区域创新网络的结构与创新能力研究
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摘要
在全球化和知识经济背景下,技术创新模式和区域发展模式发生了根本性变化。技术创新模式从传统的线性创新模式向非线性创新模式(网络式创新)的转变。区域经济发展方式已从以资金、劳动力为核心资源的发展模式向以知识和技术为核心资源的发展模式转变,且强调知识、技术等要素的空间配置效率及创新的重要性。在技术创新模式和区域经济发展方式双重变化的背景下,区域创新网络发展方式便应运而生了。区域创新网络已成为或正成为区域经济发展的一道风景线,如美国的硅谷、台湾的新竹、日本的筑波及英国的剑桥等。
20世纪80年代以来国内外学者从不同的角度对区域创新网络进行研究,如区域创新网络的概念、特点、功能等,然而目前对于区域创新网络的结构、运行及其与创新能力之间的关系等问题的研究还不够深入。
本文认为,知识、学习和社会资本构成区域创新网络创新能力的三个主要来源,且它们是蕴含在区域创新网络的结构和运行之中的。本文试图从这三个角度系统地研究区域创新网络的结构到运行的整个过程,并在此基础上,对区域创新网络的创新能力作简要评价,进而提出我国发展区域创新网络的对策与建议。
论文的主要内容如下:
第一,界定区域创新网络的概念及功能。首先,介绍网络的涵义、网络的性质与功能,认为网络就是由具有行为能力的结点联结而成的组织,网络的基本构成要素包括行为主体、活动和资源,网络组织与其他组织相比,具有独特的性质和功能。其次,从创新模式的演变过程提出了网络创新的概念,并与线性创新模式作了比较。再次,在创新网络的基础上提出了区域创新网络的概念,并分别介绍区域创新网络的功能及特征。最后,对几个容易混淆的概念进行了辨析。
第二,分析区域创新网络的创新能力来源。本文认为知识、学习和社会资本构成区域创新网络创新能力的主要来源。首先,介绍了知识及其特征,以及知识、知识创造与技术创新的关系,并认为技术创新的本质是知识创造。其次,重点讨论技术学习与创新能力的关系,认为区域创新网络中各行为主体间技术学习协同对于提高网络成员和区域的创新能力起着重要作用。最后,分析了社会资本在技术创新及区域创新中的作用,认为社会资本是知识获取与创造以及互动学习、协同学习的的条件和基础,是区域创新的重要动力,也是形成区域创新能力的重要条件。
第三,研究分析区域创新网络的结构。区域创新网络是一个非常复杂的动态的网络组织系统。区域创新网络的竞争优势和创新能力就在于其系统化的结构。区域创新网络系统的结构分析是其运行机制分析的前提和基础。首先,区域创新网络是一个创新系统,其由不同的要素组成,这些不同要素之间是相互影响、相互促进的,共同作用于区域的创新发展。其次,分析了区域创新网络系统结构模型,区域创新网络系统可分为核心系统、支持系统和环境系统,三层子系统之间是相互耦合和相互增强的;最后,分析了系统化区域创新网络的功能和创新优势。
第四,分析区域创新网络的运行。区域创新网络的运行是指在网络系统形成和运行过程中各构成要素之间相互联系、互为因果的联结方式及运转方式。区域创新网络的运行机制由网络系统的形成与动力机制、网络系统的学习与创新机制和网络组织的协调与治理机制组成。区域创新网络系统的形成与动力机制包括利益诱导机制和自组织机制、政府引导机制、市场驱动机制、环境支持机制;学习与创新机制是区域创新网络及其运行的核心机制,它由信息联结及共享机制、信任机制、协调机制、合作机制等支持性机制以及学习机制、创新实现机制两个基础性机制组成。在此基础上,本文提出一个区域创新网络的总体运行模型。
第五,界定了区域创新网络创新能力的构成,并对其进行简要评价。首先,分析了区域创新网络创新能力的构成,包括知识创造能力、知识流动能力、企业创新能力、创新环境以及创新的经济绩效。其次,提出了区域创新网络创新能力的评价体系。
第六,提出中国发展区域创新网络的对策及建议。首先介绍不同国家(地区)区域创新网络的成功经验,通过该分析,可为我国区域创新网络的发展提供借鉴。接着分析了我国区域创新网络的发展状况及其存在的主要问题,最后分析了我国区域创新网络的发展思路,并提出了自己的政策建议。
In the context of globalization and knowledge-based economy, the model of technological innovation and regional development mode have been changing fundamentally. The model of technological innovation is changing from the traditional linear innovation model to the non-linear innovation model (networking innovation). The focus of regional economic development is changing from capital, labor to knowledge and technology, and emphasizing on the space allocating efficiency of knowledge, technology and other elements and the importance of innovation. Under the double change of technological innovation model and regional economic development mode, Regional Innovation Networks(RINs) development mode has been in place. Regional Innovation Network has become or is becoming a regional economic development scenic routes, such as Silicon Valley in the United States, Taiwan's Hsinchu, Tsukuba in Japan and the United Kingdom Cambridge, and so on.
Since the 1980's, scholars at home and abroad have been studying on RINs from different perspectives, such as the concept of RINs, characteristics of RINs, functions of RINs, etc., but there are lacking in the structure of RINs, operating mechanism and its innovative capability and the relationship between issues in the current studies.
We think that knowledge, learning and social capital constitute the three main sources of the innovative capability in RINs, and they are embedded in the structure and operation of RINs. We attempt to systematically study from the structure of RINs to operation, and the whole process, from three angles. On this basis, the innovative capability of RINs is made a brief evaluation on, and the countermeasures and proposals of development RINs in China are put forward.
Main contents as follows:
First, defining the concept and functions of RINs. First of all, introducing the meaning of networks, property and function of the network, thinking that the network is linked organizations by a lot of nodes, the basic constituent elements of networks including actors, activities and resources, compared with other organizations, the networking organization have unique property and function. Second, putting forward the concepts of networking innovation from the evolution of innovative model, and making a compare with the linear innovation model. Third, the concept of RINs is proposed based on the terms of innovation networks, respectively introducing the functions and characteristics. Finally, making analysis on a few easily confusing concepts.
Second, studying the innovative capability sources of RINs, we hold that the knowledge, learning and social capital constitutes the main source of innovation capability. First of all, introducing knowledge and its characteristics, as well as knowledge, the relationship of knowledge creation and technological innovation and considering the nature of technological innovation is knowledge creation. Secondly, study focusing on the relationship of technology and innovation capability, considering the synergy of various actors in RINs plays an important role in innovation capability of the network members and of the whole region. Finally, making an analysis the role of social capital in technological innovation and regional innovation, and considering that social capital is the basis of knowledge acquisition and creation, as well as interactive learning, collaborative learning , and is an important driving force for regional innovation, but also is important guarantee for the formation of regional innovation capability .
Third, studying and analyzing the structure of RINs. RINs is a very complicated dynamic networking organization system. The competition advantage of RINs and he innovative capability of RINs lie in its systematized structure. The structural analysis of t RINs is prerequisite and foundation of its operating mechanism analysis. First of all, RINs is an innovative system, it is made up of different key elements, these different elements influence each other, mutual promotes, acting on the region development. Secondly, having analyzed the structural model of RINs, RINs can be divided into key system(KS), supporting system(SS) and environmental system(VS), the three layers subsystems are the mutual coupling and strengthened each other. Finally, analyzed the function and innovative advantage of the systematized RINs.
Fourth, the analysis of the operation of RINs. The operating system of RINs refers to the linking method and functioning way of the various constituent elements in the network formation and operation. The operating system of RINs include the formation and motive mechanism of network, learning and innovative mechanisms of network system and maintenance and governance mechanisms. formation and motive mechanism including benefit-induced mechanism, self-organizing mechanisms, government guidance mechanisms, market-driven mechanisms, environmental supporting mechanisms; learning and innovative mechanisms are the core mechanism of RINs and its operating, which is composed of information linking and sharing mechanism, trust mechanisms, coordination mechanisms, and cooperation mechanisms, the learning mechanisms, and innovative mechanisms. On this basis, this paper presents an overall operation model of RINs.
Fifth, defining the constituent elements of innovative capability in RINs, and making a brief evaluation on it. First, we analyze the operation performance of RINs, namely the innovative capability. The composition of innovative capability include knowledge creation capability, knowledge mobility, enterprise innovation capability, innovation environment and economic performance of innovation. Followed by a innovation capability evaluation system of RINs.
Sixth, putting forward the development countermeasures and suggestions of RINs in China. First of all, introducing the successful experience of RINs in different countries (regions). Then analyzing the development of RINs and its main problems, Finally, the countermeasures and proposals of development RINs in China are put forward.
20世纪80年代以来国内外学者从不同的角度对区域创新网络进行研究,如区域创新网络的概念、特点、功能等,然而目前对于区域创新网络的结构、运行及其与创新能力之间的关系等问题的研究还不够深入。
本文认为,知识、学习和社会资本构成区域创新网络创新能力的三个主要来源,且它们是蕴含在区域创新网络的结构和运行之中的。本文试图从这三个角度系统地研究区域创新网络的结构到运行的整个过程,并在此基础上,对区域创新网络的创新能力作简要评价,进而提出我国发展区域创新网络的对策与建议。
论文的主要内容如下:
第一,界定区域创新网络的概念及功能。首先,介绍网络的涵义、网络的性质与功能,认为网络就是由具有行为能力的结点联结而成的组织,网络的基本构成要素包括行为主体、活动和资源,网络组织与其他组织相比,具有独特的性质和功能。其次,从创新模式的演变过程提出了网络创新的概念,并与线性创新模式作了比较。再次,在创新网络的基础上提出了区域创新网络的概念,并分别介绍区域创新网络的功能及特征。最后,对几个容易混淆的概念进行了辨析。
第二,分析区域创新网络的创新能力来源。本文认为知识、学习和社会资本构成区域创新网络创新能力的主要来源。首先,介绍了知识及其特征,以及知识、知识创造与技术创新的关系,并认为技术创新的本质是知识创造。其次,重点讨论技术学习与创新能力的关系,认为区域创新网络中各行为主体间技术学习协同对于提高网络成员和区域的创新能力起着重要作用。最后,分析了社会资本在技术创新及区域创新中的作用,认为社会资本是知识获取与创造以及互动学习、协同学习的的条件和基础,是区域创新的重要动力,也是形成区域创新能力的重要条件。
第三,研究分析区域创新网络的结构。区域创新网络是一个非常复杂的动态的网络组织系统。区域创新网络的竞争优势和创新能力就在于其系统化的结构。区域创新网络系统的结构分析是其运行机制分析的前提和基础。首先,区域创新网络是一个创新系统,其由不同的要素组成,这些不同要素之间是相互影响、相互促进的,共同作用于区域的创新发展。其次,分析了区域创新网络系统结构模型,区域创新网络系统可分为核心系统、支持系统和环境系统,三层子系统之间是相互耦合和相互增强的;最后,分析了系统化区域创新网络的功能和创新优势。
第四,分析区域创新网络的运行。区域创新网络的运行是指在网络系统形成和运行过程中各构成要素之间相互联系、互为因果的联结方式及运转方式。区域创新网络的运行机制由网络系统的形成与动力机制、网络系统的学习与创新机制和网络组织的协调与治理机制组成。区域创新网络系统的形成与动力机制包括利益诱导机制和自组织机制、政府引导机制、市场驱动机制、环境支持机制;学习与创新机制是区域创新网络及其运行的核心机制,它由信息联结及共享机制、信任机制、协调机制、合作机制等支持性机制以及学习机制、创新实现机制两个基础性机制组成。在此基础上,本文提出一个区域创新网络的总体运行模型。
第五,界定了区域创新网络创新能力的构成,并对其进行简要评价。首先,分析了区域创新网络创新能力的构成,包括知识创造能力、知识流动能力、企业创新能力、创新环境以及创新的经济绩效。其次,提出了区域创新网络创新能力的评价体系。
第六,提出中国发展区域创新网络的对策及建议。首先介绍不同国家(地区)区域创新网络的成功经验,通过该分析,可为我国区域创新网络的发展提供借鉴。接着分析了我国区域创新网络的发展状况及其存在的主要问题,最后分析了我国区域创新网络的发展思路,并提出了自己的政策建议。
In the context of globalization and knowledge-based economy, the model of technological innovation and regional development mode have been changing fundamentally. The model of technological innovation is changing from the traditional linear innovation model to the non-linear innovation model (networking innovation). The focus of regional economic development is changing from capital, labor to knowledge and technology, and emphasizing on the space allocating efficiency of knowledge, technology and other elements and the importance of innovation. Under the double change of technological innovation model and regional economic development mode, Regional Innovation Networks(RINs) development mode has been in place. Regional Innovation Network has become or is becoming a regional economic development scenic routes, such as Silicon Valley in the United States, Taiwan's Hsinchu, Tsukuba in Japan and the United Kingdom Cambridge, and so on.
Since the 1980's, scholars at home and abroad have been studying on RINs from different perspectives, such as the concept of RINs, characteristics of RINs, functions of RINs, etc., but there are lacking in the structure of RINs, operating mechanism and its innovative capability and the relationship between issues in the current studies.
We think that knowledge, learning and social capital constitute the three main sources of the innovative capability in RINs, and they are embedded in the structure and operation of RINs. We attempt to systematically study from the structure of RINs to operation, and the whole process, from three angles. On this basis, the innovative capability of RINs is made a brief evaluation on, and the countermeasures and proposals of development RINs in China are put forward.
Main contents as follows:
First, defining the concept and functions of RINs. First of all, introducing the meaning of networks, property and function of the network, thinking that the network is linked organizations by a lot of nodes, the basic constituent elements of networks including actors, activities and resources, compared with other organizations, the networking organization have unique property and function. Second, putting forward the concepts of networking innovation from the evolution of innovative model, and making a compare with the linear innovation model. Third, the concept of RINs is proposed based on the terms of innovation networks, respectively introducing the functions and characteristics. Finally, making analysis on a few easily confusing concepts.
Second, studying the innovative capability sources of RINs, we hold that the knowledge, learning and social capital constitutes the main source of innovation capability. First of all, introducing knowledge and its characteristics, as well as knowledge, the relationship of knowledge creation and technological innovation and considering the nature of technological innovation is knowledge creation. Secondly, study focusing on the relationship of technology and innovation capability, considering the synergy of various actors in RINs plays an important role in innovation capability of the network members and of the whole region. Finally, making an analysis the role of social capital in technological innovation and regional innovation, and considering that social capital is the basis of knowledge acquisition and creation, as well as interactive learning, collaborative learning , and is an important driving force for regional innovation, but also is important guarantee for the formation of regional innovation capability .
Third, studying and analyzing the structure of RINs. RINs is a very complicated dynamic networking organization system. The competition advantage of RINs and he innovative capability of RINs lie in its systematized structure. The structural analysis of t RINs is prerequisite and foundation of its operating mechanism analysis. First of all, RINs is an innovative system, it is made up of different key elements, these different elements influence each other, mutual promotes, acting on the region development. Secondly, having analyzed the structural model of RINs, RINs can be divided into key system(KS), supporting system(SS) and environmental system(VS), the three layers subsystems are the mutual coupling and strengthened each other. Finally, analyzed the function and innovative advantage of the systematized RINs.
Fourth, the analysis of the operation of RINs. The operating system of RINs refers to the linking method and functioning way of the various constituent elements in the network formation and operation. The operating system of RINs include the formation and motive mechanism of network, learning and innovative mechanisms of network system and maintenance and governance mechanisms. formation and motive mechanism including benefit-induced mechanism, self-organizing mechanisms, government guidance mechanisms, market-driven mechanisms, environmental supporting mechanisms; learning and innovative mechanisms are the core mechanism of RINs and its operating, which is composed of information linking and sharing mechanism, trust mechanisms, coordination mechanisms, and cooperation mechanisms, the learning mechanisms, and innovative mechanisms. On this basis, this paper presents an overall operation model of RINs.
Fifth, defining the constituent elements of innovative capability in RINs, and making a brief evaluation on it. First, we analyze the operation performance of RINs, namely the innovative capability. The composition of innovative capability include knowledge creation capability, knowledge mobility, enterprise innovation capability, innovation environment and economic performance of innovation. Followed by a innovation capability evaluation system of RINs.
Sixth, putting forward the development countermeasures and suggestions of RINs in China. First of all, introducing the successful experience of RINs in different countries (regions). Then analyzing the development of RINs and its main problems, Finally, the countermeasures and proposals of development RINs in China are put forward.
引文
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