区域协同制造环境中合作伙伴评价与选择方法的研究及应用
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摘要
区域协同制造是一种为应对信息技术的广泛应用和经济全球化的挑战应运而生的提高企业竞争力和加速区域经济发展的先进的企业间的合作模式。目前,制造业面临越来越多的挑战,产品生命周期越来越短,市场需求变化越来越快。一个企业无论多大,都不可能具备迅速完成一项经营任务的所有技能和能力,企业之间需要合作,因此,区域协同制造是实现产品协同设计和企业资源共享的必然选择。而在区域协同制造中快速准确的选择合作伙伴是成功运作区域协同制造的关键步骤。
本文结合浙江省科技厅重大科技攻关项目以及我国区域协同制造的发展现状,重点研究区域协同制造环境中合作伙伴的评价体系和模型,给出了符合区域协同制造环境的评价指标,并构建了评价指标体系。运用改进的层次分析法和改进的TOPSIS法相结合的方法来评价合作伙伴。在采用层次分析法来确定评价指标的权重时,提出了一种新的标度方法,克服了1～9标度法中不符合人们心理习惯,与人们估计的偏差较远以及用该方法建立的判断矩阵,其一致性也可能被破坏的不足。通过具体的计算实例,验证了新的标度方法不仅使判断矩阵的一致性检验的通过率提高了,而且还可以根据不同的评价对象,对具体的标度值做相应的变化,使得该标度方法更具有实用性和可扩展性。
论文在上述应用研究的基础上,根据企业的实际需求,开发了一个合作伙伴评价与选择系统,系统的主要模块包括:合作伙伴基本信息管理、评价指标体系发布与维护、合作伙伴综合评价以及综合评价结果查看等四个模块。所开发的系统已在一著名服饰有限公司的应用实施,对该公司的候选合作企业进行了综合评价与选择,实证研究结果表明评价选择效果良好。
In order to face challenges brought by wide use of information technology and economic globalization, regional co-manufacturing comes into being. It is an advanced inter-organizational coordination mode to improve enterprises' competition and speedup regional economic development. At present, manufacturer must to confront with more and more challenges. On one hand, the market requirement varies more quickly than ever before. On the other hand, the product life cycle becomes shorter. In this case, no matter how large a company is, it can't possess all capabilities and technologies to finish a task in a short time. As a result, companies need to cooperate with each other, and regional co-manufacturing is an inevitable choice for companies to design product cooperatively and share companies' resource. However, selecting co-partners accurately and quickly is the key step to run regional co-manufacturing successfully.
Combined with great technology capture project of Zhejiang Province and the current situation of regional co-manufacturing in our country, the paper studies, this paper pays main attention on co-partners' evaluation system and model of regional co-manufacturing environment, gives out the evaluation indexes according with regional co-manufacturing environment and constructs evaluating index system. And it uses the improved AHP and modified TOPSIS method to evaluate copartners. When using AHP to determine the weight of evaluation indexes, it proposes a new measure method, getting over the deficiency from not according with the habit of people, bigger difference comparing with people's estimation, and the destruction of judgment matrix consistency built by this method. The validity of new scale method is proved by concrete computation examples, which not only raises consistency check's passing rate of judgment matrix, but also varies the specific scale value according to different evaluation object, making the new scale method have more practicability and extendibility.
Based on the above application research, considering the enterprise actual requirement, the author develops a co-partners evaluation and selection system. Its primary modules include the basic information management of the co-partners, the distribution and maintenance of the evaluation index system, comprehensive evaluation of the co-partners and the display of evaluation result. This system has been applied in a well-known clothing company, and finishes the synthetical evaluation and selection to the enterprise's candidate copartners. The results have good evaluation and selection effect.
本文结合浙江省科技厅重大科技攻关项目以及我国区域协同制造的发展现状,重点研究区域协同制造环境中合作伙伴的评价体系和模型,给出了符合区域协同制造环境的评价指标,并构建了评价指标体系。运用改进的层次分析法和改进的TOPSIS法相结合的方法来评价合作伙伴。在采用层次分析法来确定评价指标的权重时,提出了一种新的标度方法,克服了1～9标度法中不符合人们心理习惯,与人们估计的偏差较远以及用该方法建立的判断矩阵,其一致性也可能被破坏的不足。通过具体的计算实例,验证了新的标度方法不仅使判断矩阵的一致性检验的通过率提高了,而且还可以根据不同的评价对象,对具体的标度值做相应的变化,使得该标度方法更具有实用性和可扩展性。
论文在上述应用研究的基础上,根据企业的实际需求,开发了一个合作伙伴评价与选择系统,系统的主要模块包括:合作伙伴基本信息管理、评价指标体系发布与维护、合作伙伴综合评价以及综合评价结果查看等四个模块。所开发的系统已在一著名服饰有限公司的应用实施,对该公司的候选合作企业进行了综合评价与选择,实证研究结果表明评价选择效果良好。
In order to face challenges brought by wide use of information technology and economic globalization, regional co-manufacturing comes into being. It is an advanced inter-organizational coordination mode to improve enterprises' competition and speedup regional economic development. At present, manufacturer must to confront with more and more challenges. On one hand, the market requirement varies more quickly than ever before. On the other hand, the product life cycle becomes shorter. In this case, no matter how large a company is, it can't possess all capabilities and technologies to finish a task in a short time. As a result, companies need to cooperate with each other, and regional co-manufacturing is an inevitable choice for companies to design product cooperatively and share companies' resource. However, selecting co-partners accurately and quickly is the key step to run regional co-manufacturing successfully.
Combined with great technology capture project of Zhejiang Province and the current situation of regional co-manufacturing in our country, the paper studies, this paper pays main attention on co-partners' evaluation system and model of regional co-manufacturing environment, gives out the evaluation indexes according with regional co-manufacturing environment and constructs evaluating index system. And it uses the improved AHP and modified TOPSIS method to evaluate copartners. When using AHP to determine the weight of evaluation indexes, it proposes a new measure method, getting over the deficiency from not according with the habit of people, bigger difference comparing with people's estimation, and the destruction of judgment matrix consistency built by this method. The validity of new scale method is proved by concrete computation examples, which not only raises consistency check's passing rate of judgment matrix, but also varies the specific scale value according to different evaluation object, making the new scale method have more practicability and extendibility.
Based on the above application research, considering the enterprise actual requirement, the author develops a co-partners evaluation and selection system. Its primary modules include the basic information management of the co-partners, the distribution and maintenance of the evaluation index system, comprehensive evaluation of the co-partners and the display of evaluation result. This system has been applied in a well-known clothing company, and finishes the synthetical evaluation and selection to the enterprise's candidate copartners. The results have good evaluation and selection effect.
引文
[1]李际.协同业务的三个环节[J].中国计算机用户,2002,8.
[2]伍乃冀,孙健.虚拟企业重构中成员的任务分配[J].计算机集成制造系统,2001,87(8):1-6.
[3]董和平,黄爱华.网络环境下虚拟企业合作伙伴选择的决策支持系统研究[J].科技进步与决策,2002,3.
[4]曹洪医,汪定伟.用GA求解动态联盟中伙伴选择的多目标优化模型信息与控制[J].控制与决策,2001,30(4):348-351.
[5]覃正,含秉恒.灵捷制造的集成决策[J].中国机械工程,1997,8(6):12-14.
[6]刘晓冰,黄学文,高天一等.面向动态联盟的伙伴企业选择决策方法及系统[J].工业工程,2001,4(2):10-13.
[7]仲智刚,潘晓弘等.支持动态联盟的敏捷供应链系统建模技术研究[J].中国机械工程,2001,11:64-68.
[8]王丹,杨晓春,王国仁等.基于模糊层次分析法实现虚拟企业中的伙伴选择[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2000,21(6):606-609.
[9]陆金伟,达庆利.一种选择虚拟企业伙伴的框架[J].管理工程学报,2001,14(4):348-351.
[10]马鹏举,朱东波,丁玉成等.签于模糊层次分析方法(F-AHP)的盟员优化选择算法[J].西安交通大学学报,1999,33(7):31-33.
[11]王光军,王天然,于海斌.动态联盟盟员选择的决策方法[J].计算机工程与应用,2001,19:51-54.
[12]夏绍纬等.系统工程概论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[13]任延荣,刘庆欧.卫生管理技术基础——实用运筹学与系统工程[M].北京:北京医科大学,中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1992:179-187.
[14]胡永宏.对TOPSIS法用于综合评价的改进[J].数学的实践与认识,2002:572-575.
[15]乔尔·厄恩斯特.协作型竞争[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2002.
[16]宋豫川,苗剑,刘飞.网络化制造平台的多模式运行体系结构及集成技术[J].重庆大学学报,2004,27(5):151-154.
[17]舒斌.中小型制造企业信息化协同产品开发原理与实施方法[C].四川大学.2002.
[18]常大勇,张丽丽.经济管理中的模糊数学方法[M].北京:北京经济学院出版社,1995:50-58.
[19]李瑜,王昕,黄必清等.基于多AGENT的虚拟企业伙伴选择系统[J].计算机工程与应用,2000,(8):11-15.
[20]汪浩,马达.层次分析标度评价与新标度方法[J].系统工程理论与实践,1993,13(5):24-26.
[21]侯岳衡,沈德家.指数标度及其与几种标度的比较[J].系统工程理论与实践,1995,15(10):43-45.
[22]丁俭.一种简明的群体决策AHP模型及新的标度方法[J].管理工程学报,2000:16-18.
[23]丁俭.优先上市公司综合评价方法研究[C].南京:河海大学,1998:45-49.
[24]曾文涛.协同理论与协同物流管理[J].商场现代化,2005,7:34-36.
[25]周国星,叶耀华.多Agent系统在供应链管理中的运用研究[J].物流技术,2005,9:52-55.
[26]韩庆兰,杨涛.AHP算法和三角模糊数在虚拟企业的盟员选择中的应用[J].运筹与管理,2003,1:17-21.
[27]钱西汉等.AHP在动态联盟企业的盟员选择中的应用[J].机械设计与制造工程,2002,2:30-40.
[28]冯蔚东,陈剑,赵纯均基于遗传算法的动态联盟伙伴选择过程及优化模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000,40:120-124.
[29]魏权龄.评价相对有效性的DEA方法——运筹学的新领域[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1988:1-3.
[30]张永弟,宋海生,徐建中,杨梅.AHP在异地协同制造协作伙伴选择中的应用[J].管理技术,2005,7:71-74.
[31]于海斌,朱云龙.协同制造——e时代的制造策略与解决方案(第1版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:342-348.
[32]刘宝峰,关志民.基于成本分析的动态供应商评价方法[J].现代管理科学,2006,2:22-25.
[33]Nostrand Rheinhol Jehuen.The Virtual Corporation,2000-04-12[2006-01-27].http://www.tvshow.com.tw/vr.htm.
[34]Byrne,J.A.The Virtual Corporation Business Week[J],February 8,1993:98-10.
[35]Malone,M.and Davidow,W.Virtual Corporation.Forbes[J],December 7,1992:102-107.
[36]Hwagyoo Park.An Intemet-Based Collaborative Engineering System[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2003:42-44.
[37]Reid L.et al.A Method for Engineering the Virtual Enterprise[C],Proc.Of the 5~(th) Annaul Agility Forum Conf,1996,(3).
[38] HENRY C. W. LAU and ERIC T.I .WONG Partner Selection and Information Infrastructure of a Virtual Enterprise Network [J]. INT. J. Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2001, 14(2):186-193.
[39] Jeffrey KXiker, Thomas Lamb, Lean Manufacturing Principles Guide. WWW.niiip.org.2003.
[40] Kaufmamm A, Gupta M M. Introduction to Fuzzy Arithmetic Theory and Application[M].New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold.1991:358-362.
[41] T.L Saaty. The Analytic Hierarchy Process [M]. New York; McGrawHill, 1980.
[42] Venables Anthony J. International capacity choice and national market games [J]. Journal of International Economics. 1990,29:23-42.
[43] Hellard RB. Partnering Principle and Practice [M].London: Thorn as Telford Pnblication,1995.
[44] Brainard S, David M, Idei T. Strategic Trade Policy Design with Asymmetric Information and Public Contracts [J]. Review of Economic Studies, 1996, 63: 81-105.
[45]Kaufmamm A, Gupta M M. Introduction to Fuzzy Arithmetic Theory and Application [M].New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.l991:358-362.
[2]伍乃冀,孙健.虚拟企业重构中成员的任务分配[J].计算机集成制造系统,2001,87(8):1-6.
[3]董和平,黄爱华.网络环境下虚拟企业合作伙伴选择的决策支持系统研究[J].科技进步与决策,2002,3.
[4]曹洪医,汪定伟.用GA求解动态联盟中伙伴选择的多目标优化模型信息与控制[J].控制与决策,2001,30(4):348-351.
[5]覃正,含秉恒.灵捷制造的集成决策[J].中国机械工程,1997,8(6):12-14.
[6]刘晓冰,黄学文,高天一等.面向动态联盟的伙伴企业选择决策方法及系统[J].工业工程,2001,4(2):10-13.
[7]仲智刚,潘晓弘等.支持动态联盟的敏捷供应链系统建模技术研究[J].中国机械工程,2001,11:64-68.
[8]王丹,杨晓春,王国仁等.基于模糊层次分析法实现虚拟企业中的伙伴选择[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2000,21(6):606-609.
[9]陆金伟,达庆利.一种选择虚拟企业伙伴的框架[J].管理工程学报,2001,14(4):348-351.
[10]马鹏举,朱东波,丁玉成等.签于模糊层次分析方法(F-AHP)的盟员优化选择算法[J].西安交通大学学报,1999,33(7):31-33.
[11]王光军,王天然,于海斌.动态联盟盟员选择的决策方法[J].计算机工程与应用,2001,19:51-54.
[12]夏绍纬等.系统工程概论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995.
[13]任延荣,刘庆欧.卫生管理技术基础——实用运筹学与系统工程[M].北京:北京医科大学,中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1992:179-187.
[14]胡永宏.对TOPSIS法用于综合评价的改进[J].数学的实践与认识,2002:572-575.
[15]乔尔·厄恩斯特.协作型竞争[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2002.
[16]宋豫川,苗剑,刘飞.网络化制造平台的多模式运行体系结构及集成技术[J].重庆大学学报,2004,27(5):151-154.
[17]舒斌.中小型制造企业信息化协同产品开发原理与实施方法[C].四川大学.2002.
[18]常大勇,张丽丽.经济管理中的模糊数学方法[M].北京:北京经济学院出版社,1995:50-58.
[19]李瑜,王昕,黄必清等.基于多AGENT的虚拟企业伙伴选择系统[J].计算机工程与应用,2000,(8):11-15.
[20]汪浩,马达.层次分析标度评价与新标度方法[J].系统工程理论与实践,1993,13(5):24-26.
[21]侯岳衡,沈德家.指数标度及其与几种标度的比较[J].系统工程理论与实践,1995,15(10):43-45.
[22]丁俭.一种简明的群体决策AHP模型及新的标度方法[J].管理工程学报,2000:16-18.
[23]丁俭.优先上市公司综合评价方法研究[C].南京:河海大学,1998:45-49.
[24]曾文涛.协同理论与协同物流管理[J].商场现代化,2005,7:34-36.
[25]周国星,叶耀华.多Agent系统在供应链管理中的运用研究[J].物流技术,2005,9:52-55.
[26]韩庆兰,杨涛.AHP算法和三角模糊数在虚拟企业的盟员选择中的应用[J].运筹与管理,2003,1:17-21.
[27]钱西汉等.AHP在动态联盟企业的盟员选择中的应用[J].机械设计与制造工程,2002,2:30-40.
[28]冯蔚东,陈剑,赵纯均基于遗传算法的动态联盟伙伴选择过程及优化模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000,40:120-124.
[29]魏权龄.评价相对有效性的DEA方法——运筹学的新领域[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1988:1-3.
[30]张永弟,宋海生,徐建中,杨梅.AHP在异地协同制造协作伙伴选择中的应用[J].管理技术,2005,7:71-74.
[31]于海斌,朱云龙.协同制造——e时代的制造策略与解决方案(第1版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:342-348.
[32]刘宝峰,关志民.基于成本分析的动态供应商评价方法[J].现代管理科学,2006,2:22-25.
[33]Nostrand Rheinhol Jehuen.The Virtual Corporation,2000-04-12[2006-01-27].http://www.tvshow.com.tw/vr.htm.
[34]Byrne,J.A.The Virtual Corporation Business Week[J],February 8,1993:98-10.
[35]Malone,M.and Davidow,W.Virtual Corporation.Forbes[J],December 7,1992:102-107.
[36]Hwagyoo Park.An Intemet-Based Collaborative Engineering System[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2003:42-44.
[37]Reid L.et al.A Method for Engineering the Virtual Enterprise[C],Proc.Of the 5~(th) Annaul Agility Forum Conf,1996,(3).
[38] HENRY C. W. LAU and ERIC T.I .WONG Partner Selection and Information Infrastructure of a Virtual Enterprise Network [J]. INT. J. Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2001, 14(2):186-193.
[39] Jeffrey KXiker, Thomas Lamb, Lean Manufacturing Principles Guide. WWW.niiip.org.2003.
[40] Kaufmamm A, Gupta M M. Introduction to Fuzzy Arithmetic Theory and Application[M].New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold.1991:358-362.
[41] T.L Saaty. The Analytic Hierarchy Process [M]. New York; McGrawHill, 1980.
[42] Venables Anthony J. International capacity choice and national market games [J]. Journal of International Economics. 1990,29:23-42.
[43] Hellard RB. Partnering Principle and Practice [M].London: Thorn as Telford Pnblication,1995.
[44] Brainard S, David M, Idei T. Strategic Trade Policy Design with Asymmetric Information and Public Contracts [J]. Review of Economic Studies, 1996, 63: 81-105.
[45]Kaufmamm A, Gupta M M. Introduction to Fuzzy Arithmetic Theory and Application [M].New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.l991:358-362.