基于中小企业集群的西部城镇化路径研究
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摘要
区域间在经济实力和经济发展水平上的差距,主要是由不同地区的城市在经济实力和发展水平上的差距决定的,而后者又是与区域城镇化水平紧紧相连。要缩小区域发展差距,推动区域协调发展,不能不研究城镇化问题。论文系统归纳了城镇化理论的相关观点,重点对城镇化发展模式、城镇化与企业集群关系研究、我国城镇化的功能作用进行了述评和概述,提出了缩短区域差距、推进西部地区快速发展,必须以实施城镇化战略为主线和突破口,着力解决西部城镇化进程中存在的主要问题,走出一条符合西部区情的城镇化道路。
城镇化是一个综合发展的过程,衡量与比较不同地区城镇化水平的标准不能是一个单一指标,而应该是能够反映这种复杂过程、反映各种主要因素变化的指标体系。论文从构建区域城镇化指标体系、建立数学模型入手,通过实证分析发现,在西部地区与东部地区各项指标的差距中,最大的是西部地区城镇体系不够完善、产业城镇化水平不高。完善城镇体系、发展城镇经济,是西部地区城镇化的首要任务。重点在于适当增加城镇数量,扩大城镇规模,积极构建城镇集群。
无论是城镇数量的增加还是规模的扩大,都要依赖于地区经济尤其是城镇经济的发展。发展城镇经济,关键是要选择具有强大生命力的经济组织模式。中小企业集群以其特有的成本优势、市场优势、创新优势和扩张优势,宜作为西部地区城镇发展经济的首选。
论文介绍了中小企业集群的理论和优势,分析了城镇群形成的产业背景,提出企业集群模式是中小城镇经济产业发展的基本模式,只有立足于培育企业集群,才能实现大城市的空间转型、增强中小城市竞争力、重点发展小城镇。没有企业集群,就没有中小城(镇)的发展动力,大中小城市、小城镇就不能协调发展。西部地区城镇化的重要目标是建立合理的城镇体系(或城镇群),在其内部大中小城市和小城镇都有各自的地位和作用,相互联系,协调发展,形成一个有机整体。城镇体系中城镇群协同的基础和实质是资源互补和企业集群间的协同,如果城镇之间的产业不互补,城镇群中各城镇功能的合作互补就无法实现。因此,企业集群是城镇集群的基础,城镇集群是企业集群的载体。突出重点,统筹兼顾,通过企业集群与城镇集群的互动共生,走集聚式城镇化道路,是促进西部地区大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的现实路径,也是西部地区贯彻落实科学发展观、实现经济社会又好又快发展的必然选择。
中小企业集群是一种世界性的经济现象,已成为当今世界经济发展中颇具特色的产业经济组织形式。中国的地方中小企业集群正在迅速崛起,将成为中国经济快速发展的主要支撑力量。论文对西部地区培育发展中小企业集群的可行性作了全面分析,认为中小企业集群吸收了诸多发展道路的优点以及大量理论研究成果,依托其突出优势和广泛适应性,可以从西部地区实际出发,创造条件,逐步形成能够体现和发挥自身优势的企业集群,从而以企业集群为基础,构建城镇集群成为可能。
中小企业集群的发展是需求条件、要素条件、相关支撑产业条件、社会网络、文化传统、具有企业家精神的地方企业家等共同作用的结果,地方政府居于核心地位,在中小企业集群培育与发展中应积极发挥作用。论文构建了政府在培育区域中小企业集群中的“钻石模型”,提出了培育发展中小企业集群、建立企业集群与城镇化互动发展机制的对策建议。论文最后以渝蓉经济区为例进行了实证分析。
论文运用多种学科的相关理论,采用理论分析、规范分析、实证分析和比较分析相结合的研究方法,对基于中小企业集群的西部城镇化路径进行了全面分析和论证。研究成果主要是构建了区域城镇化指标体系,通过实证分析找到了东西部城镇化的主要差距,为不同区域之间比较分析城镇化提供了重要依据;构建了西部地区城镇化路径模型,提出了走企业集群与城镇集群互动发展的集聚式城镇化道路是促进西部城镇化的现实路径;构建了中小企业集群优势与西部地区特征耦合模型,认为企业集群在西部地区有培育发展的可行性,有力佐证了西部地区走集聚式城镇化道路的可能性,也丰富和完善了企业集群理论;构建了政府在培育区域中小企业集群中的“钻石模型”,提出了培育发展中小企业集群、建立企业集群与城镇化互动机制的对策建议。
The gap between economic strengths and developments of different regions is mainly due to the different levels of economic strengths and developments of cities in these regions. The later is closely related to the regional urbanization level. In order to narrow the regional development gap and boost coordinated regional development, urbanization must be studied. Thesis into the system, urbanization theory related to the point of view, focusing on the development of urbanization patterns and urbanization with the business relationship between the study group, China's urbanization, the functions and role outlined in the Review, made to shorten the gap between the region and promote the rapid development of the western region Must be the strategy of urbanization as the main line and a breakthrough, the western region and make efforts to resolve the process of urbanization in the main problems, in line with one out in the western state of the region's urbanization.
Urbanization is a comprehensive development process. Instead of having a sole indicator for assessing and comparing the urbanization levels of different regions, there should be a system of indicators to reflect this complex process and the changes of various factors. Thesis from the construction of regional urbanization index system, the establishment of mathematical models to start, through the empirical analysis found that among the indicator disparities between eastern and western regions, the most significant gaps are with urban system of the western region incompleteness and urbanization low level of industry. The major tasks are to improve the urban system and develop urban economy. The emphasis is on moderately increasing the number of cities, expanding the scale of cities, and building up clusters of cities. The increase of number of cities and expansion of the scale of cities rely on the development of regional economy, especially urban economy. To develop urban economy, the key is to choose a vigorous economic organizational model. The cluster of small and medium enterprises has its unique strengths in cost, market, innovation and expansion. It should as a first choice to urban economic development of western region.
Thesis introduced the theory and advantages of the cluster of small and medium enterprises, an analysis of urban groups to form the background of the industry, put forward that the cluster of small and medium enterprises is the basic model for economic and industrial development of small and medium cities. Based on fostering enterprise clusters, the transformation of big cities, enhancement of competitiveness and emphasized development of small and medium cities could be achieved. Without enterprise clusters, the development of small and medium cities would not have the driving force, and the coordinated development between big / medium cities and small cities would not be achieved. In the urbanization of western region, one important goal is to establish rational systems of cities (or clusters of cities), in which big / medium cities and small cities have their respective roles to play; they are interrelated and coordinated, and thus become a mechanism. The basis and essence of coordination between of cities are the mutual supplementation of resources and coordination between enterprise clusters. If the industries of cities are not mutually supplementary, the functional and cooperative mutual supplementation between cities in a cluster would not be achieved. Therefore, the cluster of enterprises is the foundation of the cluster of cities, while the latter is the carrier of the former. Clustered urbanization with its focus and balance as well as the interaction and coexistence of enterprise cluster and city cluster is a realistic path for the coordinated development of big / medium and small cities in the western region. It is an imperative option for implementing the scientific outlook on development in the western region as well as achieving sound and rapid social and economic development.
The cluster of small and medium enterprises is a worldwide economic phenomenon. It has become a characteristic economic structure in today’s world. The cluster of small and medium enterprises in China is emerging rapidly, which would become a major force in the rapid economic development of China. Thesis in the western region of nurturing the development of clusters of small and medium enterprises made a comprehensive analysis of the feasibility of that the enterprise cluster has absorbed the merits of many development paths and study achievements, and could be widely applied in the western region. Based on the actual situation of the western region, enterprise clusters could be built up gradually in order to give full play to the strengths of the region. Thus, the enterprise cluster could become a foundation for building up city clusters.
The development of small and medium enterprises is the result of needs, elements, supporting industries, social network, cultural tradition and local entrepreneurs with entrepreneurial spirit. The local government has a key role to play in fostering the cluster of small and medium enterprises. Thesis designed to cultivate the regional government in the small and medium enterprises clusters in the process of "diamond model.", put forward suggestions that foster the development of the small and medium enterprises clusters, the establishment of clusters of cities and towns and the development of an interactive mechanism. In the final paper is based on Yu Rong Economic Zone as an example for the empirical analysis.
Thesis use a variety of subjects related to the theory, using theoretical analysis, specification analysis, empirical analysis and comparative analysis of a combination of research methods, based on clusters of small and medium enterprises in the western towns of path to a comprehensive analysis and argument.. The main outcome of the study is to build a regional system of indicators of urbanization, through empirical analysis found the towns of the east and the west of the main gaps between different regions for a comparative analysis of urbanization provides an important basis; Construction of the cities and towns in the western region of the path model, taking clusters and clusters of urban development of the interactive-gathering is to promote urbanization in the western towns of the reality of the path; Construction of the urban in the western region of the path model, taking clusters and clusters of urban development of the interactive-gathering is to promote urbanization in the western towns of the reality of the path; Construction of the advantages of the small and medium enterprises clusters in the western region with the characteristics of the coupled model that clusters in the western region has nurtured the development of the feasibility of a powerful proof of the west-gathering walk the road of urbanization possibility, but also to enrich and improve the business - Group theory; Construction of the regional government in fostering small and medium enterprises in the cluster "diamond model", put forward suggestions that foster the development of the small and medium enterprises clusters, the establishment of clusters of cities and towns and the development of an interactive mechanism.
城镇化是一个综合发展的过程,衡量与比较不同地区城镇化水平的标准不能是一个单一指标,而应该是能够反映这种复杂过程、反映各种主要因素变化的指标体系。论文从构建区域城镇化指标体系、建立数学模型入手,通过实证分析发现,在西部地区与东部地区各项指标的差距中,最大的是西部地区城镇体系不够完善、产业城镇化水平不高。完善城镇体系、发展城镇经济,是西部地区城镇化的首要任务。重点在于适当增加城镇数量,扩大城镇规模,积极构建城镇集群。
无论是城镇数量的增加还是规模的扩大,都要依赖于地区经济尤其是城镇经济的发展。发展城镇经济,关键是要选择具有强大生命力的经济组织模式。中小企业集群以其特有的成本优势、市场优势、创新优势和扩张优势,宜作为西部地区城镇发展经济的首选。
论文介绍了中小企业集群的理论和优势,分析了城镇群形成的产业背景,提出企业集群模式是中小城镇经济产业发展的基本模式,只有立足于培育企业集群,才能实现大城市的空间转型、增强中小城市竞争力、重点发展小城镇。没有企业集群,就没有中小城(镇)的发展动力,大中小城市、小城镇就不能协调发展。西部地区城镇化的重要目标是建立合理的城镇体系(或城镇群),在其内部大中小城市和小城镇都有各自的地位和作用,相互联系,协调发展,形成一个有机整体。城镇体系中城镇群协同的基础和实质是资源互补和企业集群间的协同,如果城镇之间的产业不互补,城镇群中各城镇功能的合作互补就无法实现。因此,企业集群是城镇集群的基础,城镇集群是企业集群的载体。突出重点,统筹兼顾,通过企业集群与城镇集群的互动共生,走集聚式城镇化道路,是促进西部地区大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的现实路径,也是西部地区贯彻落实科学发展观、实现经济社会又好又快发展的必然选择。
中小企业集群是一种世界性的经济现象,已成为当今世界经济发展中颇具特色的产业经济组织形式。中国的地方中小企业集群正在迅速崛起,将成为中国经济快速发展的主要支撑力量。论文对西部地区培育发展中小企业集群的可行性作了全面分析,认为中小企业集群吸收了诸多发展道路的优点以及大量理论研究成果,依托其突出优势和广泛适应性,可以从西部地区实际出发,创造条件,逐步形成能够体现和发挥自身优势的企业集群,从而以企业集群为基础,构建城镇集群成为可能。
中小企业集群的发展是需求条件、要素条件、相关支撑产业条件、社会网络、文化传统、具有企业家精神的地方企业家等共同作用的结果,地方政府居于核心地位,在中小企业集群培育与发展中应积极发挥作用。论文构建了政府在培育区域中小企业集群中的“钻石模型”,提出了培育发展中小企业集群、建立企业集群与城镇化互动发展机制的对策建议。论文最后以渝蓉经济区为例进行了实证分析。
论文运用多种学科的相关理论,采用理论分析、规范分析、实证分析和比较分析相结合的研究方法,对基于中小企业集群的西部城镇化路径进行了全面分析和论证。研究成果主要是构建了区域城镇化指标体系,通过实证分析找到了东西部城镇化的主要差距,为不同区域之间比较分析城镇化提供了重要依据;构建了西部地区城镇化路径模型,提出了走企业集群与城镇集群互动发展的集聚式城镇化道路是促进西部城镇化的现实路径;构建了中小企业集群优势与西部地区特征耦合模型,认为企业集群在西部地区有培育发展的可行性,有力佐证了西部地区走集聚式城镇化道路的可能性,也丰富和完善了企业集群理论;构建了政府在培育区域中小企业集群中的“钻石模型”,提出了培育发展中小企业集群、建立企业集群与城镇化互动机制的对策建议。
The gap between economic strengths and developments of different regions is mainly due to the different levels of economic strengths and developments of cities in these regions. The later is closely related to the regional urbanization level. In order to narrow the regional development gap and boost coordinated regional development, urbanization must be studied. Thesis into the system, urbanization theory related to the point of view, focusing on the development of urbanization patterns and urbanization with the business relationship between the study group, China's urbanization, the functions and role outlined in the Review, made to shorten the gap between the region and promote the rapid development of the western region Must be the strategy of urbanization as the main line and a breakthrough, the western region and make efforts to resolve the process of urbanization in the main problems, in line with one out in the western state of the region's urbanization.
Urbanization is a comprehensive development process. Instead of having a sole indicator for assessing and comparing the urbanization levels of different regions, there should be a system of indicators to reflect this complex process and the changes of various factors. Thesis from the construction of regional urbanization index system, the establishment of mathematical models to start, through the empirical analysis found that among the indicator disparities between eastern and western regions, the most significant gaps are with urban system of the western region incompleteness and urbanization low level of industry. The major tasks are to improve the urban system and develop urban economy. The emphasis is on moderately increasing the number of cities, expanding the scale of cities, and building up clusters of cities. The increase of number of cities and expansion of the scale of cities rely on the development of regional economy, especially urban economy. To develop urban economy, the key is to choose a vigorous economic organizational model. The cluster of small and medium enterprises has its unique strengths in cost, market, innovation and expansion. It should as a first choice to urban economic development of western region.
Thesis introduced the theory and advantages of the cluster of small and medium enterprises, an analysis of urban groups to form the background of the industry, put forward that the cluster of small and medium enterprises is the basic model for economic and industrial development of small and medium cities. Based on fostering enterprise clusters, the transformation of big cities, enhancement of competitiveness and emphasized development of small and medium cities could be achieved. Without enterprise clusters, the development of small and medium cities would not have the driving force, and the coordinated development between big / medium cities and small cities would not be achieved. In the urbanization of western region, one important goal is to establish rational systems of cities (or clusters of cities), in which big / medium cities and small cities have their respective roles to play; they are interrelated and coordinated, and thus become a mechanism. The basis and essence of coordination between of cities are the mutual supplementation of resources and coordination between enterprise clusters. If the industries of cities are not mutually supplementary, the functional and cooperative mutual supplementation between cities in a cluster would not be achieved. Therefore, the cluster of enterprises is the foundation of the cluster of cities, while the latter is the carrier of the former. Clustered urbanization with its focus and balance as well as the interaction and coexistence of enterprise cluster and city cluster is a realistic path for the coordinated development of big / medium and small cities in the western region. It is an imperative option for implementing the scientific outlook on development in the western region as well as achieving sound and rapid social and economic development.
The cluster of small and medium enterprises is a worldwide economic phenomenon. It has become a characteristic economic structure in today’s world. The cluster of small and medium enterprises in China is emerging rapidly, which would become a major force in the rapid economic development of China. Thesis in the western region of nurturing the development of clusters of small and medium enterprises made a comprehensive analysis of the feasibility of that the enterprise cluster has absorbed the merits of many development paths and study achievements, and could be widely applied in the western region. Based on the actual situation of the western region, enterprise clusters could be built up gradually in order to give full play to the strengths of the region. Thus, the enterprise cluster could become a foundation for building up city clusters.
The development of small and medium enterprises is the result of needs, elements, supporting industries, social network, cultural tradition and local entrepreneurs with entrepreneurial spirit. The local government has a key role to play in fostering the cluster of small and medium enterprises. Thesis designed to cultivate the regional government in the small and medium enterprises clusters in the process of "diamond model.", put forward suggestions that foster the development of the small and medium enterprises clusters, the establishment of clusters of cities and towns and the development of an interactive mechanism. In the final paper is based on Yu Rong Economic Zone as an example for the empirical analysis.
Thesis use a variety of subjects related to the theory, using theoretical analysis, specification analysis, empirical analysis and comparative analysis of a combination of research methods, based on clusters of small and medium enterprises in the western towns of path to a comprehensive analysis and argument.. The main outcome of the study is to build a regional system of indicators of urbanization, through empirical analysis found the towns of the east and the west of the main gaps between different regions for a comparative analysis of urbanization provides an important basis; Construction of the cities and towns in the western region of the path model, taking clusters and clusters of urban development of the interactive-gathering is to promote urbanization in the western towns of the reality of the path; Construction of the urban in the western region of the path model, taking clusters and clusters of urban development of the interactive-gathering is to promote urbanization in the western towns of the reality of the path; Construction of the advantages of the small and medium enterprises clusters in the western region with the characteristics of the coupled model that clusters in the western region has nurtured the development of the feasibility of a powerful proof of the west-gathering walk the road of urbanization possibility, but also to enrich and improve the business - Group theory; Construction of the regional government in fostering small and medium enterprises in the cluster "diamond model", put forward suggestions that foster the development of the small and medium enterprises clusters, the establishment of clusters of cities and towns and the development of an interactive mechanism.
引文
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