中国木材加工产业集聚的空间格局演变及影响因素研究
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摘要
本论文研究目的在于运用产业集聚理论研究中国木材加工产业集聚的空间格局演变及影响因素。在理论部分,界定了木材加工产业、木材加工产业集聚这两个基本概念,梳理出影响木材加工产业集聚的木材资源禀赋、劳动力市场、科学技术、市场规模、政策环境、交通运输、市场化程度、偶然性因素等八类因素,认为各类因素以外部性、规模经济和降低交易费用为介质作用于木材加工产业集聚。实证部分,从两个维度展开。一是区域空间视角,采用“木材加工产业区际转移”测度方法,研究得出：对木材加工产业总体而言,其趋势是向东北集聚,从南方地区转出,东部地区基本保持平衡,有向西南、西北转入的趋势。但三位数行业呈现各自特点,东北地区是锯材、木片加工业的最主要的集聚地,在全国产品输出占绝对领先地位；人造板制造业在东部地区的集聚优势明显,南方地区转出趋势明显；木制品制造业在东北地区集聚优势明显；南方地区是家具制造业的主要集聚地,但东北地区的集聚快速增强,已成为国内第一大家具产品输出地。二是行业视角,通过不变系数固定效应模型分析,研究发现：总体而言,市场规模对集聚的影响最大,劳动力市场有一定影响但趋于减弱。但三位数行业呈现各自特点,锯材、木片加工业的集聚主要受当地林木资源的支持,同时受到需求市场的拉动；人造板制造业、木制品制造业、木制家具制造业主要受到市场规模的影响,劳动力投入也有一定影响,其它因素作用不显著；随着交通运输条件的改善,木材资源不再是木材加工产业的制约性因素,但是相对低端的产业(如锯材、木片加工业)对木材资源的依赖性在数量模型分析中还是得到了反映。案例分析部分,从现实角度印证了市场与木材资源在木材加工产业集聚中发挥重要作用。最后,本文提出了木材加工产业布局要以市场为导向,高度重视木材资源的培育和获取,充分发挥政府政策导向作用的政策建议。
This research aimed at studying the spatial distribution shifting and influencing factors of wood-processing industry agglomeration in China by theories of industrial agglomeration. In the theoretical part, two basic conceptions including wood-processing industry and wood-processing industry agglomeration were defined, eight factors which affect wood-processing industry agglomeration including timber resource gift, labor market, science and technology, market scale, policies, transport condition and chanciness were picked out and analyzed, and it was argued that these eight factors affect on wood-processing industry agglomeration through externality, economies of scale, and cut-down effect of transaction-cost. In the empirical research part, wood-processing industry agglomeration was studied in two dimensions. For one inspect, by the method of intersectional industrial shift measuring, it was found out that wood-processing industry was agglomerating in the North-east region, moving out from the South region, keeping stable in the East region, tending to move into the South-west and North-west regions. However, three-digit wood-processing industries were respectively quite different from the whole wood-processing industry. Saw-wood and spill-wood processing industries agglomerated mostly in the North-east region.(Men-made) wood-panel processing industry agglomerated mostly in the East region and was moving out from the South region. Woodwork processing industry agglomerated mostly in the North-east region. Furniture processing industry agglomerated mostly in the South region however increased rapidly in the North-east region where had become the main furniture processing industry area. For the other inspect, by the method of founding fixed-coefficient and fixed-affect model, it was found out that market scale was the most important factor that affect the agglomeration of wood-processing industry; labor market was to some extend affect the agglomeration of wood-processing industry, but the affection was on the decline. However, three-digit wood-processing industry was quite different from the whole wood-processing industry respectively. Agglomerations of saw-wood processing and spill-wood processing industries were supported by the local timber resources and pushed strongly by market scale, while agglomerations of men-made wood-processing industry, woodwork processing and furniture processing industries were mostly affected by the market scale and to some extend by the labor market, and other factors even had no observable affection on them. Although timber resources was no longer the restricting factor of wood-processing industry as far as the transportation was on the improvement, it was still found out that lower value-added wood-processing industries depended on timber resources heavily. In the case-study part, it was confirmed that market scale and timber resources played a very important role in the wood-processing industry agglomeration. In the last part, it was suggested that wood-processing industry should be distributed according to the market demand, pay great attention to cultivating and importing of timber resources and strength the function of government orientation.
This research aimed at studying the spatial distribution shifting and influencing factors of wood-processing industry agglomeration in China by theories of industrial agglomeration. In the theoretical part, two basic conceptions including wood-processing industry and wood-processing industry agglomeration were defined, eight factors which affect wood-processing industry agglomeration including timber resource gift, labor market, science and technology, market scale, policies, transport condition and chanciness were picked out and analyzed, and it was argued that these eight factors affect on wood-processing industry agglomeration through externality, economies of scale, and cut-down effect of transaction-cost. In the empirical research part, wood-processing industry agglomeration was studied in two dimensions. For one inspect, by the method of intersectional industrial shift measuring, it was found out that wood-processing industry was agglomerating in the North-east region, moving out from the South region, keeping stable in the East region, tending to move into the South-west and North-west regions. However, three-digit wood-processing industries were respectively quite different from the whole wood-processing industry. Saw-wood and spill-wood processing industries agglomerated mostly in the North-east region.(Men-made) wood-panel processing industry agglomerated mostly in the East region and was moving out from the South region. Woodwork processing industry agglomerated mostly in the North-east region. Furniture processing industry agglomerated mostly in the South region however increased rapidly in the North-east region where had become the main furniture processing industry area. For the other inspect, by the method of founding fixed-coefficient and fixed-affect model, it was found out that market scale was the most important factor that affect the agglomeration of wood-processing industry; labor market was to some extend affect the agglomeration of wood-processing industry, but the affection was on the decline. However, three-digit wood-processing industry was quite different from the whole wood-processing industry respectively. Agglomerations of saw-wood processing and spill-wood processing industries were supported by the local timber resources and pushed strongly by market scale, while agglomerations of men-made wood-processing industry, woodwork processing and furniture processing industries were mostly affected by the market scale and to some extend by the labor market, and other factors even had no observable affection on them. Although timber resources was no longer the restricting factor of wood-processing industry as far as the transportation was on the improvement, it was still found out that lower value-added wood-processing industries depended on timber resources heavily. In the case-study part, it was confirmed that market scale and timber resources played a very important role in the wood-processing industry agglomeration. In the last part, it was suggested that wood-processing industry should be distributed according to the market demand, pay great attention to cultivating and importing of timber resources and strength the function of government orientation.
引文
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