耦合水体流动循环系统的围海造陆区域规划理论与应用研究
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摘要
智者乐水。随着新世纪的到来,始于欧洲13世纪的围海造陆活动正在亚洲尤其是中国以更大规模、更广海域蓬勃开展,业已成为一种造就临海新城市形态的发展趋势,这无疑会更加促进人类福祉的提高。然而纵观世界上多数围海造陆项目,随着时间的推移,海湾属性减弱、环境恶化、海岛消失、湿地功能退化等一系列问题逐渐显现,人类通过用强硬手段改造大海而获得的利益正在被更大的代价所抵消,教训深刻。按照因循自然、天人合一的理念,完善围海造陆区域规划和决策的方法论,对指导大规模围海造陆活动具有现实意义。本文围绕围海造陆项目,提出水体流动循环系统概念并将其耦合到围海造陆区域规划及决策全过程,提出一种可供参考的理论分析方法,推动围海造陆向着可持续的方向发展。
本文主要研究工作及成果如下:
1、通过对不同时期、不同国家、不同目标指向的围海造陆区域历史和现状的回顾与分析,整理和归纳了由于围海造陆所引发的一系列问题,认为引发围海造陆系列问题的主要根源是对水的问题研究不够,亟待开展水体流动循环系统研究、完善围海造陆区域规划理论,耦合水体流动循环系统于围海造陆区域规划及决策全过程。
2、基于水体流动循环系统的概念,对水体流动循环系统的研究对象、理论与设计方法进行了研究探索;以此为基础,探讨将其耦合到围海造陆区域规划及决策过程的定性与定量方法。
3、依照区域规划步骤,从耦合水体流动循环系统的围海造陆区域总体规划角度,分析了水体流动循环系统对围海造陆区域规划的影响;从耦合水体流动循环系统的规划效益分析角度建立了成本估算模型、生态系统价值损害评估模型、土地出让收益估算模型,进而得出效益分析模型;基于水体流动循环成本、生态保护、规划设计合理性、围海造陆经济效益等几个方面,以规划方案的结构和布局形态为切入点,构建了基于模糊思想的围海造陆区域规划方案的多目标多层次综合评价指标体系,建立了耦合水体流动循环系统的围海造陆区域规划多目标决策模型,并采用组合赋权法计算指标权重。
4、根据本文提出的理论方法,针对天津海滨旅游区围海造陆项目,进行了实例研究。计算和应用结果表明,耦合水体流动循环系统的围海造陆区域规划研究方法,能够在围海造陆工程立项决策、规划设计、规划方案决策等方面发挥作用,在解决因围海造陆引发的系列问题方面具有一定的参考价值。
Confucius, the great thinker and scholar, said as early as 500 B.C.: "The wise find pleasure in water." With the advent of the 21st century, the practice of reclaiming land from sea, which originated in Europe in the 13rd century, is widely happening in Asia, specifically in China. Today’s reclamation actually covers much larger sea area and is developing into a popular solution of building a new coastal city. This trend is doubtlessly benefiting the well-being of humankind. Nevertheless, when we study the diversified projects of reclaiming land from sea around the globe, we will easily see that as times goes by a series of problems including less distinctive features of the coast, deteriorating environment, disappearing islands, wetland function degradation and so on will gradually arise and the land has been won at a great cost of living environment. People should really draw lessons from the previous cases in history. Therefore, it would be realistic to take the scientific approach to develop and pursue the philosophy of respecting the features of nature and the harmony between human and nature in improving the methodology of planning and decision-making to guide the large scale activities of reclaiming land from sea. This paper, focused on the projects of reclaiming land from sea, proposes the concept of water circulation system and couples it with the whole process of reclamation planning and decision-making by means of qualitative and quantitative methods, so as to provide an option for theoretical analysis and then promote the sustainable development of projects of reclaiming land from sea. The main studies and results of this paper are as follows.
I. Through reviewing and analyzing the projects of reclaiming land from sea at different time, in different countries and for different purposes, summarizes and categorizes the problems caused by reclamation, illustrates the basic reason for the problems is the lack of study on the issues related to water, and points out that it is imperative to conduct studies of water circulation system, enhance planning theories of reclamation, and couple the water circulation system with the whole process of planning and decision-making.
II. Based on the concept of water circulation system, this paper explores the targets, theories and designs methods of the studies of water circulation system, and furthermore discusses the qualitative and quantitative methods of coupling the system with the whole process of planning and decision-making of reclamation.
III. Following the steps of regional planning, this paper, from the perspective of the general planning of land reclamation coupled with water circulation system, analyzes what impact the system exerts on the planning; and, from the angle of planning effect assessment, this paper proposes a cost estimation model, an eco-environmental damage assessment model, and a land transferring income estimation model and furthermore according to these three models develops a model of analyzing the profit of regional planning concerning land reclamation coupled with water circulation system. Also, considering water circulation cost, environmental protection, feasibility of planning, and profit of reclamation, this paper develops a multi-objective decision-making model for the planning of land reclamation coupled with water circulation system. Based on such features of the multi-objective decision-making model as diversification of objectives, contradictory factors of objectives, and coexistence of qualitative and quantitative indicators, this paper, started from the structure and layout of planning, establishes a multi-objective and multi-level comprehensive evaluation indicator system for planning of the reclamation coupled with water circulation system and uses the combination weighting approach to compute the index weights.
IV. By means of the aforementioned theories and methodology, this paper carries out case studies related to the projects of reclaiming land from sea in Tianjin Haibin Tourism Zone. In light of estimation and application results, the methods of urban planning concerning land reclamation coupled with water circulation system will play their roles in decision-making of initiating reclamation projects, plan designing, and planning-related decision-making and will serve as a reference for solving the problems caused by reclaiming land from sea.
本文主要研究工作及成果如下:
1、通过对不同时期、不同国家、不同目标指向的围海造陆区域历史和现状的回顾与分析,整理和归纳了由于围海造陆所引发的一系列问题,认为引发围海造陆系列问题的主要根源是对水的问题研究不够,亟待开展水体流动循环系统研究、完善围海造陆区域规划理论,耦合水体流动循环系统于围海造陆区域规划及决策全过程。
2、基于水体流动循环系统的概念,对水体流动循环系统的研究对象、理论与设计方法进行了研究探索;以此为基础,探讨将其耦合到围海造陆区域规划及决策过程的定性与定量方法。
3、依照区域规划步骤,从耦合水体流动循环系统的围海造陆区域总体规划角度,分析了水体流动循环系统对围海造陆区域规划的影响;从耦合水体流动循环系统的规划效益分析角度建立了成本估算模型、生态系统价值损害评估模型、土地出让收益估算模型,进而得出效益分析模型;基于水体流动循环成本、生态保护、规划设计合理性、围海造陆经济效益等几个方面,以规划方案的结构和布局形态为切入点,构建了基于模糊思想的围海造陆区域规划方案的多目标多层次综合评价指标体系,建立了耦合水体流动循环系统的围海造陆区域规划多目标决策模型,并采用组合赋权法计算指标权重。
4、根据本文提出的理论方法,针对天津海滨旅游区围海造陆项目,进行了实例研究。计算和应用结果表明,耦合水体流动循环系统的围海造陆区域规划研究方法,能够在围海造陆工程立项决策、规划设计、规划方案决策等方面发挥作用,在解决因围海造陆引发的系列问题方面具有一定的参考价值。
Confucius, the great thinker and scholar, said as early as 500 B.C.: "The wise find pleasure in water." With the advent of the 21st century, the practice of reclaiming land from sea, which originated in Europe in the 13rd century, is widely happening in Asia, specifically in China. Today’s reclamation actually covers much larger sea area and is developing into a popular solution of building a new coastal city. This trend is doubtlessly benefiting the well-being of humankind. Nevertheless, when we study the diversified projects of reclaiming land from sea around the globe, we will easily see that as times goes by a series of problems including less distinctive features of the coast, deteriorating environment, disappearing islands, wetland function degradation and so on will gradually arise and the land has been won at a great cost of living environment. People should really draw lessons from the previous cases in history. Therefore, it would be realistic to take the scientific approach to develop and pursue the philosophy of respecting the features of nature and the harmony between human and nature in improving the methodology of planning and decision-making to guide the large scale activities of reclaiming land from sea. This paper, focused on the projects of reclaiming land from sea, proposes the concept of water circulation system and couples it with the whole process of reclamation planning and decision-making by means of qualitative and quantitative methods, so as to provide an option for theoretical analysis and then promote the sustainable development of projects of reclaiming land from sea. The main studies and results of this paper are as follows.
I. Through reviewing and analyzing the projects of reclaiming land from sea at different time, in different countries and for different purposes, summarizes and categorizes the problems caused by reclamation, illustrates the basic reason for the problems is the lack of study on the issues related to water, and points out that it is imperative to conduct studies of water circulation system, enhance planning theories of reclamation, and couple the water circulation system with the whole process of planning and decision-making.
II. Based on the concept of water circulation system, this paper explores the targets, theories and designs methods of the studies of water circulation system, and furthermore discusses the qualitative and quantitative methods of coupling the system with the whole process of planning and decision-making of reclamation.
III. Following the steps of regional planning, this paper, from the perspective of the general planning of land reclamation coupled with water circulation system, analyzes what impact the system exerts on the planning; and, from the angle of planning effect assessment, this paper proposes a cost estimation model, an eco-environmental damage assessment model, and a land transferring income estimation model and furthermore according to these three models develops a model of analyzing the profit of regional planning concerning land reclamation coupled with water circulation system. Also, considering water circulation cost, environmental protection, feasibility of planning, and profit of reclamation, this paper develops a multi-objective decision-making model for the planning of land reclamation coupled with water circulation system. Based on such features of the multi-objective decision-making model as diversification of objectives, contradictory factors of objectives, and coexistence of qualitative and quantitative indicators, this paper, started from the structure and layout of planning, establishes a multi-objective and multi-level comprehensive evaluation indicator system for planning of the reclamation coupled with water circulation system and uses the combination weighting approach to compute the index weights.
IV. By means of the aforementioned theories and methodology, this paper carries out case studies related to the projects of reclaiming land from sea in Tianjin Haibin Tourism Zone. In light of estimation and application results, the methods of urban planning concerning land reclamation coupled with water circulation system will play their roles in decision-making of initiating reclamation projects, plan designing, and planning-related decision-making and will serve as a reference for solving the problems caused by reclaiming land from sea.
引文
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