自由面附近运动物体流场的数值与试验研究
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摘要
自由面流动是水动力学研究领域中的一个热点和难点问题，发展和完善研究自由面流
动的方法和手段是当今揭示自由面流动特性的关键部分，本文围绕船舶水动力学的主题，
紧跟国际发展热点，立足于自由面附近运动物体流场研究的选题，介绍了笔者对现有研究
自由面问题的数值和试验方法的把握和发展。文中首先对研究自由面流动的各种方法，特
别是数值方法做了较全面的概括，并分析了它们各自的优缺点。接着对VOF方法做了较详
细的分析和介绍。
在学习和继承已有的VOF方法基础上，为了能更精确跟踪自由面的运动和模拟更复
杂的自由面变形，本文中对VOF方法进行了改进。笔者发展了一种基于几何分析的二维自
由面重构算法，这种算法逻辑简单，算法精细，可以达到空间二阶精度；同时提出了新的
压力插值单元的迭代因于，改善了迭代过程的收敛性能，且增强了VOF方法处理复杂自由
面变形的能力；另外在处理流体占体函数F的过程中使用了一种混合式方法，这种方法把
Hirt ＆ Nichols的施主-受主法和拉格朗日斜线段法有机地结合起来，综合了它们的优点，克
服了它们的缺点，能更加精确地捕捉到自由面的运动。
PIV是一种具有全场、瞬时捕捉流场的现代流场测试技术，但它也包含有不可避免的
测量误差和对某一些区域测量的失效，为此本文发展了两种PIV后处理方法：一是PIV和
BEM相结合的算法，它是一种基于边界元方法的CFD—PIV结合的途径，可以很好地修正
PIV的测量结果，减小它们的误差，同时还可以对测量失效区域的流场进行估计，增加流
场信息，在文中它被应用到楔形体入水的PIV测量后处理中，取得了很好的效果；二是基
于流体连续方程的PIV后处理方法，可以成功地解决胶片式PIV测速方向二义性问题，同
时可以微调测量结果，以使他们更接近于连续性约束，这种基于软件方式解决胶片式PIV
测速方向二义性的手段在经济和人力上有很大的节省。
作为VOF方法的应用实例，本文对2D、3D方柱在自由面附近运动的流场做了系统的
数值计算，并给出了计算结果的详细分析评估；同时为对方柱在自由面附近运动流场有更
深的认识和对数值模拟的结果作出评估，还应用PIV测试手段针对带自由面流动模型进行
了试验研究。本文中的计算和试验表明：笔者对VOF方法的改进是有效的，提高了VOF
方法跟踪自由面的精度和模拟复杂自由面的能力；提出的PIV数据后处理方法对于改善测
量结果起到了很大的作用，可以提高PIV数据的精度和提供更丰富的流场信息。
The problem of the free-surface flows is being one of focus and difficulty in hydrodynamics.
The key to discover the character of the free-surface flows depends on developing and perfecting
methods and instruments. This paper introduced the author抯 investigation on the flow field around
a moving body near free surface, especially the author抯 development in both numerical simulation
and experimental measurement. In the paper, Kinds of methods to solve problem of the free-
surface flows were reviewed firstly, their advantage and also the disadvantage were analyzed
respectively, and then the VOF method is introduced in detail.
In order to track the free surface more precisely and simulate the deformation of complex free
surface, the VOF method was improved. The author developed a free surface reconstruction
0
method, the logic of this method was simple, the algorithm with the second order accuracy on
space was proved to be fine. A new iteration factor of the pressure interpolation cell was given out
at the same time, it was able to improve the convergence of iteration, and enhanced the ability to
deal with complex free surface flows. Another a hybrid means of combined suitably Nirth-
Nichols抯 donor-acceptor method and Lagrange line segment method was used to update the
faction F, it was able embody their virtue and overcame their shortcoming, thereby it could track
the free surface more accurately.
The PIV is a technique for measurement of whole, instantaneous fields of velocity, but it
contains experimental errors inevitably and maybe some data is false. To ease up these, two post-
processing methods of PLV were developed in this paper. One is a method of combining Ply and
BEM, it combine CFD and PIV through the boundary cell method, could be used to correct the
PIV data, reduce measurement errors, and estimate velocity at invalid measurement points. A good
result was obtained when it was applied to process the data in flow field measurement of water
entry of wedge-body. The other is a post-processing means based on continuity equation of fluid. It
could settle the directional ambiguity in film PIV, and could correct the measurement data to be
more close to continuity restriction. This software-based method to solve the directional ambiguity
problem could reduce the spending on finance and labor.
The 2D and 3D flow fields around square column moving near free surface were simulated by
the improved VOF method. The calculated results were analyzed in detailed. In order to
understand further the flow fields and evaluate simulated result, the flow fields around square
column move near free surface were measured by PIV. The results of calculation and experiment
indicated that the improvement for VOF method and the means for post-processing of PIV in this
paper were effective.
动的方法和手段是当今揭示自由面流动特性的关键部分，本文围绕船舶水动力学的主题，
紧跟国际发展热点，立足于自由面附近运动物体流场研究的选题，介绍了笔者对现有研究
自由面问题的数值和试验方法的把握和发展。文中首先对研究自由面流动的各种方法，特
别是数值方法做了较全面的概括，并分析了它们各自的优缺点。接着对VOF方法做了较详
细的分析和介绍。
在学习和继承已有的VOF方法基础上，为了能更精确跟踪自由面的运动和模拟更复
杂的自由面变形，本文中对VOF方法进行了改进。笔者发展了一种基于几何分析的二维自
由面重构算法，这种算法逻辑简单，算法精细，可以达到空间二阶精度；同时提出了新的
压力插值单元的迭代因于，改善了迭代过程的收敛性能，且增强了VOF方法处理复杂自由
面变形的能力；另外在处理流体占体函数F的过程中使用了一种混合式方法，这种方法把
Hirt ＆ Nichols的施主-受主法和拉格朗日斜线段法有机地结合起来，综合了它们的优点，克
服了它们的缺点，能更加精确地捕捉到自由面的运动。
PIV是一种具有全场、瞬时捕捉流场的现代流场测试技术，但它也包含有不可避免的
测量误差和对某一些区域测量的失效，为此本文发展了两种PIV后处理方法：一是PIV和
BEM相结合的算法，它是一种基于边界元方法的CFD—PIV结合的途径，可以很好地修正
PIV的测量结果，减小它们的误差，同时还可以对测量失效区域的流场进行估计，增加流
场信息，在文中它被应用到楔形体入水的PIV测量后处理中，取得了很好的效果；二是基
于流体连续方程的PIV后处理方法，可以成功地解决胶片式PIV测速方向二义性问题，同
时可以微调测量结果，以使他们更接近于连续性约束，这种基于软件方式解决胶片式PIV
测速方向二义性的手段在经济和人力上有很大的节省。
作为VOF方法的应用实例，本文对2D、3D方柱在自由面附近运动的流场做了系统的
数值计算，并给出了计算结果的详细分析评估；同时为对方柱在自由面附近运动流场有更
深的认识和对数值模拟的结果作出评估，还应用PIV测试手段针对带自由面流动模型进行
了试验研究。本文中的计算和试验表明：笔者对VOF方法的改进是有效的，提高了VOF
方法跟踪自由面的精度和模拟复杂自由面的能力；提出的PIV数据后处理方法对于改善测
量结果起到了很大的作用，可以提高PIV数据的精度和提供更丰富的流场信息。
The problem of the free-surface flows is being one of focus and difficulty in hydrodynamics.
The key to discover the character of the free-surface flows depends on developing and perfecting
methods and instruments. This paper introduced the author抯 investigation on the flow field around
a moving body near free surface, especially the author抯 development in both numerical simulation
and experimental measurement. In the paper, Kinds of methods to solve problem of the free-
surface flows were reviewed firstly, their advantage and also the disadvantage were analyzed
respectively, and then the VOF method is introduced in detail.
In order to track the free surface more precisely and simulate the deformation of complex free
surface, the VOF method was improved. The author developed a free surface reconstruction
0
method, the logic of this method was simple, the algorithm with the second order accuracy on
space was proved to be fine. A new iteration factor of the pressure interpolation cell was given out
at the same time, it was able to improve the convergence of iteration, and enhanced the ability to
deal with complex free surface flows. Another a hybrid means of combined suitably Nirth-
Nichols抯 donor-acceptor method and Lagrange line segment method was used to update the
faction F, it was able embody their virtue and overcame their shortcoming, thereby it could track
the free surface more accurately.
The PIV is a technique for measurement of whole, instantaneous fields of velocity, but it
contains experimental errors inevitably and maybe some data is false. To ease up these, two post-
processing methods of PLV were developed in this paper. One is a method of combining Ply and
BEM, it combine CFD and PIV through the boundary cell method, could be used to correct the
PIV data, reduce measurement errors, and estimate velocity at invalid measurement points. A good
result was obtained when it was applied to process the data in flow field measurement of water
entry of wedge-body. The other is a post-processing means based on continuity equation of fluid. It
could settle the directional ambiguity in film PIV, and could correct the measurement data to be
more close to continuity restriction. This software-based method to solve the directional ambiguity
problem could reduce the spending on finance and labor.
The 2D and 3D flow fields around square column moving near free surface were simulated by
the improved VOF method. The calculated results were analyzed in detailed. In order to
understand further the flow fields and evaluate simulated result, the flow fields around square
column move near free surface were measured by PIV. The results of calculation and experiment
indicated that the improvement for VOF method and the means for post-processing of PIV in this
paper were effective.
引文
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