武汉地区建立大学生就业指数系统的调研分析
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摘要
近年来，武汉地区高校本科毕业生就业形势呈现出下滑的趋势，其中理工科类中以前最热门的专业如计算机、通讯等专业就业形势严峻，文科类如金融、贸易、财会等专业同样遭遇“就业冬季”。面对这种情况，武汉市人事局通过多方调研，联合有关专家在武汉范围内推出“大学生就业指数”系统，旨在提供及时、完整、准确、定量化和具有前瞻性的就业信息。本文根据“大学生就业指数”系统对武汉地区近年来高校本科毕业生进行了全面而系统的研究，分析近年来本科毕业生就业率下降、就业质量不高及就业缺口增大的原因，并提出初步的解决方案，以期望对加强教育工作、政府工作、社会工作以及提高毕业生本人竞争力有所借鉴。
文章开始对建立大学生就业指数系统的必要性和可行性进行了分析，其中首先对大学生就业指数系统的含义和作用进行了解析，并在此基础上将大学生就业指数系统与国内外存在的有关同类研究的成果进行了比较，提出了武汉地区大学生就业指数系统的创新之处；其次对于武汉地区大学生就业指数系统的理论基础和建立方法进行了全面的介绍。
全文的核心部分是对武汉地区毕业本科生近年来就业情况的动态变化研究。利用大学生就业指数系统，通过对就业率指数、就业质量指数以及就业缺口指数的研究，可以全面的了解武汉地区近年来本科毕业生就业情况的变化，即近年来本科毕业生就业率下降、就业质量下降以及就业缺口增加，并且分析了造成这些现象的内在原因。这些现象并不是某一单方面的原因造成的，而是多个原因的综合反映，要想真正的改善目前本科毕业生就业难的局面，政府、学校、社会及毕业生本身都必须不断的进行完善，以期达到社会需求与人才供应的协调与平衡，所以在文章的最后，提出了关于教育体制、政府工作以及人才市场系统改革的方案措施。
In recent years,the employment circumstance of undergraduate course graduate in Wuhan'tall school trend to drop, including some pop specialties of science and engineering section, such as calculator, communication...etc. their employment situation is rigorous, some specialties of liberal arts such as economy, commerce , counting ect also meet with "employment winter". Under this kind of circumstance, the personnel bureau of Wuhan City associated with relevant experts founds" university student employment coefficient" system within the scope of Wuhan based on many kinds of research, the purpose is to provide employment information on time, completely, accurately, the fixed amount and with forward-looking. The article has the whole and systemic study about the employment circumstance of undergraduate course graduate among recent years in Wuhan area, and analyses the reasons of the drop of undergraduate course graduate's employment rate,the lowness of undergraduate course graduate's employment quality and the i
ncrescent of undergraduate course graduate's employment gap. The article also brings forward some primary precepts. The author hopes that the article is propitious to strengthen education work, government work, society work and enhance the competition ability of graduate themselves.
At the beginning, the article analyses the necessary and feasibility of founding university student employment coefficient system. At first ,the article explain the meanings and effects of university student employment coefficient system, and compare the difference between this system and relate fruit inside and outside country. The article also puts forward the innovation of this system. Next, the article introduces completely about the system's theory base and based method.
The hardcore of the article is about the dynamic change research of the employment circumstance of undergraduate course graduate in Wuhan area recent years. Using this system, wo can know t the dynamic change research of
the employment circumstance of undergraduate course graduate in Wuhan area recent years through the research of employment rate, employment quality and employment gap, namely the drop of undergraduate course graduate's employment rate,the lowness of undergraduate course graduate's employment quality and the increscent of undergraduate course graduate's employment gap in recent years. The article also analyses the reasons of those phenomenon. Those reasons of those phenomenon are not unilateral, the reasons are compositive. If we want to solve the problem indeed, government, school, society and graduate student himself must consummate continuously., so in the end of the article, the author puts forward some reform methods about educate system,government work and the market system.
文章开始对建立大学生就业指数系统的必要性和可行性进行了分析，其中首先对大学生就业指数系统的含义和作用进行了解析，并在此基础上将大学生就业指数系统与国内外存在的有关同类研究的成果进行了比较，提出了武汉地区大学生就业指数系统的创新之处；其次对于武汉地区大学生就业指数系统的理论基础和建立方法进行了全面的介绍。
全文的核心部分是对武汉地区毕业本科生近年来就业情况的动态变化研究。利用大学生就业指数系统，通过对就业率指数、就业质量指数以及就业缺口指数的研究，可以全面的了解武汉地区近年来本科毕业生就业情况的变化，即近年来本科毕业生就业率下降、就业质量下降以及就业缺口增加，并且分析了造成这些现象的内在原因。这些现象并不是某一单方面的原因造成的，而是多个原因的综合反映，要想真正的改善目前本科毕业生就业难的局面，政府、学校、社会及毕业生本身都必须不断的进行完善，以期达到社会需求与人才供应的协调与平衡，所以在文章的最后，提出了关于教育体制、政府工作以及人才市场系统改革的方案措施。
In recent years,the employment circumstance of undergraduate course graduate in Wuhan'tall school trend to drop, including some pop specialties of science and engineering section, such as calculator, communication...etc. their employment situation is rigorous, some specialties of liberal arts such as economy, commerce , counting ect also meet with "employment winter". Under this kind of circumstance, the personnel bureau of Wuhan City associated with relevant experts founds" university student employment coefficient" system within the scope of Wuhan based on many kinds of research, the purpose is to provide employment information on time, completely, accurately, the fixed amount and with forward-looking. The article has the whole and systemic study about the employment circumstance of undergraduate course graduate among recent years in Wuhan area, and analyses the reasons of the drop of undergraduate course graduate's employment rate,the lowness of undergraduate course graduate's employment quality and the i
ncrescent of undergraduate course graduate's employment gap. The article also brings forward some primary precepts. The author hopes that the article is propitious to strengthen education work, government work, society work and enhance the competition ability of graduate themselves.
At the beginning, the article analyses the necessary and feasibility of founding university student employment coefficient system. At first ,the article explain the meanings and effects of university student employment coefficient system, and compare the difference between this system and relate fruit inside and outside country. The article also puts forward the innovation of this system. Next, the article introduces completely about the system's theory base and based method.
The hardcore of the article is about the dynamic change research of the employment circumstance of undergraduate course graduate in Wuhan area recent years. Using this system, wo can know t the dynamic change research of
the employment circumstance of undergraduate course graduate in Wuhan area recent years through the research of employment rate, employment quality and employment gap, namely the drop of undergraduate course graduate's employment rate,the lowness of undergraduate course graduate's employment quality and the increscent of undergraduate course graduate's employment gap in recent years. The article also analyses the reasons of those phenomenon. Those reasons of those phenomenon are not unilateral, the reasons are compositive. If we want to solve the problem indeed, government, school, society and graduate student himself must consummate continuously., so in the end of the article, the author puts forward some reform methods about educate system,government work and the market system.
引文
[1] 陈犁明，就业指南针，北京：中国国际广播出版社，2000。
[2] 陈希孺，高等数理统计，中国科学技术大学出版社，1999。
[3] 陈希，认清当前，形势做好毕业生就业工作，北京：中国高等教育，2000(6)
[4] 常根发，市场职位化：高校毕业生就业率提高的新策略，南京化工大学学报，2001年第三期。
[5] 邹强进，中国高等教育市场营销战略初探，上海教育发展研究，1999(8)。
[6] 卢荣远等，职业心理与职业辅导，人民教育出版社，1996。
[7] 王贤国，大学生择业社会需求与学校对策，大连大学学报，2001第六期。
[8] 中国统计年鉴，中国统计局，2000—2002。
[9] 武汉统计年鉴，武汉统计局，2000—2002。
[10] 普通高等学校本科专业目录，国家教育部，2002
[11] 李志仁，大学毕业生就业难，中国人力资源开发。
[12] 罗润东，张灿等，论奥肯定律在中国经济转轨条件下的扩展，延边大学学报，1999年第一期。
[13] 邹薇，中国经济对奥肯定律的偏离与失业问题研究，世界经济，2003年第六期。
[14] 钟明，对大学生就业指导工作的几点思考，嘉应大学学报，2000年8月。
[15] 周大平，给大学毕业生提供一个就业市场，嘹望，2000年第51期。
[16] 翟振元，新形势新思路对高校毕业生就业体制改革的一些思考，中国教育报，2000年2月6日。
[17] 魏俊荣，提高毕业生就业率的策略，就业大市场，2000，11。
[18] 粟时伟，大学生自我推销的能力分析与训练，重庆师专学报，1999年6月。
[19] 杨葆等，教育经济学新论，南京：江苏教育出版社，1998
[2] 陈希孺，高等数理统计，中国科学技术大学出版社，1999。
[3] 陈希，认清当前，形势做好毕业生就业工作，北京：中国高等教育，2000(6)
[4] 常根发，市场职位化：高校毕业生就业率提高的新策略，南京化工大学学报，2001年第三期。
[5] 邹强进，中国高等教育市场营销战略初探，上海教育发展研究，1999(8)。
[6] 卢荣远等，职业心理与职业辅导，人民教育出版社，1996。
[7] 王贤国，大学生择业社会需求与学校对策，大连大学学报，2001第六期。
[8] 中国统计年鉴，中国统计局，2000—2002。
[9] 武汉统计年鉴，武汉统计局，2000—2002。
[10] 普通高等学校本科专业目录，国家教育部，2002
[11] 李志仁，大学毕业生就业难，中国人力资源开发。
[12] 罗润东，张灿等，论奥肯定律在中国经济转轨条件下的扩展，延边大学学报，1999年第一期。
[13] 邹薇，中国经济对奥肯定律的偏离与失业问题研究，世界经济，2003年第六期。
[14] 钟明，对大学生就业指导工作的几点思考，嘉应大学学报，2000年8月。
[15] 周大平，给大学毕业生提供一个就业市场，嘹望，2000年第51期。
[16] 翟振元，新形势新思路对高校毕业生就业体制改革的一些思考，中国教育报，2000年2月6日。
[17] 魏俊荣，提高毕业生就业率的策略，就业大市场，2000，11。
[18] 粟时伟，大学生自我推销的能力分析与训练，重庆师专学报，1999年6月。
[19] 杨葆等，教育经济学新论，南京：江苏教育出版社，1998