大型铁路客运站综合交通衔接规划研究
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摘要
目前,我国铁路建设目前正面临一个巨大的发展时期,铁路客运站的面貌也焕然一新。由过去所承担的铁路旅客运输单一功能转变为与多种交通方式衔接的综合换乘单元。特别是大型客运站其在城市中已经不是一个孤立建筑,而成为城市交通的重要组成部分,朝着城市副中心方向发展。
铁路客运站是伴随铁路旅客运输的诞生而产生的,一百多年来,随着铁路的发展铁路客运站的形式及功能不断变化。经过分析可知,从功能上,客运站特别是大型铁路客运站也由原来单一的承担铁路运输的站房功能,转变为现在的担负城市多种交通形态之间相互快速转换的多种功能。随着城市轨道交通、城市公交、出租车、私家车等交通的引入,其结构形式上也不只紧紧满足铁路旅客出行,而是综合考虑如何使各种交通的衔接流畅,以保证客运站综合交通衔接系统功能的实现。
随着各种交通方式的引入到大型铁路客运站,铁路车站客流特点也更为复杂。本文经分析将客流分为两类：铁路以及其他交通方式吸引的客流；客运站周边地区吸引的客流。客流预测思路上总体把握城市客流总量,结合铁路分担得出铁路吸引客流量。换乘量预测考虑到两种交通方式换乘即两种交通方式的吸引量,考虑引用重力模型的思想进行预测。
在前面研究及客流分析的基础上,论文对大型铁路客运站综合换乘系统运能协调匹配、运营时间的衔接、车站布局、流线组织、客运站周边路网规划及交通组织研究。文章的最后结合实例对大型铁路客运站衔接规划理论进行了分析。
Recent years,the Chinese Railway Construction confronted with a huge developing period,and the Railway Passenger Station outlook are changed to a new look,which converting from single railway passenger transportation station into multi-transportation modes comprehensive transfer unit,specifically to the large scale railway station,which is no longer a "isolated building",but an important part of the city transportation, and growing into the urban sub-center.
Railway Passenger station arose from the railway passenger transportation, for more than 100 years,the forms and functions of Railway Passenger station changed constantly according to the development of railway. For functions,the station converted from the original-single function:railway transportation station-building into modern-multi-function: urban multi-transport modes rapid connecting. For forms,with the entering of urban railway transport,public transport,taxi,private transport and etc. into urban transportation system, the station not only to satisfy railway passengers traveling demand, but also the various travel demands of the passengers in station area with consideration about the comprehensive transport mode fluent connecting.
Multi-transport modes result in more complex of railway station passenger flow. After analysis,this paper classified the passenger flow into two types:(i) passenger flow attracted by railway and other transport modes;(ii) passenger flow attracted by railway station surrounding area. Passenger flow forecast was conducted in the light of considering urban overall passenger flow volume,combined with the railway as the partaker,to obtain the passenger flow volume which attracted by railway. And the transfer passenger flow forecast was conducted with consideration of passenger flow volume which are attracted by two types of transport modes when two transport modes connecting occurs,and applied the gravity models.
Fore the foundation of the research and passenger flows analysis up,the thesis studied on large-scale passengers railway station about the coordination and match of transport capacity, the combination of circulate time,station layout,streamline organization,the surrounding road network planning and research on traffic organization of passenger station.
铁路客运站是伴随铁路旅客运输的诞生而产生的,一百多年来,随着铁路的发展铁路客运站的形式及功能不断变化。经过分析可知,从功能上,客运站特别是大型铁路客运站也由原来单一的承担铁路运输的站房功能,转变为现在的担负城市多种交通形态之间相互快速转换的多种功能。随着城市轨道交通、城市公交、出租车、私家车等交通的引入,其结构形式上也不只紧紧满足铁路旅客出行,而是综合考虑如何使各种交通的衔接流畅,以保证客运站综合交通衔接系统功能的实现。
随着各种交通方式的引入到大型铁路客运站,铁路车站客流特点也更为复杂。本文经分析将客流分为两类：铁路以及其他交通方式吸引的客流；客运站周边地区吸引的客流。客流预测思路上总体把握城市客流总量,结合铁路分担得出铁路吸引客流量。换乘量预测考虑到两种交通方式换乘即两种交通方式的吸引量,考虑引用重力模型的思想进行预测。
在前面研究及客流分析的基础上,论文对大型铁路客运站综合换乘系统运能协调匹配、运营时间的衔接、车站布局、流线组织、客运站周边路网规划及交通组织研究。文章的最后结合实例对大型铁路客运站衔接规划理论进行了分析。
Recent years,the Chinese Railway Construction confronted with a huge developing period,and the Railway Passenger Station outlook are changed to a new look,which converting from single railway passenger transportation station into multi-transportation modes comprehensive transfer unit,specifically to the large scale railway station,which is no longer a "isolated building",but an important part of the city transportation, and growing into the urban sub-center.
Railway Passenger station arose from the railway passenger transportation, for more than 100 years,the forms and functions of Railway Passenger station changed constantly according to the development of railway. For functions,the station converted from the original-single function:railway transportation station-building into modern-multi-function: urban multi-transport modes rapid connecting. For forms,with the entering of urban railway transport,public transport,taxi,private transport and etc. into urban transportation system, the station not only to satisfy railway passengers traveling demand, but also the various travel demands of the passengers in station area with consideration about the comprehensive transport mode fluent connecting.
Multi-transport modes result in more complex of railway station passenger flow. After analysis,this paper classified the passenger flow into two types:(i) passenger flow attracted by railway and other transport modes;(ii) passenger flow attracted by railway station surrounding area. Passenger flow forecast was conducted in the light of considering urban overall passenger flow volume,combined with the railway as the partaker,to obtain the passenger flow volume which attracted by railway. And the transfer passenger flow forecast was conducted with consideration of passenger flow volume which are attracted by two types of transport modes when two transport modes connecting occurs,and applied the gravity models.
Fore the foundation of the research and passenger flows analysis up,the thesis studied on large-scale passengers railway station about the coordination and match of transport capacity, the combination of circulate time,station layout,streamline organization,the surrounding road network planning and research on traffic organization of passenger station.
引文
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[2]陆锡明.综合交通规划.同济大学出版社,2003.4
[3]王令.武广高速铁路新长沙站交通衔接规划研究.长沙理工大学硕士学位论文,2009.5
[4]加藤·晃.竹内传史.城市交通和城市规划[M].南昌：江西省城市规划研究所译,1979
[5]杨佩昆.境外综合交通运输的换乘系统.城市公共交通.1999(1)：2-4
[6]中华人民共和国铁道部.中长期铁路网规划,2008
[7]陈大伟.大城市对外客运枢纽规划与设计理论研究.东南大学博士学位论文,2006.11
[8]张玉彪.高速铁路车站片区交通衔接规划研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.12
[9]王国辉.铁路客运枢纽站与城市交通的衔接与协调研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.11
[10]刘志军.铁路旅客车站设计指南.北京：中国铁道出版社,2006.3
[11]Gail Swerling.Railway stations from the gare de l'est to penn station. Hong Kong:Electa Architecture Mondadori Electa S.p.A, Milano.2005
[12]Peter Midgley. Urban Transport Programs Ingredients for Success. Sustainable Multi-Modal Transportation for Chinese Cities.2003
[13]Boris S.Pushkarev, Jeffrey M.Zupan&Robat S.Cumella.Urban Rail in America.Indiana University Press, Bloomington,1982
[14]Geoffrey Thornton.Dunedin Railway Station. The New Zealand Railway Observer.2007,5
[15]Setti, Jose Reynaldo, Hutchinson, Bruce GPassenger-terminal simulation model.Houmal of Transportation Engineering,1994
[16]Brian Edwards.The Modern Station-New approaches to railway architecture [M].Oxford:E&FN Spon,1997
[17]Julian Ross.Railway station:planning, design, and management[M].Boston:Architectural Press, 2000
[18]Steven Parissien.Station to Station[M], London:Phaidon,1997
[19]EU Commission.The Modern Station New Approaches to railway architecture.London:E&FN Spon, 1997
[20]Sumio INOUE, Kazunori TSUDA.Development of JR Osaka Station and Its Vicinities. Japanese Railway Engineering,2009 No.2
[21]董晓晶,张复合.中国近代铁路客运站房建筑发展概略.中国近代建筑史国际研讨会.2008.10
[22]邱丽丽,顾保南.国外典型综合交通布局设计实例剖析.城市轨道交通.2006(3)：55-59
[23]彭蓉.新时期我国铁路客站发展方向初探.内蒙古科技与经济,2008(8)：94-95
[24]杨宇.城际铁路新建客运站研究.铁道工程学报,2007(10)：65-68
[25]张国伍.交通运输系统分析.成都：西南交通大学出版社,2004.12
[26]陆锡明.综合交通规划.上海：同济大学出版社,2003.4
[27]郑健等著.中国当代铁路客站设计理论探索.北京：人民交通出版社,2009.2
[28]车丽彬.公共交通换乘枢纽的规划设计理论与技术方法研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文,1999.6
[29]王腾,卢济威.火车站综合体与城市催化—以上海南站为例.城市规划学刊,2006
[30]吴家豪.国外铁路枢纽.北京：中国铁道出版社,1991.5
[31]邬琦夫.新型铁路交通枢纽换乘复合体研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.6
[32]焦双健,魏巍.城市对外交通.化学工业出版社,2005.6
[33]朱照宏,杨东援等.城市群交通规划.上海：同济大学出版社,2007.1
[34]杜文.旅客运输组织.成都：西南交通大学出版社,2008.1
[35]钟承霞.论城市铁路客站的一体化设计理念.浙江建筑,2001(6)：5-7
[36]郭峰.城市综合交通枢纽的衔接换乘研究.华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2004.5
[37]郑明远.轨道交通时代的城市开发.北京：中国铁道出版社,2006.3
[38]金键,欧筑新等.城市轨道交通管理体系规划理论方法与应用.西安：西北工业大学出版社,2007
[39]葛亮等.城市客运换乘枢纽规划及设计方法研究.规划师,2004.10
[40]孙青梅.铁路旅客换乘相关问题研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.6
[41]黄伟.综合交通枢纽的客流预测分析.城市交通,2004.8
[42]张发才.铁路客运与城市交通运营组织衔接研究.东南大学硕士学位论文,2006.3
[43]王炜等.城市交通规划.南京：东南大学出版社,2000.7
[44]王甦男.旅客运输(M).北京：中国铁道出版社,2003.2
[45]邵春福.交通规划原理.北京：中国铁道出版社,2004.4
[46]徐循初.城市道路与交通规划.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2007年
[47]胡列格等.交通枢纽与港站.北京：人民交通出版社,2003.9
[48]陈方红,罗霞.沙河堡综合客运枢纽换乘系统研究.铁道运输与经济.2007.8
[49]陆化普.交通规划理论与方法.北京：清华大学出版社,2006,12
[50]姚凤金.旅客综合枢纽运输协调理论研究.北京交通大学博士学位论文,2007
[51]陆化普.城市轨道交通规划的研究与实践.中国水利水电出版社,2001,24-26
[52]李艳红等.铁路客运专线中心站与城市交通集散能力匹配关系的研究关.交通科技,2006,6
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[54]同济大学城市规划教研室著.铁路旅客站广场规划设计.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1981
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