甘薯若干矿物质营养元素含量的基因型差异及其环境效应
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摘要
甘薯(Ipomoea batatas Lam.)是一种重要的粮食、饲料和工业加工原料作物，也是补充人体所需有益矿物质元素的重要食物源。本研究采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)着重研究了21个甘薯品种(系)5个试点的矿物质营养元素铁、锌、钙和硒的含量，探讨了钾肥对甘薯铁、锌、钙和硒吸收的影响效应，并对主栽品种徐18不同部位矿物质营养元素含量进行了分析。其主要结果如下：
1．甘薯中矿物质营养元素铁、锌、钙和硒含量平均含量分别为38.97、49.02、889.70、0.1472mg／kg(干基)，相应的变幅依次为1.97～167.86、11.68～245.40、37.63～1925.6和0.01～0.51 mg／kg(干基)。
2．对不同肉色甘薯矿物质营养元素含量分析发现，红黄心品种的铁、锌和硒含量普遍高于白心品种，而钙含量则以红心品种最高，白心种次之，黄心种最低。但显著性测验结果表明，不同肉色甘薯类型间这四种矿物质元素含量的差异没有达到显著水平。说明甘薯铁、锌、钙、硒含量不受甘薯肉色类型的显著影响。
3．不同干率甘薯类型铁、锌、钙和硒含量有一定差异。低干品种铁、锌和钙含量普遍高于中干和高干品种。统计结果表明，除铁含量以外，锌和钙含量在低干和中高干之间差异达到显著水平。
4．对不同熟性甘薯矿物质营养元素含量分析发现，甘薯铁元素含量中熟品种普遍较高，但中熟和晚熟品种锌和钙元素含量要高于早熟品种。显著性分析表明，不同熟性间铁和硒含量差异不显著。
5．甘薯是喜钾作物，本研究发现，钾不仅对甘薯有着独特的增产效应，而且还可促进甘薯对铁、锌和钙的吸收。
6．通过对徐18品种叶、叶柄、茎和块根中的铁、锌、钙和硒含量的分析发现，叶片和叶柄中铁含量要显著高于茎和块根，地上各部分的铁含量要显著高于块根。徐18叶片中的锌含量最高，显著高于其它各部分，块根中的锌含量最低，与其它部分差异明显。地上部钙含量也显著高于块根。硒元素的分布也有类似趋势。此外，对甘薯块根薯皮和薯心中铁、锌和钙含量分别分析发现，薯皮中这三种元素的含量均显著高于薯心。
甘薯若干矿物质营养元素合量的基因型差异友其抹境致应
7.对21个品种(系)5个地点种植的甘薯矿物质营养元素铁、锌和钙的AMMI
模型分析结果表明，锌和钙含量的基因型、环境以及基因型与环境互作均方均达
到极显著水平。铁含量的基因型以及基因型与环境互作达到极显著水平。双标图
(b ipfot)分析结果进一步明确了不同甘薯品种(系)铁、锌和钙含量对不同地
点的适应性和不同地点对不同品种的鉴别力。甘薯矿物质营养元素的基因型环境
互作效应分析，有利于甘薯合理区划种植，对推动优质高效农业的发展有重要作
用。
Sweetpotato, which contains large quantity of Iron(Fe), Zinc(Zn), Calcium(Ca) and Selenium(Se), is one of the principal food sources to supply the lack of favorable elements in human body. The Fe, Zn, Ca and Se contents in the storage roots of 21 different varieties of sweetpotato were determined by ICP-OES (The IRIS/AP Optical Emission Spectrometer). The contents of four mineral nutritional elements in sweetpotato under different potasium fertilization were also studied. Meanwhile, the distribution of the four mineral nutritional elements in sweetpotato plant and storage roots was identified. The main results were as follows:
1. The average contents of Fe, Zn, Ca and Se in sweetpotato storage roots were 38.97, 49.02, 889.70,0.1472mg/kg (dry base) respectively, and their ranges were 1.97-167.86, 11.68-245.40, 37.63-1925.6 and 0.0100-0.5142 mg/kg (dry base).
2. There were no significant differences in these four mineral contents among genotypes with different flesh color types. In general, the Fe, Zn and Se contents in orange and yellow type were higher than that of white type. The Ca content of orange type was the highest among all genotypes.
3. There were marked differences in the Zn and Ca contents among genotypes with different dry matter content types. The Fe, Zn and Ca contents in low dry matter content types were higher than that of intermediary and high types.
4. Significant differences in Fe, Zn and Ca contents of sweetpotato were observed among different growing period types. The Fe content of intermediary maturing types was the highest among all types. The Zn and Ca contents in intermediary and late maturing types are conspicuously higher than that of early maturing types. However, there is no marked difference of Se content between different growing period types.
5. The Fe, Zn and Ca contents were influenced by the potassium fertilization.
The Fe, Zn and Ca contents of the storage roots with potassium application were higher than that with non-potassium application. Moreover, the Fe, Zn and Ca contents in the storage roots increased with increase in the potassium application.
6. Fe, Zn and Ca contents in the leaves and petioles were found to be much higher than that in other parts. Moreover, the Fe, Zn and Ca contents in the cortexes of storage roots were notably higher than that in the piths.
7. The results of analysis by AMMI model showed that the genotype effect, environment effect and genotype X environment interaction effect in Zn and Ca contents of the storage roots reached the conspicuous level, and the genotype effect and genotype X environment interaction effect in Fe content reached the significent level. The results of biplot analysis indicated the stability and adaptability of these three elements in different varieties, the discriminability of locations were also exhibited.
1．甘薯中矿物质营养元素铁、锌、钙和硒含量平均含量分别为38.97、49.02、889.70、0.1472mg／kg(干基)，相应的变幅依次为1.97～167.86、11.68～245.40、37.63～1925.6和0.01～0.51 mg／kg(干基)。
2．对不同肉色甘薯矿物质营养元素含量分析发现，红黄心品种的铁、锌和硒含量普遍高于白心品种，而钙含量则以红心品种最高，白心种次之，黄心种最低。但显著性测验结果表明，不同肉色甘薯类型间这四种矿物质元素含量的差异没有达到显著水平。说明甘薯铁、锌、钙、硒含量不受甘薯肉色类型的显著影响。
3．不同干率甘薯类型铁、锌、钙和硒含量有一定差异。低干品种铁、锌和钙含量普遍高于中干和高干品种。统计结果表明，除铁含量以外，锌和钙含量在低干和中高干之间差异达到显著水平。
4．对不同熟性甘薯矿物质营养元素含量分析发现，甘薯铁元素含量中熟品种普遍较高，但中熟和晚熟品种锌和钙元素含量要高于早熟品种。显著性分析表明，不同熟性间铁和硒含量差异不显著。
5．甘薯是喜钾作物，本研究发现，钾不仅对甘薯有着独特的增产效应，而且还可促进甘薯对铁、锌和钙的吸收。
6．通过对徐18品种叶、叶柄、茎和块根中的铁、锌、钙和硒含量的分析发现，叶片和叶柄中铁含量要显著高于茎和块根，地上各部分的铁含量要显著高于块根。徐18叶片中的锌含量最高，显著高于其它各部分，块根中的锌含量最低，与其它部分差异明显。地上部钙含量也显著高于块根。硒元素的分布也有类似趋势。此外，对甘薯块根薯皮和薯心中铁、锌和钙含量分别分析发现，薯皮中这三种元素的含量均显著高于薯心。
甘薯若干矿物质营养元素合量的基因型差异友其抹境致应
7.对21个品种(系)5个地点种植的甘薯矿物质营养元素铁、锌和钙的AMMI
模型分析结果表明，锌和钙含量的基因型、环境以及基因型与环境互作均方均达
到极显著水平。铁含量的基因型以及基因型与环境互作达到极显著水平。双标图
(b ipfot)分析结果进一步明确了不同甘薯品种(系)铁、锌和钙含量对不同地
点的适应性和不同地点对不同品种的鉴别力。甘薯矿物质营养元素的基因型环境
互作效应分析，有利于甘薯合理区划种植，对推动优质高效农业的发展有重要作
用。
Sweetpotato, which contains large quantity of Iron(Fe), Zinc(Zn), Calcium(Ca) and Selenium(Se), is one of the principal food sources to supply the lack of favorable elements in human body. The Fe, Zn, Ca and Se contents in the storage roots of 21 different varieties of sweetpotato were determined by ICP-OES (The IRIS/AP Optical Emission Spectrometer). The contents of four mineral nutritional elements in sweetpotato under different potasium fertilization were also studied. Meanwhile, the distribution of the four mineral nutritional elements in sweetpotato plant and storage roots was identified. The main results were as follows:
1. The average contents of Fe, Zn, Ca and Se in sweetpotato storage roots were 38.97, 49.02, 889.70,0.1472mg/kg (dry base) respectively, and their ranges were 1.97-167.86, 11.68-245.40, 37.63-1925.6 and 0.0100-0.5142 mg/kg (dry base).
2. There were no significant differences in these four mineral contents among genotypes with different flesh color types. In general, the Fe, Zn and Se contents in orange and yellow type were higher than that of white type. The Ca content of orange type was the highest among all genotypes.
3. There were marked differences in the Zn and Ca contents among genotypes with different dry matter content types. The Fe, Zn and Ca contents in low dry matter content types were higher than that of intermediary and high types.
4. Significant differences in Fe, Zn and Ca contents of sweetpotato were observed among different growing period types. The Fe content of intermediary maturing types was the highest among all types. The Zn and Ca contents in intermediary and late maturing types are conspicuously higher than that of early maturing types. However, there is no marked difference of Se content between different growing period types.
5. The Fe, Zn and Ca contents were influenced by the potassium fertilization.
The Fe, Zn and Ca contents of the storage roots with potassium application were higher than that with non-potassium application. Moreover, the Fe, Zn and Ca contents in the storage roots increased with increase in the potassium application.
6. Fe, Zn and Ca contents in the leaves and petioles were found to be much higher than that in other parts. Moreover, the Fe, Zn and Ca contents in the cortexes of storage roots were notably higher than that in the piths.
7. The results of analysis by AMMI model showed that the genotype effect, environment effect and genotype X environment interaction effect in Zn and Ca contents of the storage roots reached the conspicuous level, and the genotype effect and genotype X environment interaction effect in Fe content reached the significent level. The results of biplot analysis indicated the stability and adaptability of these three elements in different varieties, the discriminability of locations were also exhibited.
引文
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75. Nordin BE. Calcium in health and disease. Food Nutr and Agr, 1997, 20: 13-26.
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80. Pernollet J. Protein bodies of seeds: Ultrastructure, biochemistry, biosynthesis and degradation. Phytochem, 1978,17:1473-1480.
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82. Quintana JM. Harrison HC, Nienhuis J, Palta JP and Grusak MA, Variation in calcium concentration among sixty S1 families and four cultivars of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L).J Am Soc Hortic Sci, 1996,121:789-793.
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84. Rengel Z, Batten GD and Crowley DE. Agronomic approaches for improving the micronutrient density in edible portions of field crops. Field Crops Res, 1999,60:27-40.
85. Ricardo C.R., Pablo S.H., Elena M et al. Mineral concentrations in cultivars of Potatos. Food Chemistry, 2003, 83: 247-253.
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98. Smith BN. Iron in higher plants: storage and metabolic rate. J Plant Nutr, 1984,7:759-766.
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