区域经济系统吸收外商直接投资的关键问题
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摘要
改革开放以来,我国利用外商直接投资取得了举世瞩目的成就。外商直接投资弥补了国内建设资金的不足,提高了我国产业的质量和技术装备水平,为我国经济持续高速增长做出了重要贡献。山西作为中西部地区的省份之一,由于自身的特殊条件和优势,应当成为加快中西部发展的一个“增长极”,并发挥中坚作用。在经济全球化的大背景下,山西必须顺应这一趋势,扩大对外开放力度,吸引高质量的外商直接投资,以促进其经济的持续发展。
本文以山西吸引FDI为研究对象,从投资环境和投资策略两个角度,对山西吸引外资的效益、优劣势、资金配置、项目选择和战略转变进行了分析,不仅在理论上论证了山西引资战略转变的必要性,而且提出了相应的对策建议,为山西更好地吸引和利用FDI提供借鉴。
本文的创新研究主要体现在以下四个方面:
(1)综合灰色关联理论和熵理论建立灰关联熵模型,对影响山西FDI的关键指标要素进行分析。并通过纵向分析本省要素的影响程度以及横向比较本省和其他省份的差距,评价山西FDI吸收能力的优劣势。
(2)以地方政府为核心,在共识机制理论之上运用多标准隐形评价决策方法,通过集结专家对FDI各指标信息的私人意见,建立了多标准隐性评价决策集结0-1规划模型,并应用于山西省吸收FDI的实际决策过程。结果表明,此模型能够定量地集结专家的私人意见,有效排除非公正因素的干扰,是一种比较有效的选择FDI的方法。
(3)从FDI微观主体企业的角度,建立山西引进外资的灰色进化博弈链模型,分析企业引资的策略和行为。通过对模型的复制动态仿真,发现山西省的外资引进企业数量会稳定在一定的灰色区域之内。对于外资引进形成和发展过程的稳定性分析则从理论上解释了引资数量稳定的原因,为山西吸引FDI的战略从“规模扩张”向“质量提高”转变提供了理论支持。
(4)为山西更好地吸引和利用FDI提出了可操作性的对策建议。作者认为,提升山西的国际竞争力是根本,投资环境的改善、山西技术消化、吸收和开发能力的提高以及各有关方关系的协调一致则有助于山西国际竞争力的提高,进而增强山西在引资中的地位和利益。同时,在外资的优惠政策方面也应当有所调整。
Since the reform and opening-up policy, China has achieved great success in the sphere of making use of FDI. FDI has largely financed the domestic construction which is in need of funds, upgraded the quality and competitiveness of Chinese industries, and made great contributions to the continuous economic growth of our country. Meanwhile, Shanxi province which locates in the midwest region should play a key role in accelerating the development of western regions as a "growth pole" thanks to its own special conditions and advantages. Therefore, Shanxi must conform to the trend of economic globalization, expand the opening up, and attract high-quality FDI so as to promote its continuous economic development.
From the aspects of investment environment and investment strategy, this paper takes Shanxi attracting FDI as an object to analyze its benefits, advantages and disadvantages, capital allocation, project selection and strategic transformation. It not only attests theoretically the necessity for Shanxi to transform its strategy of attracting FDI, but also gives out corresponding measures so as to provide reference for Shanxi to attract and make better use of FDI.
The innovation research of this article manifests mainly in the following four aspects:
(1) Establish Gray Entropy Relationship Model based on the gray relation theory and the entropy theory, and use it to finger out the order of the main influence indicators of Shanxi FDI. The advantage and disadvantage analysis of Shanxi FDI absorption capacity will be given by vertically identifying the influence of its indicators and horizontally comparing with other provinces
(2)Taking local governments as the core, by means of collecting the information on indicators of FDI from private opinions of experts, we set up a multi-criteria Stealth Evaluation and Decision Assembled 0-1 Decision-making Planning model based on the multi-criteria Stealth Evaluation and Decision theory and Mechanism of consensus theory, which has been used for decision process of attracting FDI in Shanxi. Furthermore, the model has been proved to be an effective method in selecting FDI, from the aspects of assembling experts’private opinions quantitatively and excluding disturb of partiality element effectively.
(3) From the aspect of macrocosmic subjects namely enterprises in FDI, we establish Grey Evolutionary Game Chain Model and analyze strategies and behaviors of enterprises in the process of attracting FDI in Shanxi. Through the Copy Dynamic Simulation of the model, we find that the number of foreign enterprises in this Province will stay in a certain grey area. The theoretical explanation for this phenomenon is given through the stability analysis of the formation and the development process of the introduction of foreign capital, which also provides a theoretical support for Shanxi province to change the strategy of attracting FDI from“Scale expansion”to“Quality improvement”
(4) We put forward effective countermeasures of attracting FDI for Shanxi province. And the author deems that the essence is to enhance the international competitiveness. These measures include the improvement of invest environment, the ability of technology assimilation, absorbability and exploitation as well as keeping the harmony of different aspects are all helpful to improve international competitiveness and then enforce the status and profit in the introduction of FDI in Shanxi. Meanwhile, the favorable policies regarding to foreign investment should be adjusted.
本文以山西吸引FDI为研究对象,从投资环境和投资策略两个角度,对山西吸引外资的效益、优劣势、资金配置、项目选择和战略转变进行了分析,不仅在理论上论证了山西引资战略转变的必要性,而且提出了相应的对策建议,为山西更好地吸引和利用FDI提供借鉴。
本文的创新研究主要体现在以下四个方面:
(1)综合灰色关联理论和熵理论建立灰关联熵模型,对影响山西FDI的关键指标要素进行分析。并通过纵向分析本省要素的影响程度以及横向比较本省和其他省份的差距,评价山西FDI吸收能力的优劣势。
(2)以地方政府为核心,在共识机制理论之上运用多标准隐形评价决策方法,通过集结专家对FDI各指标信息的私人意见,建立了多标准隐性评价决策集结0-1规划模型,并应用于山西省吸收FDI的实际决策过程。结果表明,此模型能够定量地集结专家的私人意见,有效排除非公正因素的干扰,是一种比较有效的选择FDI的方法。
(3)从FDI微观主体企业的角度,建立山西引进外资的灰色进化博弈链模型,分析企业引资的策略和行为。通过对模型的复制动态仿真,发现山西省的外资引进企业数量会稳定在一定的灰色区域之内。对于外资引进形成和发展过程的稳定性分析则从理论上解释了引资数量稳定的原因,为山西吸引FDI的战略从“规模扩张”向“质量提高”转变提供了理论支持。
(4)为山西更好地吸引和利用FDI提出了可操作性的对策建议。作者认为,提升山西的国际竞争力是根本,投资环境的改善、山西技术消化、吸收和开发能力的提高以及各有关方关系的协调一致则有助于山西国际竞争力的提高,进而增强山西在引资中的地位和利益。同时,在外资的优惠政策方面也应当有所调整。
Since the reform and opening-up policy, China has achieved great success in the sphere of making use of FDI. FDI has largely financed the domestic construction which is in need of funds, upgraded the quality and competitiveness of Chinese industries, and made great contributions to the continuous economic growth of our country. Meanwhile, Shanxi province which locates in the midwest region should play a key role in accelerating the development of western regions as a "growth pole" thanks to its own special conditions and advantages. Therefore, Shanxi must conform to the trend of economic globalization, expand the opening up, and attract high-quality FDI so as to promote its continuous economic development.
From the aspects of investment environment and investment strategy, this paper takes Shanxi attracting FDI as an object to analyze its benefits, advantages and disadvantages, capital allocation, project selection and strategic transformation. It not only attests theoretically the necessity for Shanxi to transform its strategy of attracting FDI, but also gives out corresponding measures so as to provide reference for Shanxi to attract and make better use of FDI.
The innovation research of this article manifests mainly in the following four aspects:
(1) Establish Gray Entropy Relationship Model based on the gray relation theory and the entropy theory, and use it to finger out the order of the main influence indicators of Shanxi FDI. The advantage and disadvantage analysis of Shanxi FDI absorption capacity will be given by vertically identifying the influence of its indicators and horizontally comparing with other provinces
(2)Taking local governments as the core, by means of collecting the information on indicators of FDI from private opinions of experts, we set up a multi-criteria Stealth Evaluation and Decision Assembled 0-1 Decision-making Planning model based on the multi-criteria Stealth Evaluation and Decision theory and Mechanism of consensus theory, which has been used for decision process of attracting FDI in Shanxi. Furthermore, the model has been proved to be an effective method in selecting FDI, from the aspects of assembling experts’private opinions quantitatively and excluding disturb of partiality element effectively.
(3) From the aspect of macrocosmic subjects namely enterprises in FDI, we establish Grey Evolutionary Game Chain Model and analyze strategies and behaviors of enterprises in the process of attracting FDI in Shanxi. Through the Copy Dynamic Simulation of the model, we find that the number of foreign enterprises in this Province will stay in a certain grey area. The theoretical explanation for this phenomenon is given through the stability analysis of the formation and the development process of the introduction of foreign capital, which also provides a theoretical support for Shanxi province to change the strategy of attracting FDI from“Scale expansion”to“Quality improvement”
(4) We put forward effective countermeasures of attracting FDI for Shanxi province. And the author deems that the essence is to enhance the international competitiveness. These measures include the improvement of invest environment, the ability of technology assimilation, absorbability and exploitation as well as keeping the harmony of different aspects are all helpful to improve international competitiveness and then enforce the status and profit in the introduction of FDI in Shanxi. Meanwhile, the favorable policies regarding to foreign investment should be adjusted.
引文
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