区域生态产业链的形成与优化研究
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摘要
生态产业链上的企业通过相互之间的副产物和能量的交换、废物和废水的梯级利用,基础设施的共享来实现链上企业在经济效益和环境效益上的协调发展。生态产业链的构建是区域生态产业发展的基础,对区域社会、经济和环境的和谐与协调发展具有重要作用。
本文从区域生态主导产业的选择入手,对区域生态产业链(网络)的形成机制、生态产业链优化以及生态产业链构建的政府最优配套资金等问题进行了研究与探讨;并结合山西能源大省的实际情况,对山西的生态产业发展模式、主导产业选择、产业链构建中一系列关键问题进行了研究,为山西构建生态产业链,发展循环经济,走绿色发展之路提供理论支持与实践指导。
本文的创新研究主要体现在以下五个方面:
(1)在分析山西能源经济的发展现状及面临的一系列重大问题的基础上,本文首次提出山西能源大省可持续发展的一种前瞻性的、与环境友好的“生态产业发展模式”:生态产业园模式和产业链的加环闭合模式。系统动力学仿真表明:生态产业与传统产业发展模式相比,其经济、环境效益明显提高。
(2)考虑到博弈中各参与方的信息缺失情形,本文引入灰色系统的思想,提出了重复的不完全信息动态灰博弈的相关概念,建立了重复的不完全信息动态灰博弈模型。在此基础上,考虑生态产业链的多阶段动态构建过程,以企业和政府的每一次决策作为一个博弈过程,企业与政府的效用函数作为决策变量,建立了区域生态产业链的重复的不完全信息动态灰博弈模型,研究了生态产业链的形成问题。
研究表明:生态产业链存在两种基本形成机制:政府导向型和市场导向型;在市场机制尚未完全发育成熟的条件下,区域生态型产业链的构建运用政府主导或政府与市场并重的模式较为合适;而在市场机制较发达的地区,区域生态型产业链的构建运用市场主导模式较为合适。
(3)本文提出了灰色动态规划及相关概念,建立了灰色动态规划模型,并运用标准区间灰数给出了模型的最优解算法,提出了第一最优灰策略和第二最优灰策略,把经典动态规划模型拓展到信息不确定性领域。基于生态产业链的多阶段动态构建过程,以产业链的每一次构建作为决策阶段,产业生态收益作为决策变量,建立了生态产业链灰色动态规划模型,研究了生态产业链的优化问题,并通过实证研究验证了该模型可行性。
(4)基于内生经济理论,本文建立了生态产业链构建的产出函数,构建了生态产业链构建的政府配套资金最优化模型。研究了在相关可用资源、投入资金和制度约束程度等条件约束下,政府如何合理配置其生态产业链构建资金,获得生态产业链构建最大效益。讨论在多要素柯布—道格拉斯生产函数条件下的盈亏平衡分析,设计政府在规模报酬不变、规模报酬递增、规模报酬递减等不同类型情况下投入量最小的盈亏平衡点,寻找政府降低成本、提高竞争力的有效途径。研究结果表明:政府配套资金具有最优性和有效性的性质,且当政府资金增长的有效性大于1时,政府才会增加其生态产业链构建投入,否则不再增加其投入。
(5)以山西能源大省为研究背景,针对其生态产业链构建中的一系列关键问题,提出了相应的措施及政策建议:积极推进“两个转变”,发挥比较优势、打造特色生态产业链;提升产业技术绿色支撑能力,建立生态工业的产业化体系;建立环境资源产权制度,完善生态产业发展的市场激励机制;建立健全法律强制体系,加强政府政策的导向功能等。
Enterprises On the ecological industrial chain achieve the coordinated development of economic and environmental benefits through the exchange of energy and byproduct between each other, the stair utilization of waste and waste-water, and the sharing of infrastructure. The construction of the ecological industrial chain is the foundation of regional eco-industrial development, plays an important role in the harmony and coordinated development of society, economic and environment.
Starting with selecting the regional ecological leading industries, this paper explores and researches on the formation mechanism of the regional ecological industrial chain (network), the optimization of the ecological industrial chain, the optimal matching funds in the construction of ecological industrial chain, and other issues. With the actual situation of Shanxi, this paper also research on the Shanxi ecological industrial development mode, leading industry choice and other important issues in the construction of the industrial chain which provide theoretical support and practice guidance to the construction of Shanxi ecological industrial chain, the development of recycling economy, and take the road of the development of green.
The innovation research of this article manifests mainly in the following five aspects:
(1)On the basis of analyzing the present development of Shanxi energy economic and the series major problem facing by Shanxi province, this paper first proposed a forward-looking, environment-friendly "eco-industrial development model" for the sustainable development of Shanxi Province:
The ecological industries Park models and the model of industry chain closure. System dynamics simulation shows that: compared ecological industries to traditional industries development model, the economic and environmental efficiency of earlier are markedly improved.
(2)Taking into account the various participants in the game in the case of information loss, the paper introduced the ideological of grey system, proposed the related concept of repeated incomplete information dynamic Grey Game, established a duplicated incomplete information Grey Game dynamic model. On this basis, considering the multi-stage dynamic construction process, take every decision of the business and government as a game process, take the effectiveness function of the government and the enterprises as decision-making variables, and establish a repeated uncompleted information dynamic Gray Game of regional eco-industrial chain to study the formation of the ecological industrial chain.
The results show that, there are two basic mechanism of ecological industrial chain: government-oriented and market-oriented. In the condition that market mechanism has not yet fully matures, the construction of the regional ecological industrial chain is more appropriate to use government-led or government and the market more gorgeous model; in the areas of market mechanism more develops, the construction of the regional ecological industrial chain is more appropriate to use market-led approach.
(3)This paper presents grey dynamic planning and related concepts, establishes a grey dynamic programming model, and uses standard interval grey number to achieve the optimal solution algorithm of the model, proposes the first and second optimal grey strategy; take classic dynamic programming model extend to the field of uncertainty information. Based on dynamic multi-stage Construction process of the ecological industrial chain, take every building process as a decision-making stage, eco-industry earnings as a decision-making variables, establish the grey dynamic programming model of ecological industrial chain to study the optimization problem of ecological industrial chain, and through empirical research shows the model’s feasibility.
(4)Based on endogenous economic theory, this paper establishes the output function of the ecological industrial chain Construction and the matching funds optimization model of the ecological industrial chain construction. This paper researches on when bound by relevant available resources, invest funds and institutional constraints, the Government how to rational allocate their ecological industrial chain Construction financial resources and achieve the ecological industrial chain Construction of the greatest benefits. This paper also discusses the profit and loss balance analysis under the condition of multi-element Cobb- Douglas production function, designs the government’s profit and loss balance of least investment in the condition of constant scale returns, increasing scale returns, decreasing scale returns and such different types, looks for the Government’s effective ways to reduce costs, enhance competitiveness. The results show that: the government matching funds is character by optimality and the effectiveness, when the growth of the government funds is greater than 1, the Government will increase its construction input of ecological industrial chain, or not to increase the inputs.
(5)Take Shanxi Province as a major energy research background, in view of a series important issues in the construction of its ecological industrial chain, this paper proposes the corresponding measures and policy recommendations: actively promote "two changes", play their comparative advantages, and create ecological characteristics industrial chain; upgrade support capacity for green industry technology, establish the industry system of eco-industrial; establish property rights system of environmental resources, perfect the eco-market incentive mechanism of industry development; establish and improve the law enforcement system, and strengthen government policy-oriented functions.
本文从区域生态主导产业的选择入手,对区域生态产业链(网络)的形成机制、生态产业链优化以及生态产业链构建的政府最优配套资金等问题进行了研究与探讨;并结合山西能源大省的实际情况,对山西的生态产业发展模式、主导产业选择、产业链构建中一系列关键问题进行了研究,为山西构建生态产业链,发展循环经济,走绿色发展之路提供理论支持与实践指导。
本文的创新研究主要体现在以下五个方面:
(1)在分析山西能源经济的发展现状及面临的一系列重大问题的基础上,本文首次提出山西能源大省可持续发展的一种前瞻性的、与环境友好的“生态产业发展模式”:生态产业园模式和产业链的加环闭合模式。系统动力学仿真表明:生态产业与传统产业发展模式相比,其经济、环境效益明显提高。
(2)考虑到博弈中各参与方的信息缺失情形,本文引入灰色系统的思想,提出了重复的不完全信息动态灰博弈的相关概念,建立了重复的不完全信息动态灰博弈模型。在此基础上,考虑生态产业链的多阶段动态构建过程,以企业和政府的每一次决策作为一个博弈过程,企业与政府的效用函数作为决策变量,建立了区域生态产业链的重复的不完全信息动态灰博弈模型,研究了生态产业链的形成问题。
研究表明:生态产业链存在两种基本形成机制:政府导向型和市场导向型;在市场机制尚未完全发育成熟的条件下,区域生态型产业链的构建运用政府主导或政府与市场并重的模式较为合适;而在市场机制较发达的地区,区域生态型产业链的构建运用市场主导模式较为合适。
(3)本文提出了灰色动态规划及相关概念,建立了灰色动态规划模型,并运用标准区间灰数给出了模型的最优解算法,提出了第一最优灰策略和第二最优灰策略,把经典动态规划模型拓展到信息不确定性领域。基于生态产业链的多阶段动态构建过程,以产业链的每一次构建作为决策阶段,产业生态收益作为决策变量,建立了生态产业链灰色动态规划模型,研究了生态产业链的优化问题,并通过实证研究验证了该模型可行性。
(4)基于内生经济理论,本文建立了生态产业链构建的产出函数,构建了生态产业链构建的政府配套资金最优化模型。研究了在相关可用资源、投入资金和制度约束程度等条件约束下,政府如何合理配置其生态产业链构建资金,获得生态产业链构建最大效益。讨论在多要素柯布—道格拉斯生产函数条件下的盈亏平衡分析,设计政府在规模报酬不变、规模报酬递增、规模报酬递减等不同类型情况下投入量最小的盈亏平衡点,寻找政府降低成本、提高竞争力的有效途径。研究结果表明:政府配套资金具有最优性和有效性的性质,且当政府资金增长的有效性大于1时,政府才会增加其生态产业链构建投入,否则不再增加其投入。
(5)以山西能源大省为研究背景,针对其生态产业链构建中的一系列关键问题,提出了相应的措施及政策建议:积极推进“两个转变”,发挥比较优势、打造特色生态产业链;提升产业技术绿色支撑能力,建立生态工业的产业化体系;建立环境资源产权制度,完善生态产业发展的市场激励机制;建立健全法律强制体系,加强政府政策的导向功能等。
Enterprises On the ecological industrial chain achieve the coordinated development of economic and environmental benefits through the exchange of energy and byproduct between each other, the stair utilization of waste and waste-water, and the sharing of infrastructure. The construction of the ecological industrial chain is the foundation of regional eco-industrial development, plays an important role in the harmony and coordinated development of society, economic and environment.
Starting with selecting the regional ecological leading industries, this paper explores and researches on the formation mechanism of the regional ecological industrial chain (network), the optimization of the ecological industrial chain, the optimal matching funds in the construction of ecological industrial chain, and other issues. With the actual situation of Shanxi, this paper also research on the Shanxi ecological industrial development mode, leading industry choice and other important issues in the construction of the industrial chain which provide theoretical support and practice guidance to the construction of Shanxi ecological industrial chain, the development of recycling economy, and take the road of the development of green.
The innovation research of this article manifests mainly in the following five aspects:
(1)On the basis of analyzing the present development of Shanxi energy economic and the series major problem facing by Shanxi province, this paper first proposed a forward-looking, environment-friendly "eco-industrial development model" for the sustainable development of Shanxi Province:
The ecological industries Park models and the model of industry chain closure. System dynamics simulation shows that: compared ecological industries to traditional industries development model, the economic and environmental efficiency of earlier are markedly improved.
(2)Taking into account the various participants in the game in the case of information loss, the paper introduced the ideological of grey system, proposed the related concept of repeated incomplete information dynamic Grey Game, established a duplicated incomplete information Grey Game dynamic model. On this basis, considering the multi-stage dynamic construction process, take every decision of the business and government as a game process, take the effectiveness function of the government and the enterprises as decision-making variables, and establish a repeated uncompleted information dynamic Gray Game of regional eco-industrial chain to study the formation of the ecological industrial chain.
The results show that, there are two basic mechanism of ecological industrial chain: government-oriented and market-oriented. In the condition that market mechanism has not yet fully matures, the construction of the regional ecological industrial chain is more appropriate to use government-led or government and the market more gorgeous model; in the areas of market mechanism more develops, the construction of the regional ecological industrial chain is more appropriate to use market-led approach.
(3)This paper presents grey dynamic planning and related concepts, establishes a grey dynamic programming model, and uses standard interval grey number to achieve the optimal solution algorithm of the model, proposes the first and second optimal grey strategy; take classic dynamic programming model extend to the field of uncertainty information. Based on dynamic multi-stage Construction process of the ecological industrial chain, take every building process as a decision-making stage, eco-industry earnings as a decision-making variables, establish the grey dynamic programming model of ecological industrial chain to study the optimization problem of ecological industrial chain, and through empirical research shows the model’s feasibility.
(4)Based on endogenous economic theory, this paper establishes the output function of the ecological industrial chain Construction and the matching funds optimization model of the ecological industrial chain construction. This paper researches on when bound by relevant available resources, invest funds and institutional constraints, the Government how to rational allocate their ecological industrial chain Construction financial resources and achieve the ecological industrial chain Construction of the greatest benefits. This paper also discusses the profit and loss balance analysis under the condition of multi-element Cobb- Douglas production function, designs the government’s profit and loss balance of least investment in the condition of constant scale returns, increasing scale returns, decreasing scale returns and such different types, looks for the Government’s effective ways to reduce costs, enhance competitiveness. The results show that: the government matching funds is character by optimality and the effectiveness, when the growth of the government funds is greater than 1, the Government will increase its construction input of ecological industrial chain, or not to increase the inputs.
(5)Take Shanxi Province as a major energy research background, in view of a series important issues in the construction of its ecological industrial chain, this paper proposes the corresponding measures and policy recommendations: actively promote "two changes", play their comparative advantages, and create ecological characteristics industrial chain; upgrade support capacity for green industry technology, establish the industry system of eco-industrial; establish property rights system of environmental resources, perfect the eco-market incentive mechanism of industry development; establish and improve the law enforcement system, and strengthen government policy-oriented functions.
引文
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