基于小波变换的医学影像处理系统
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摘要
随着我国医院建设的迅速发展，医疗影像设备的装备情况有了较大的改善。将来在国内发展以医学影像信息管理为主的医学影像系统成为必然趋势。但是，由于经济水平的制约和一些关键技术没有得到很好的解决，使得我国医学影像的研究和应用仍然处于摸索和起步阶段。
医学影像系统的组建可以说是一项庞大的系统工程，是综合了许多科学领域最先进技术和产品的高科技产物。本文对医学影像系统的两项关键技术：数据库设计和图像压缩进行了研究。
通过对医学影像系统的分析和对医学数字影像和通讯标准(DICOM)的研究，提出了一种基于DICOM的数据库设计方法，这种设计符合DICOM的要求，是医学影像数据库设计的一个方向。随着DICOM标准的不断应用，将体现出它的优势。
小波变换是一个时间和频率的局域变换，因而能有效的从信号中提取信息，通过伸缩和平移等运算功能对函数或信号进行多尺度细化分析，解决了Fourier变换不能解决的许多困难问题。近年来小波变换在图像压缩的研究和应用都十分活跃，但是由于小波的理论很复杂，因此应用起来就有一定的局限性。本文着重介绍了小波变换的原理和在压缩领域中的广泛前景，并运用目前非常流行的软件MATLAB实现了对医学图像的压缩，对感兴趣区域(Region-of-Interested，ROI)，在压缩编码时采用无损压缩，而对实用意义小，只有参考价值的图像区域(Region-of-Uninterested，UROI)，可以采用高压缩比的小波有损压缩，从而实现较高的压缩比，利于医学图像的存储与传输。
Along with the quick development of the hospital of our country, the material circumstance of the medical treatment have improved quickly.In the future the system of the medical image becomes the inevitable trend. But because the restrict of the economic level and no good solution of some pivotal technique,the research and application is still in the primary stage.
The construct of medical image system is a big system engineering.It is the high-tech product synthesized the technique and the production of many science realms. The paper researches two pivotal techniques of the database design and the image compression of the medical image system.Through the analysis of the medical image system and the research of the standard of medical digital image and communication standard for short DICOM,a design method based on the DICOM is brought forward. The kind of design meets the DICOM request and is a direction of the database design of the medical image. Along with the continuous apply of the DICOM standard,it will appear its advantage gradually.
Wavelet transform is a time and frequency local transformation and it can withdraw the information from the signal.Through the calculate function making the muti-scale analysis it resolves many difficult problems which Fourier transformation can't resolve.In recent years the researches and the applications of wavelet transform on the image compression are flourish, but because wavelet transform is very complicated and its apply has certain localizations. This paper introduces the principle of wavelet transform and the foreground of which in the image compression fields and realizes to compress the medical image with Matlab which is a very popular software. We adopt the lossless compression for Region-of-Interested and for the Region-of-Uninterested where the significance is very small and we reference it only we adopt the wavelet compression of high compressibility. Thus high compression ratio is gained and it is favorable to the storage and transmission of medical image.
医学影像系统的组建可以说是一项庞大的系统工程，是综合了许多科学领域最先进技术和产品的高科技产物。本文对医学影像系统的两项关键技术：数据库设计和图像压缩进行了研究。
通过对医学影像系统的分析和对医学数字影像和通讯标准(DICOM)的研究，提出了一种基于DICOM的数据库设计方法，这种设计符合DICOM的要求，是医学影像数据库设计的一个方向。随着DICOM标准的不断应用，将体现出它的优势。
小波变换是一个时间和频率的局域变换，因而能有效的从信号中提取信息，通过伸缩和平移等运算功能对函数或信号进行多尺度细化分析，解决了Fourier变换不能解决的许多困难问题。近年来小波变换在图像压缩的研究和应用都十分活跃，但是由于小波的理论很复杂，因此应用起来就有一定的局限性。本文着重介绍了小波变换的原理和在压缩领域中的广泛前景，并运用目前非常流行的软件MATLAB实现了对医学图像的压缩，对感兴趣区域(Region-of-Interested，ROI)，在压缩编码时采用无损压缩，而对实用意义小，只有参考价值的图像区域(Region-of-Uninterested，UROI)，可以采用高压缩比的小波有损压缩，从而实现较高的压缩比，利于医学图像的存储与传输。
Along with the quick development of the hospital of our country, the material circumstance of the medical treatment have improved quickly.In the future the system of the medical image becomes the inevitable trend. But because the restrict of the economic level and no good solution of some pivotal technique,the research and application is still in the primary stage.
The construct of medical image system is a big system engineering.It is the high-tech product synthesized the technique and the production of many science realms. The paper researches two pivotal techniques of the database design and the image compression of the medical image system.Through the analysis of the medical image system and the research of the standard of medical digital image and communication standard for short DICOM,a design method based on the DICOM is brought forward. The kind of design meets the DICOM request and is a direction of the database design of the medical image. Along with the continuous apply of the DICOM standard,it will appear its advantage gradually.
Wavelet transform is a time and frequency local transformation and it can withdraw the information from the signal.Through the calculate function making the muti-scale analysis it resolves many difficult problems which Fourier transformation can't resolve.In recent years the researches and the applications of wavelet transform on the image compression are flourish, but because wavelet transform is very complicated and its apply has certain localizations. This paper introduces the principle of wavelet transform and the foreground of which in the image compression fields and realizes to compress the medical image with Matlab which is a very popular software. We adopt the lossless compression for Region-of-Interested and for the Region-of-Uninterested where the significance is very small and we reference it only we adopt the wavelet compression of high compressibility. Thus high compression ratio is gained and it is favorable to the storage and transmission of medical image.
引文
[1] Acharya, Raj;Wasserman, Richard; Stevens, Jeffrey; Hinojosa, Carlos Biomedical imaging modalities: a tutorial, Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, Volume: 19,1ssue: 1,1995, pp. 3-25
[2] Stephane Mallat and Wen Liang Hwang Title: Singularity Detection and Processing with Wavelets Status: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 38. NO. 2. MARCH 1992
[3] The Math Works, Inc. M ATLAB C++ Math Library User' s Guide. 1998:2-18
[4] 胡昌华．基于MA／LAB的系统分析与设计—小波分析．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1999
[5] 李胡锡，姜红．MATLAB循序渐进．上海交通大学出版社，1997
[6] MATLAB user' s Guide. MathWorks, Inc.,1998
[7] Carrino J A, Unkel P J, and Miller ID. Large-scale PACS implementation. Journal of Digital Imaging. 1998. 11(3):3-7.
[8] 祁大勇，韩月秋．基于子波变换的数字图像压缩算法．北京理工大学学报．1997 17(1)：87-91
[9] 胡艳军．用小波变换进行图像压缩．微机与应用1996(4)：16-17
[10] 张凯，吕扬生．基于DICOM标准的医学图像数据库．中国生物医学工程学报，2002 2l(6)：25-30
[11] 汤炎，莫玉龙．第二代小波变换应用于图象的无损压缩编码．中国图象图形学报，2000 5(8)：699-702
[12] 罗文斌，张立明，陈鑫．第二代小波在医学图象无损压缩中的应用．计算机工程．1999 25(10)：80-82
[13] 林利，王立伟．MATLAB在医学图像处理中的应用．牡丹江医学院学报．200324(1)：67-70
[14] ACR/NEMA. Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine PART 1, draft Standard 3.0, 2000, from. ftp://ftp, nema. org/medical/dicom
[15] LiuSheng, O.R.; Garcia, H.-M.C: The design of medical image databases: a distributed approach, Computers and Communications, 1990. Conference Proceedings., Ninth Annual International Phoenix Conference on, 21-23 Mar 1990, Page(s): 2808-2895
[16] 罗迅，王虹，周天庆，肖李．小波变换编码在医学图像压缩中的应用．电脑与信息技术．2002 23(6)：19-22
[17] 袁运能，毛士艺．信号的紧小波标架表示与最佳小波基．北京航空航天大学学报．1999 25(4)
[18] 杨军，彭承琳，吴宝明．小波分析在医学中的应用．国外医学生物医学工程分册．2002 25(2)：89-93
[19] 谢长生，熊华明，陈领．DICOM图象显示的研究与实现．计算机工程与科学．2002 24(6)：38-42
[20] 胡阳秋，高小榕，高上凯．DICOM医学图像采集的方法与实践．北京生物医学工程．2001 20(1)：1-5
[21] 贾克斌，沈波．实现医学影像存档和传输系统中的若干关键技术．中国图象图形学报．2000 5(7)
[22] 王卫东，祝军．图像存档和通讯系统及其相关技术．医疗设备信息．2001，1
[23] 熊宇段，会龙吕，维雪．图像归档和通讯系统的发展与应用．国外医学生物医学工程分册．2000 23(2)
[24] 付海鸿．PACS存储归档管理与控制系统的设计．世界医疗器械．2002 8(1)
[25] 刘少亭，卢建军，李国民．现代信息网．北京：人民邮电出版社．2000，10
[26] Wong, S, Zaremba, L., Gooden, D., Huang, H.K, Radiologic image compression-a review. Proceedings of the IEEE. 1995 83(2): 194-219
[27] Liu Sheng, O.R., Garcia, H.-M.C, The design of medical image databases: a distributed approach, Computers and Communications, 1990. Conference Proceedings.,Ninth Annual International Phoenix Conference on. 1990 21-23:2808-2895
[28] Chih-Ping Wei, Paul Jen-Hwa Hu, Sheng, O.R.L,A knowledge-based system for patient image pre-fetching in heterogeneous database environm-ents-modeling, design, and evaluation, lnformation Technology in Biomedicine, IEEE Transactions on. 2001 5(1):33-45
[29] 黄昊．基于PC机的PACS系统的研究．北京工业大学．2000-05-31
[2] Stephane Mallat and Wen Liang Hwang Title: Singularity Detection and Processing with Wavelets Status: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 38. NO. 2. MARCH 1992
[3] The Math Works, Inc. M ATLAB C++ Math Library User' s Guide. 1998:2-18
[4] 胡昌华．基于MA／LAB的系统分析与设计—小波分析．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1999
[5] 李胡锡，姜红．MATLAB循序渐进．上海交通大学出版社，1997
[6] MATLAB user' s Guide. MathWorks, Inc.,1998
[7] Carrino J A, Unkel P J, and Miller ID. Large-scale PACS implementation. Journal of Digital Imaging. 1998. 11(3):3-7.
[8] 祁大勇，韩月秋．基于子波变换的数字图像压缩算法．北京理工大学学报．1997 17(1)：87-91
[9] 胡艳军．用小波变换进行图像压缩．微机与应用1996(4)：16-17
[10] 张凯，吕扬生．基于DICOM标准的医学图像数据库．中国生物医学工程学报，2002 2l(6)：25-30
[11] 汤炎，莫玉龙．第二代小波变换应用于图象的无损压缩编码．中国图象图形学报，2000 5(8)：699-702
[12] 罗文斌，张立明，陈鑫．第二代小波在医学图象无损压缩中的应用．计算机工程．1999 25(10)：80-82
[13] 林利，王立伟．MATLAB在医学图像处理中的应用．牡丹江医学院学报．200324(1)：67-70
[14] ACR/NEMA. Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine PART 1, draft Standard 3.0, 2000, from. ftp://ftp, nema. org/medical/dicom
[15] LiuSheng, O.R.; Garcia, H.-M.C: The design of medical image databases: a distributed approach, Computers and Communications, 1990. Conference Proceedings., Ninth Annual International Phoenix Conference on, 21-23 Mar 1990, Page(s): 2808-2895
[16] 罗迅，王虹，周天庆，肖李．小波变换编码在医学图像压缩中的应用．电脑与信息技术．2002 23(6)：19-22
[17] 袁运能，毛士艺．信号的紧小波标架表示与最佳小波基．北京航空航天大学学报．1999 25(4)
[18] 杨军，彭承琳，吴宝明．小波分析在医学中的应用．国外医学生物医学工程分册．2002 25(2)：89-93
[19] 谢长生，熊华明，陈领．DICOM图象显示的研究与实现．计算机工程与科学．2002 24(6)：38-42
[20] 胡阳秋，高小榕，高上凯．DICOM医学图像采集的方法与实践．北京生物医学工程．2001 20(1)：1-5
[21] 贾克斌，沈波．实现医学影像存档和传输系统中的若干关键技术．中国图象图形学报．2000 5(7)
[22] 王卫东，祝军．图像存档和通讯系统及其相关技术．医疗设备信息．2001，1
[23] 熊宇段，会龙吕，维雪．图像归档和通讯系统的发展与应用．国外医学生物医学工程分册．2000 23(2)
[24] 付海鸿．PACS存储归档管理与控制系统的设计．世界医疗器械．2002 8(1)
[25] 刘少亭，卢建军，李国民．现代信息网．北京：人民邮电出版社．2000，10
[26] Wong, S, Zaremba, L., Gooden, D., Huang, H.K, Radiologic image compression-a review. Proceedings of the IEEE. 1995 83(2): 194-219
[27] Liu Sheng, O.R., Garcia, H.-M.C, The design of medical image databases: a distributed approach, Computers and Communications, 1990. Conference Proceedings.,Ninth Annual International Phoenix Conference on. 1990 21-23:2808-2895
[28] Chih-Ping Wei, Paul Jen-Hwa Hu, Sheng, O.R.L,A knowledge-based system for patient image pre-fetching in heterogeneous database environm-ents-modeling, design, and evaluation, lnformation Technology in Biomedicine, IEEE Transactions on. 2001 5(1):33-45
[29] 黄昊．基于PC机的PACS系统的研究．北京工业大学．2000-05-31