军队卫生防疫勤务建设的分析研究
摘要
紧紧围绕履行新世纪我军历史使命,贯彻新时期军事战略方针,增强应对危机、维护和平,遏制战争、打赢战争的能力,是新时期我军军事变革的关键所在。胡锦涛主席指出:“要加强科学管理,强化质量效益观念,切实转变传统的人力密集型、数量规模型的管理模式,向科学管理要效益,向科学管理要战斗力,不断提高国防和军队现代化建设的质量和效益,走出一条投入较少、效益较高的国防和军队现代化建设路子。”与以往的军事行动相比,海湾战争、科索沃战争、伊拉克战争再一次向人们证实,现代军队的结构体系和作战模式较前有很大不同。就军事医学领域而言,其重点必须从目前的战伤救治恢复为传统的保存战斗力,军队预防医学要成为军事医学研究的重点。由此可见,军事预防医学的发展应该不断适应高科技战争条件下的卫生防疫保障的需求,革新和完善现有的管理体制和运行机制,向管理要效益,向管理要战斗力;应该不断加强军队卫生防疫基础研究,加强技术装备与卫生防疫勤务的有机结合,重视不同军兵种军事任务特点与卫生防疫保障的需求,切实提高卫生防疫保障能力。因此,加强军队卫生防疫勤务建设,是我军全面建设中面临的一项重要课题。
本研究对56个防疫单位、138个个人进行了问卷调查,对一些防疫机构进行了走访,从中获取了大量第一手资料,经对资料进行统计分析,充分掌握了全军卫生防疫勤务的基本情况。调查认为,目前我军卫生防疫勤务建设在五个方面存在着矛盾和不足:一是卫生防疫观念淡薄,指导思想存在一些偏差;二是管理体制存在一定缺陷,卫生防疫工作开展不畅;三是卫生防疫机构体制不够健全,内部运行机制不畅;四是卫生防疫队伍不稳定,内部运行机制缺乏活力;五是防疫战备建设存在不足,战备工作落实不够。针对我军卫生防疫勤务的现状,参考外军的有关情况,提出加强我军卫生防疫勤务建设的新对策:一是着眼未来战争需要,制定军队卫生防疫勤务建设的总体规划;二是紧跟新军事革命步伐,革新我军卫生防疫勤务管理体制;三是从平战时实际情况出发,革新和完善卫生防疫战备建设;四是完善平转战运行机制,全面提高军队卫生防疫保障能力。
The key of our military reform in the new era is to fulfill the historic mission in the new stage, to implement the military strategy in the new period, to accelerate the military reform with the Chinese characteristics, and to strengthen the ability to handle crises, safeguard peace, contain wars and win wars. Chairman Hu Jintao has pointed out: " We have to strengthen the scientific management, consolidate the concept of quality and effectiveness, and transform the traditional manpower-intensive and quantity-oriented management pattern so as to continuously improve the quality and effectiveness of the construction of national defense and military modernization, and take a path of national defense and military modernization with low-input and high-effectiveness." Compared with the previous military operations, the gulf war, Kosovo war, Iraqi war etc. confirm toward people again that the structural systems and campaign pattern of modern troop are obvious different than then,as far as the domain of military medicine goes,the key have to return from the present treatment and recovery of war wounds to traditional conservation of combat effectiveness. Military prevention medicine is sure to become the key of military medical research. In view of this, the development of military prevention medicine should adapt continuously to the demand of hygiene and epidemic prevention under the circumstances of modern high-tech warfare and renovate and consummate existing management systems and circulation mechanism so as to gain benefit and battle effectiveness to administration, at the same time the development should reinforce continuously basic research of military hygiene and epidemic prevention, strengthen the combination between technical equipment and hygiene and epidemic prevention service, emphasize the military mission characteristics of various arms of the services and the demand of hygiene and epidemic prevention, and improve the safeguard ability of hygiene and epidemic prevention. Therefore, it is an important project in the all-round military construction to strengthen military hygiene and epidemic prevention service construction.
In this research, the researchers carried out a questionnaire on 56 epidemic prevention units and 138 subjects. From which, the researchers obtained abundant firsthand materials, and mastered fully the basic circumstances of military hygiene and epidemic prevention service on the basis of the statistical analysis of the material. According to the investigation, the researchers hold that there are five points of shortages and disparities in the military hygiene and epidemic prevention service construction. First, the conception of the military hygiene and epidemic prevention is dim and directing idea has some windage; Second, the system of management in hygiene and epidemic prevention organizations has some bug and the work of hygiene and epidemic prevention could not been developed rapidly; Third, the institution system of hygiene and epidemic prevention is not sanity and the mechanism of interior function is rather slowness; Fourth, the troop of hygiene and epidemic prevention is instability and the mechanism of interior function is lack of livingness; Fifth, the combat readiness construction of hygiene and epidemic prevention is insufficiency and the work of combat readiness could not been fulfilled actually.
In the light of the current situation of our military hygiene and epidemic prevention service, the researchers consulted the relevant situation of foreign armed forces and put forward new countermeasures to reinforce our military hygiene and epidemic prevention service construction: First, in accordance with the need of future warfare, we should make an overall plan of military hygiene and epidemic prevention service construction; Second, we should keep up with the pace of new military revolution, and innovate the management system of military hygiene and epidemic prevention service; Third, to start from the actual condition of peacetime and wartime , we should innovate and perfect hygiene and epidemic prevention construction in preparedness against war; Fourth, we should improve the operation system of transition from peacetime to wartime, and enhance roundly safeguard ability of legionary hygiene and epidemic prevention.
本研究对56个防疫单位、138个个人进行了问卷调查,对一些防疫机构进行了走访,从中获取了大量第一手资料,经对资料进行统计分析,充分掌握了全军卫生防疫勤务的基本情况。调查认为,目前我军卫生防疫勤务建设在五个方面存在着矛盾和不足:一是卫生防疫观念淡薄,指导思想存在一些偏差;二是管理体制存在一定缺陷,卫生防疫工作开展不畅;三是卫生防疫机构体制不够健全,内部运行机制不畅;四是卫生防疫队伍不稳定,内部运行机制缺乏活力;五是防疫战备建设存在不足,战备工作落实不够。针对我军卫生防疫勤务的现状,参考外军的有关情况,提出加强我军卫生防疫勤务建设的新对策:一是着眼未来战争需要,制定军队卫生防疫勤务建设的总体规划;二是紧跟新军事革命步伐,革新我军卫生防疫勤务管理体制;三是从平战时实际情况出发,革新和完善卫生防疫战备建设;四是完善平转战运行机制,全面提高军队卫生防疫保障能力。
The key of our military reform in the new era is to fulfill the historic mission in the new stage, to implement the military strategy in the new period, to accelerate the military reform with the Chinese characteristics, and to strengthen the ability to handle crises, safeguard peace, contain wars and win wars. Chairman Hu Jintao has pointed out: " We have to strengthen the scientific management, consolidate the concept of quality and effectiveness, and transform the traditional manpower-intensive and quantity-oriented management pattern so as to continuously improve the quality and effectiveness of the construction of national defense and military modernization, and take a path of national defense and military modernization with low-input and high-effectiveness." Compared with the previous military operations, the gulf war, Kosovo war, Iraqi war etc. confirm toward people again that the structural systems and campaign pattern of modern troop are obvious different than then,as far as the domain of military medicine goes,the key have to return from the present treatment and recovery of war wounds to traditional conservation of combat effectiveness. Military prevention medicine is sure to become the key of military medical research. In view of this, the development of military prevention medicine should adapt continuously to the demand of hygiene and epidemic prevention under the circumstances of modern high-tech warfare and renovate and consummate existing management systems and circulation mechanism so as to gain benefit and battle effectiveness to administration, at the same time the development should reinforce continuously basic research of military hygiene and epidemic prevention, strengthen the combination between technical equipment and hygiene and epidemic prevention service, emphasize the military mission characteristics of various arms of the services and the demand of hygiene and epidemic prevention, and improve the safeguard ability of hygiene and epidemic prevention. Therefore, it is an important project in the all-round military construction to strengthen military hygiene and epidemic prevention service construction.
In this research, the researchers carried out a questionnaire on 56 epidemic prevention units and 138 subjects. From which, the researchers obtained abundant firsthand materials, and mastered fully the basic circumstances of military hygiene and epidemic prevention service on the basis of the statistical analysis of the material. According to the investigation, the researchers hold that there are five points of shortages and disparities in the military hygiene and epidemic prevention service construction. First, the conception of the military hygiene and epidemic prevention is dim and directing idea has some windage; Second, the system of management in hygiene and epidemic prevention organizations has some bug and the work of hygiene and epidemic prevention could not been developed rapidly; Third, the institution system of hygiene and epidemic prevention is not sanity and the mechanism of interior function is rather slowness; Fourth, the troop of hygiene and epidemic prevention is instability and the mechanism of interior function is lack of livingness; Fifth, the combat readiness construction of hygiene and epidemic prevention is insufficiency and the work of combat readiness could not been fulfilled actually.
In the light of the current situation of our military hygiene and epidemic prevention service, the researchers consulted the relevant situation of foreign armed forces and put forward new countermeasures to reinforce our military hygiene and epidemic prevention service construction: First, in accordance with the need of future warfare, we should make an overall plan of military hygiene and epidemic prevention service construction; Second, we should keep up with the pace of new military revolution, and innovate the management system of military hygiene and epidemic prevention service; Third, to start from the actual condition of peacetime and wartime , we should innovate and perfect hygiene and epidemic prevention construction in preparedness against war; Fourth, we should improve the operation system of transition from peacetime to wartime, and enhance roundly safeguard ability of legionary hygiene and epidemic prevention.
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