数字化医院信息系统建设与实证研究
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摘要
研究目的:
现代信息技术正(IT)在使人类的生活方式发生革命性的变化,工作效率得以显著提升。基于IT技术的医院信息系统在医院管理、控制和决策中日益发挥着不可或缺的作用。本课题在充分研究国内外有关医院信息化理论的基础上,分析当前我国医院信息化建设的现实水平,找出其中存在的问题,据此设计数字化医院信息化建设的整体方案与模式,提出医院发展数字化建设的策略,初步构建出适合我国实际情况的数字化医院模型,力求通过本课题的研究,为我国数字化医院信息化建设发展方向与思路提供借鉴。
研究方法:
理论研究部分的资料以文献资料为主。英文期刊和学位论文文献通过Proquest、Wiley、Elsevier、EBsco、Highwirepress、Ovid等电子期刊数据库,Googlescholar搜索引擎检索获得,中文文献通过CNKI,VIP Information,Wanfang DATA等数据库检索获得;理论研究部分分析方法以理论演绎推论为主。实证研究部分的资料来源于案例研究的统计报表资料和参与性观察结果。实证研究部分的分析方法以统计学分析方法和对比分析法为主。
研究结果:
数字化医院信息系统以三位一体的数字化医疗设备、计算机网络平台和医院软件体系为基础,可最优化利用网络及数字技术有机整合医院业务信息和管理信息,实现医院所有信息最大限度的采集、传输、存储、利用、共享,体现了现代信息技术与流程管理在医疗卫生领域及其资源配置层面上的充分应用,能够提高医院的管理水平和工作效率,方便患者就诊,增加患者满意度,为医院带来显著的社会效益和经济效益。
研究结论:
本研究得出了以下结论:①数字化医院的建设,实现了医院信息管理系统HIS、检验系统LIS和图像存档和传输系统PACS的无缝集成,从而使临床与医技科室之间资源共享成为现实,是消除院内信息孤岛的有效途径。②数字化医院的建设,利用数据挖掘及决策技术,可以充分贯彻医院管理者管理思维,从根本上提高医疗服务质量,降低医疗成本,提高患者满意度,在一定程度上缓解“看病难”矛盾。③数字化医院的建设,减少了医务人员手工操作的工作量,改进了工作流程,提高了工作效率,避免了手工的漏洞,规范了医院的业务流程,提高了医务人员的满意度。④数字化医院的建设,可以有效提高医院的生产力,对医院收入增加的作用明显。
研究创新:
本研究采取定性和定量相结合的研究方法,既有对数字化医院信息化研究原理与方法的理论思索,又有实施数字化后对使用医院的效果评价的量化研究。论文从三个方面进行了创新:①论文运用管理学、信息学、业务流程管理等理论,结合计算机技术,运用结构化系统分析方法,对数字化医院信息系统进行了逻辑功能分析,并绘制出各部分的系统数据流程图,构建了基于医院业务流的数字化医院框架。②论文进行了翔实的实证研究,利用北京大学深圳医院一家全新的医院作为平台,设计并应用了一整套的数字化医院信息系统。③论文创新地应用改进的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,超越对数型生产函数对医院数字化的生产效能进行了研究。
Objectives
Modern Information Technology (IT) has revolutionarily changed human's life style and enhanced their working efficiency. IT-based Hospital information system (HIS) has increasingly played an indispensable role in hospital management, supervision and decision making. On the basis of investigation related to HIS at home and abroad, this thesis aims to analyze the current development level of HIS, find out the existing problems, propose strategies to design an overall program and a HIS model that is fit for China's actual situation. Through this study, we resolves to provide a reference for the development of digital hospital information construction in China.
Methods
Theoretical study adopts deductive inference, analysis based upon literature reviews drawn from overseas databases such as Proquest, Wiley, Elsevier, Ebsco, Highwire press, Ovid, Googlescholar search engine; and domestic databases such as CNKI, VIP Information, Wanfang DATA etc. The data of empirical study are from statistics and participatory observations of case studies. Empirical study is analyzed by statistics analysis methods and comparative analysis methods.
Results
Digitalized hospital manifests in a three-in-one integrated information system which comprises digital medical equipment, computer network platform and hospital software system. It uses digital and network technology to integrate hospital operation information and management information in order to achieve maximum information collection, transmission, storage, utilization, sharing, and reflects the full application of modern information and process management in the health domain and its resource allocations. HIS significantly improves hospital management level and work efficiency, greatly facilitate patients and enhance their satisfaction, and also brings about remarkable social and economic benefits.
Conclusions
This research proposed the following suggestions:
①The construction of digital hospital realizes seamless integration of HIS, LIS and PACS system, so that resource-sharing between the clinical and medical technology departments becomes a reality, and becomes an effective way to eliminate the phenomenon of Information Isolated Island.②Utilizing data mining and decision-making technology, digital hospital construction can fully carry out management thinking of managers, fundamentally improve medical service quality, reduce health care costs and improve patients Satisfaction, mitigate the predicament of "Low Accessibility" in health service to a certain extent.③Digital hospital construction decreases the manual workload of medical personnel so as to avoid manual loopholes, improves workflow and enhances work efficiency, standardizes hospital's business processes and enhances the satisfaction of medical staff.④Digital hospital construction effectively improves productivity of hospitals and remarkably increases their revenue.
Innovations
This study combines qualitative and quantitative research methods, which include both theoretical thinking of HIS theory and quantitative research of HIS performance evaluation. The innovations of this study manifest in three areas::①Employing principles of management, information science, business process management theory, this thesis combines structured systems analysis methods with computer technology, makes logical function analysis of digital hospital information system, and maps out the data flow chart of each subsystem, consequently a BMP-based digital framework for E-hospital is built up.②Taking Peking University Shenzhen Hospital as a platform, this study has done detailed empirical research for the design and application of an integrated digital hospital information system.③Modified Cobb - Douglas production function and Translog production function are innovatively applied to investigate the productive effectiveness for digital hospitals.
现代信息技术正(IT)在使人类的生活方式发生革命性的变化,工作效率得以显著提升。基于IT技术的医院信息系统在医院管理、控制和决策中日益发挥着不可或缺的作用。本课题在充分研究国内外有关医院信息化理论的基础上,分析当前我国医院信息化建设的现实水平,找出其中存在的问题,据此设计数字化医院信息化建设的整体方案与模式,提出医院发展数字化建设的策略,初步构建出适合我国实际情况的数字化医院模型,力求通过本课题的研究,为我国数字化医院信息化建设发展方向与思路提供借鉴。
研究方法:
理论研究部分的资料以文献资料为主。英文期刊和学位论文文献通过Proquest、Wiley、Elsevier、EBsco、Highwirepress、Ovid等电子期刊数据库,Googlescholar搜索引擎检索获得,中文文献通过CNKI,VIP Information,Wanfang DATA等数据库检索获得;理论研究部分分析方法以理论演绎推论为主。实证研究部分的资料来源于案例研究的统计报表资料和参与性观察结果。实证研究部分的分析方法以统计学分析方法和对比分析法为主。
研究结果:
数字化医院信息系统以三位一体的数字化医疗设备、计算机网络平台和医院软件体系为基础,可最优化利用网络及数字技术有机整合医院业务信息和管理信息,实现医院所有信息最大限度的采集、传输、存储、利用、共享,体现了现代信息技术与流程管理在医疗卫生领域及其资源配置层面上的充分应用,能够提高医院的管理水平和工作效率,方便患者就诊,增加患者满意度,为医院带来显著的社会效益和经济效益。
研究结论:
本研究得出了以下结论:①数字化医院的建设,实现了医院信息管理系统HIS、检验系统LIS和图像存档和传输系统PACS的无缝集成,从而使临床与医技科室之间资源共享成为现实,是消除院内信息孤岛的有效途径。②数字化医院的建设,利用数据挖掘及决策技术,可以充分贯彻医院管理者管理思维,从根本上提高医疗服务质量,降低医疗成本,提高患者满意度,在一定程度上缓解“看病难”矛盾。③数字化医院的建设,减少了医务人员手工操作的工作量,改进了工作流程,提高了工作效率,避免了手工的漏洞,规范了医院的业务流程,提高了医务人员的满意度。④数字化医院的建设,可以有效提高医院的生产力,对医院收入增加的作用明显。
研究创新:
本研究采取定性和定量相结合的研究方法,既有对数字化医院信息化研究原理与方法的理论思索,又有实施数字化后对使用医院的效果评价的量化研究。论文从三个方面进行了创新:①论文运用管理学、信息学、业务流程管理等理论,结合计算机技术,运用结构化系统分析方法,对数字化医院信息系统进行了逻辑功能分析,并绘制出各部分的系统数据流程图,构建了基于医院业务流的数字化医院框架。②论文进行了翔实的实证研究,利用北京大学深圳医院一家全新的医院作为平台,设计并应用了一整套的数字化医院信息系统。③论文创新地应用改进的柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,超越对数型生产函数对医院数字化的生产效能进行了研究。
Objectives
Modern Information Technology (IT) has revolutionarily changed human's life style and enhanced their working efficiency. IT-based Hospital information system (HIS) has increasingly played an indispensable role in hospital management, supervision and decision making. On the basis of investigation related to HIS at home and abroad, this thesis aims to analyze the current development level of HIS, find out the existing problems, propose strategies to design an overall program and a HIS model that is fit for China's actual situation. Through this study, we resolves to provide a reference for the development of digital hospital information construction in China.
Methods
Theoretical study adopts deductive inference, analysis based upon literature reviews drawn from overseas databases such as Proquest, Wiley, Elsevier, Ebsco, Highwire press, Ovid, Googlescholar search engine; and domestic databases such as CNKI, VIP Information, Wanfang DATA etc. The data of empirical study are from statistics and participatory observations of case studies. Empirical study is analyzed by statistics analysis methods and comparative analysis methods.
Results
Digitalized hospital manifests in a three-in-one integrated information system which comprises digital medical equipment, computer network platform and hospital software system. It uses digital and network technology to integrate hospital operation information and management information in order to achieve maximum information collection, transmission, storage, utilization, sharing, and reflects the full application of modern information and process management in the health domain and its resource allocations. HIS significantly improves hospital management level and work efficiency, greatly facilitate patients and enhance their satisfaction, and also brings about remarkable social and economic benefits.
Conclusions
This research proposed the following suggestions:
①The construction of digital hospital realizes seamless integration of HIS, LIS and PACS system, so that resource-sharing between the clinical and medical technology departments becomes a reality, and becomes an effective way to eliminate the phenomenon of Information Isolated Island.②Utilizing data mining and decision-making technology, digital hospital construction can fully carry out management thinking of managers, fundamentally improve medical service quality, reduce health care costs and improve patients Satisfaction, mitigate the predicament of "Low Accessibility" in health service to a certain extent.③Digital hospital construction decreases the manual workload of medical personnel so as to avoid manual loopholes, improves workflow and enhances work efficiency, standardizes hospital's business processes and enhances the satisfaction of medical staff.④Digital hospital construction effectively improves productivity of hospitals and remarkably increases their revenue.
Innovations
This study combines qualitative and quantitative research methods, which include both theoretical thinking of HIS theory and quantitative research of HIS performance evaluation. The innovations of this study manifest in three areas::①Employing principles of management, information science, business process management theory, this thesis combines structured systems analysis methods with computer technology, makes logical function analysis of digital hospital information system, and maps out the data flow chart of each subsystem, consequently a BMP-based digital framework for E-hospital is built up.②Taking Peking University Shenzhen Hospital as a platform, this study has done detailed empirical research for the design and application of an integrated digital hospital information system.③Modified Cobb - Douglas production function and Translog production function are innovatively applied to investigate the productive effectiveness for digital hospitals.
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68. Smits M, Van G. Development in Hospital Management and Infomration Systems. Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Science, 1999:1-9.
69. Dick RS, Steen EB, eds. The Computer-based patient record. An essential technology for health care. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1991 (first ed.) and 1997 (second ed.)
70. Baud RH, Rassinoux AM, Scherrer JR. Natural language processing and semantical representation of medical texts. Meth Inform Med 1992, 31:117-125
71. Sager N, Lynman M, Tick LJ, Ngo TN, Bucknall CE. Natural language processing of asthma discharge summaries for the monitoring of patient care. In: Safran C,ed. Proceedings of the 17th symposium in computer applications in medical care. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993:269-273
72. Rector AL, Nowlan WA, Kay S, Goble CA, Howkins TJ. A framework for modelling the electronic medical record. Meth Inform Med 1993,32:109-119
73. Quaak MJ, Westerman RF, van Bemmel JH. Comparisons between written and computerized patient histories, patient complaints and diagnostic hypotheses. BMJ 1987,295:184-190
74. Moorman PW, van Ginneken AM, van der Lei J, van Bemmel JH. A model for structured data entry based on explicit descriptional knowledge. Meth Inform Med 1994, 33:454-463
75. Spangenberg, H.H. (1992). A systems approach to performance appraisal in organizations. Paper presented at the ~(25)th International Congress of Psychology, Brussels, Belgium.
76. Fisher-J.E; Bands. -J; Bowlen, -N. Straight talk: New Apporaches in Healthcare. The digital hospital comes of age.Modhealhc, 2002,32(43):59-62
77. Kelly, Beckiev Cutting ties Tiwh Phone Lines, Deliery Sysetm' s Physicinas Remotely Access Its Hospital Information sysestem via the Internet.Saveing thousands of dollars. Health-Data-Mnaga.2002,10(3): 32-33.
1.李包罗主编.医院管理学:信息管理分册.北京:人民卫生出版社,2003
2.傅征,任连仲.医院信息系统建设与应用.北京:人民军医出版社,2002
3.金新政等,医院管理信息系统.北京:人民卫生出版社,2002.9
4.中华人民共和国卫生部信息化工作领导小组.医院信息系统基本功能规范.北京.2002
5.Theo Lippeveld,Rainer Sauerborn,Claude Bodart,李竹,饶克勤,吴静译.卫生信息系统的设计与实施.北京:人民卫生出版社,2002
6.曹桂荣.医院管理学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2003
7.王田苗,胡耀光,基于价值链的企业流程再造与信息集成,北京:清华大学出版社,2002
8.彭东辉,流程再造教程,哈尔滨:航空工业出版社,2004
9.石惠波,如何进行流程设计与再造,北京:北京大学出版社,2004
10.陈春涛,卢祖洵,孙传彬.医院数字化建设的探索.中华医院管理杂志,2007,23(1):47-50.
11.张建设.谈数字化医院的建设与发展.解放军医院管理杂志,2007,14(10):782-783.
12.高晋华.数字化医院建设的实践与体会.解放军医院管理杂志,2007,14(1):10-11.
13.曹文献.军队医院综合绩效评价的实践与思考.解放军医院管理杂志,2007,14(6):401-402.
14.陈春涛,卢祖洵,孙传彬.数字化医院建设中信息技术外包的实践与思考.中华医院管理杂志,2006,12(12):852-854.
15.马中立,张凌.医院信息化对医院现代化建设的作用.中华医院管理杂志,2006,22(5):350-351.
16.徐昀.医院信息系统实施中的几个问题.中华医院管理杂志,2006,21(4):247-250.
17.范启勇,王杰宁,邬惊雷.数字化医院的内涵 特征和基本框架.中华医院管理杂 志,2006,22(1):57-58.
18.范启勇,王杰宁,陆培明,沈惠德.上海对数字化医院的研究和实现策略.中华医院管理杂志,2006,22(1):54-56.
19.刘围祥,吴吴,李书章,等.数字化医院的概念和系统结构模型研究.中国医院管理,2004,11(1):25-27.
20.吴吴,刘国祥,任家顺,等.业务流程重组在数字化医院建设中的应用.中华医院管理杂志,2004,20;556-558.
21.来勇臣,宋镇.业务流程重组对医院信息化建设的重要性.中华医院管理杂志,2004,20:750-752.
22.刘雄飞,陈金雄.加强信息系统建设提高医院现代管理水平.中华医院管理杂志,2004,20(8):552-556.
23.李书章,刘国祥,吴昊等.数字化医院建设思路与实践.解放军医院管理杂志,2004,11(2):108-110.
24.魏永华,李包罗.新一代医院信息系统的核心技术集成.中国医院2005,9(7):15-17.
25.陈良,郭文明.数字化医院建设的层次与关键技术.医疗卫生装备,2005,26(1):37-38
26.张雄,朱建民,蔡永葆,等.数字化医院建设初探[J].中华医学科研管杂志,2006,19(2):86-88.
27.尚文刚,吴华.医院信息系统建设的迫切性及有关问题探讨.医学信息,2004,17(7):406-407.
28.张聚兴,刘俊芳,杨龙频.医院信息管理系统实施中的经验与教训.中国医院,2004,8(9):74-75.
29.孟军齐,杨信丰等.混合打印接口应用程序研究.计算机应用研究,2004,(9):238-239.
30.陈金雄.我国医院数字化建设面临的主要问题与对策.医疗卫生装备,2004,4:35-36.
31.张琴.数字化医院的建设.中国现代实用医学杂志,2005,4(6):292-293.
32.贾文峰.中间件技术及其应用.洛阳大学学报,2005,20(4):42-45.
33.魏永华,李包罗,宋斌恒.基于HL7标准可扩展的医院异构系统间统一集成平台的研究.微型机与应用,2005,(8):35-37.
34.王景明,安自力.信息化建设在医院三次发展中的作用.解放军医院管理杂志,2004,11(6):504-505.
35.吕旭东.数字化医院发展趋势及构想.智能建筑,2005,(6):15-19.
36.潘登.医院信息系统的选择及其实施.中国医院,2005.9(1):45-46.
37.刘国祥,吴昊,李书章,等.数字化医院的概念和系统结构模型研究.中国医院管理,2004,11(10):25-27.
38.来勇臣,宋镇.业务流程重组对医院信息化建设的重要性.中华医院管理杂志,2004,20:750-752.
39.刘国祥,吴昊,李书章等.数字化医院的概念和系统结构模型研[J].究中国医院管理,2004,11(10):254.
40.吴昊,刘国祥,任家顺等.业务流程重组在数字化医院建设中的应用.中华医院管理杂志,2004,20:556.
41.Michael E.Porter,Strategy and the Internet,Harvard Business Review,Vol.79 Nc.3 2001
42.Zou Y B,Xie C X,Li Q Y.The Development of a web-based community healthcare system.Intelligent Control and Automation,2004.WCICA 2004.Fifth World Congress on,2004.6,6:15-19.
43.DRAZEN E,FORTIN J.Digital hospitals move off the drawing board[M].Oakland California Healthcare Foundation,2003:43-57.
44.Vargas B.Interoperability of Hospital Information System-A Case Study,IEEE,2003:79-85.
45.Gladwin,-J;Dixon,-R-A;-T-D.Implementing a new health Management Information System in Btn Uganda.Health policy Plan.2003,18(2):214-224
46.Marion.J.Ball.Hospital Information Systems:Perspectives Problems and prospects.International Journal of Medical Information.2003,69(1):83-89
47.Coile RC Jr.Managing the digital.Physician Exec,2003,29(3):48-51.
48.LeoPoldG.Technology Shapes tomorrow's digital hosPital.E-Times,2002(7)
49.JacksonC.Will Doctors follow digital hospital.A New staff,2002(5)
50. Alvin T.S.Chan, Jiannong Cao, Henry Chan, Gilbert Young. A Web-Enabled Framework for Smart Card APPlication in Health Serviees. Communications of the ACM, vol.44.No.9:77-82, 2001.
51. Terry Huston. Seeurity Issues for Implementation of E-Medical Reeords , Communications of the ACM, vol.44, No.9.September 2001.
52. Stepen Haag Maeve Cummings James Dawkins, Management Information Systems For the Information Age, 2~(nd) ed.McGraw-hill.ComPanies, Inc.2000, 133,164,509P
53. Gonsalves, G.C., Lederer, A.L., Mahaney, R.C., &Newkirk, H.E. "A Customer Resource Life Cycle Interpretation of the Impact of the World Wide Web on Competitiveness: Expeetions, and Achievements", Iniernational Journal of Electronic Commerce, Fall, Vol.4, No.1, 1999
54. Kuperman GJ, Gardner RP, Pryor TA. A Dynamic Hospital Information System. Springer Verlag, 1991.
55. Stasiu RK , Bichinho G L. Components proposal for medical images and HIS.Computer-Based Medical Systems, 2001. CBMS 2001. Proceedings. 14~(th) IEEE SymPosium on, 2001.7:26-27.
56. Fandray, Dayton. The new thinking in performance appraisal. Workforce, 2001, 80(5): 36.
57. Staggers N, Thompson CB,Halpern SR. History and trends in clinical information systems in the United States. J Nurs Schol2arsh. 2001, 33(1): 75281.
58. Patel VL, Kushniruk AW, Yang S, et al. Impact of a computer based patient record system on data collection, knowledge or oganization,and reasoning.J Am Med Inform Assoc.2000.
59. Richard l, Kitney C F. The Electronic Medical Record (MER) and object relational databases. Proceedings of the 20~(th) Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Soeiety, 1998:1181-1184.
60. Ribiere V, Lasalle A J, Khorrmashahgol R. Hospital information systems quality:a customer satisfaction assessment tool. System Sciences, 1999. HICSS-32.Proceedings of the 32~(nd) Annual Hawaii International Conference on, 1999.1, 4:5-8.
61. Kanungo S. A framework for a medical information system. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1995 and 14~(th) Conference of the Biomedical Engineering Society of India. An International Meeting, Proceedings of the First Regional Conference, IEEE, 1995:15-18.
62. Kitney R I, Bickram S, Claesen. Clinical trials of an electronic medical record system. Computers in Cardiology 1998, 1998.9:13-16.
63. Ton A, Henk J, Klaas S. The definition selection and implementation of a new Hospital Information System to Pre prepare the hospital for the electronic future: An example of project based education. Proceedings of the 32~(nd) Hawaii Intenrational Conference on System Seience, 1999:1-11.
64. Smits M, Van G. Development in Hospital Management and Infomration Systems. Proceedings of the 32~(nd) Hawaii International Conference on System Science, 1999:1-9.
65. Dick RS, Steen EB, eds. The Computer-based patient record. An essential technology for health care. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1991 (first ed.) and 1997 (second ed.)
66. Baud RH, Rassinoux AM, Scherrer JR. Natural language processing and semantical representation of medical texts. Meth Inform Med 1992, 31:117-125
67. Sager N, Lynman M, Tick LJ, Ngo TN, Bucknall CE. Natural language processing of asthma discharge summaries for the monitoring of patient care. In: Safran C,ed. Proceedings of the 17th symposium in computer applications in medical care. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993:269-273
68. Rector AL, Nowlan WA, Kay S, Goble CA, Howkins TJ. A framework for modelling the electronic medical record. Meth Inform Med 1993, 32:109-119
69. Quaak MJ, Westerman RF, van Bemmel JH. Comparisons between written and computerized patient histories, patient complaints and diagnostic hypotheses. BMJ 1987,295:184-190
70. Moorman PW, van Ginneken AM, van der Lei J, van Bemmel JH. A model for structured data entry based on explicit descriptional knowledge. Meth Inform Med 1994, 33:454-463
71. Spangenberg, H.H. (1992). A systems approach to performance appraisal in organizations. Paper presented at the 25~(th) International Congress of Psychology, Brussels, Belgium.
72. Fisher-J.E; Bands, -J; Bowlen, -N. Straight talk: New Apporaches in Healthcare. The digital hospital comes of age.Modhealhc, 2002,32(43):59-62
73. Kelly, Beckiev Cutting ties Tiwh Phone Lines, Deliery Sysetm's Physicinas Remotely Access Its Hospital Information sysestem via the Internet.Saveing thousands of dollars. Health-Data-Mnaga.2002,10(3): 32-33.
2.李包罗主编.医院管理学:信息管理分册.北京:人民卫生出版社,2003
3.傅征,任连仲.医院信息系统建设与应用.北京:人民军医出版社,2002
4.金新政等,医院管理信息系统.北京:人民卫生出版社,2002.9
5.罗爱静,李康.卫生信息管理学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2003
6.杨秀章编著.PowerBuilder8.0开发指南.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
7.中华人民共和国卫生部信息化工作领导小组.医院信息系统基本功能规范.北京.2002
8.Theo Lippeveld,Rainer Sauerbom,Claude Bodart,李竹,饶克勤,吴静译.卫生信息系统的设计与实施.北京:人民卫生出版社,2002
9.曹桂荣.医院管理学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2003
10.王田苗,胡耀光,基于价值链的企业流程再造与信息集成,北京:清华大学出版社,2002
11.彭东辉,流程再造教程,哈尔滨:航空工业出版社,2004
12.石惠波,如何进行流程设计与再造,北京:北京大学出版社,2004
13.陈春涛,卢祖洵,孙传彬.医院数字化建设的探索.中华医院管理杂志,2007,23(1):47-50.
14.张建设.谈数字化医院的建设与发展.解放军医院管理杂志,2007,14(10):782-783.
15.高晋华.数字化医院建设的实践与体会.解放军医院管理杂志,2007,14(1):10-11.
16.曹文献.军队医院综合绩效评价的实践与思考.解放军医院管理杂志,2007,14(6):401-402.
17.陈春涛,卢祖洵,孙传彬.数字化医院建设中信息技术外包的实践与思考.中华医院管理杂志,2006,12(12):852-854.
18.马中立,张凌.医院信息化对医院现代化建设的作用.中华医院管理杂志,2006, 22(5):350-351.
19.徐昀.医院信息系统实施中的几个问题.中华医院管理杂志,2006,21(4):247-250.
20.范启勇,王杰宁,邬惊雷.数字化医院的内涵 特征和基本框架.中华医院管理杂志,2006,22(1):57-58.
21.范启勇,王杰宁,陆培明,沈惠德.上海对数字化医院的研究和实现策略.中华医院管理杂志,2006,22(1):54-56.
22.刘围祥,吴吴,李书章,等.数字化医院的概念和系统结构模型研究.中国医院管理,2004,11(1):25-27.
23.吴吴,刘国祥,任家顺,等.业务流程重组在数字化医院建设中的应用.中华医院管理杂志,2004,20;556-558.
24.来勇臣,宋镇.业务流程重组对医院信息化建设的重要性.中华医院管理杂志,2004,20:750-752.
25.刘雄飞,陈金雄.加强信息系统建设提高医院现代管理水平.中华医院管理杂志,2004,20(8):552-556.
26.李书章,刘国祥,吴昊等.数字化医院建设思路与实践.解放军医院管理杂志,2004,11(2):108-110.
27.魏永华,李包罗.新一代医院信息系统的核心技术集成.中国医院2005,9(7):15-17.
28.陈良,郭文明.数字化医院建设的层次与关键技术.医疗卫生装备,2005,26(1):37-38
29.张雄,朱建民,蔡永葆,等.数字化医院建设初探[J].中华医学科研管杂志,2006,19(2):86-88.
30.尚文刚,吴华.医院信息系统建设的迫切性及有关问题探讨.医学信息,2004,17(7):406-407.
31.张聚兴,刘俊芳,杨龙频.医院信息管理系统实施中的经验与教训.中国医院,2004,8(9):74-75.
32.孟军齐,杨信丰等.混合打印接口应用程序研究.计算机应用研究,2004,(9):238-239.
33.陈金雄.我国医院数字化建设面临的主要问题与对策.医疗卫生装备,2004,4:35-36.
34.张荣霞.医院信息系统面临的困惑.医学信息,2005,18(9):1084-1085.
35.张琴.数字化医院的建设.中国现代实用医学杂志,2005,4(6):292-293.
36.贾文峰.中间件技术及其应用.洛阳大学学报,2005,20(4):42-45.
37.魏永华,李包罗,宋斌恒.基于HL7标准可扩展的医院异构系统间统一集成平台的研究.微型机与应用,2005,(8):35-37.
38.王景明,安自力.信息化建设在医院三次发展中的作用.解放军医院管理杂志,2004,11(6):504-505.
39.吕旭东.数字化医院发展趋势及构想.智能建筑,2005,(6):15-19.
40.潘登.医院信息系统的选择及其实施.中国医院,2005.9(1):45-46.
41.刘国祥,吴昊,李书章,等.数字化医院的概念和系统结构模型研究.中国医院管理,2004,11(10):25-27.
42.来勇臣,宋镇.业务流程重组对医院信息化建设的重要性.中华医院管理杂志,2004,20:750-752.
43.刘国祥,吴昊,李书章等.数字化医院的概念和系统结构模型研[J].究中国医院管理,2004,11(10):254.
44.吴昊,刘国祥,任家顺等.业务流程重组在数字化医院建设中的应用.中华医院管理杂志,2004,20:556.
45.Michael E.Porter.Strategy and the Internet,Harvard Business Review,Vol.79 Nc.3 2001
46.Zou Y B,Xie C X,Li Q Y.The Development of a web-based community healthcare system.Intelligent Control and Automation,2004.WCICA 2004.Fifth World Congress on,2004.6,6:15-19.
47.DRAZEN E,FORTIN J.Digital hospitals move off the drawing board[M].Oakland California Healthcare Foundation,2003:43-57.
48.Vargas B.Interoperability of Hospital Information System-A Case Study,IEEE,2003:79-85.
49.Gladwin,-J;Dixon,-R-A;-T-D.Implementing a new health Management Information System in Btn Uganda.Health policy Plan.2003,18(2):214-224
50.Marion.J.Ball.Hospital Information Systems:Perspectives Problems and prospects. International Journal of Medical Information. 2003, 69(1):83-89
51. Coile RC Jr. Managing the digital. Physician Exec, 2003, 29(3):48-51.
52. LeoPoldG Technology Shapes tomorrow's digital hosPital. E-Times, 2002(7)
53. JacksonC. Will Doctors follow digital hospital. A New staff, 2002(5)
54. Alvin T.S.Chan, Jiannong Cao, Henry Chan, Gilbert Young. A Web-Enabled Framework for Smart Card APPlication in Health Serviees. Communications of the ACM, vol.44.No.9:77-82, 2001.
55. Terry Huston. Seeurity Issues for Implementation of E-Medical Reeords , Communications of the ACM, vol.44, No.9.September 2001.
56. Stepen Haag Maeve Cummings James Dawkins, Management Information Systems For the Information Age, 2nd ed.McGraw-hill.ComPanies, Inc.2000, 133,164,509P
57. Gonsalves, G.C., Lederer, A.L., Mahaney, R.C., &Newkirk, H.E. "A Customer Resource Life Cycle Interpretation of the Impact of the World Wide Web on Competitiveness: Expeetions, and Achievements", International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Fall, Vol.4, No.1, 1999
58. Kuperman GJ, Gardner RP, Pryor TA. A Dynamic Hospital Information System. Springer Verlag, 1991.
59. Stasiu RK, Bichinho G L. Components proposal for medical images and HIS.Computer-Based Medical Systems, 2001. CBMS 2001. Proceedings. 14th IEEE SymPosium on, 2001.7:26-27.
60. Fandray, Dayton. The new thinking in performance appraisal. Workforce, 2001, 80(5): 36.
61. Staggers N, Thompson CB,Halpern SR. History and trends in clinical information systems in the United StatesJ Nurs Schol2arsh. 2001, 33(1): 75281.
62. Patel VL, Kushniruk AW, Yang S, et al. Impact of a computer based patient record system on data collection, knowledge or oganization,and reasoning. J Am Med Inform Assoc.2000.
63. Richard l, Kitney C F. The Electronic Medical Record (MER) and object relational databases. Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Soeiety, 1998:1181-1184.
64. Ribiere V, Lasalle A J, Khorrmashahgol R. Hospital information systems quality:a customer satisfaction assessment tool. System Sciences, 1999. HICSS-32.Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on, 1999.1, 4:5-8.
65. Kanungo S. A framework for a medical information system. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1995 and 14th Conference of the Biomedical Engineering Society of India. An International Meeting, Proceedings of the First Regional Conference, IEEE, 1995:15-18.
66. Kitney R I, Bickram S, Claesen. Clinical trials of an electronic medical record system. Computers in Cardiology 1998, 1998.9:13-16.
67. Ton A, Henk J, Klaas S. The definition selection and implementation of a new Hospital Information System to Pre prepare the hospital for the electronic future: An example of project based education. Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Seience, 1999:1-11.
68. Smits M, Van G. Development in Hospital Management and Infomration Systems. Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Science, 1999:1-9.
69. Dick RS, Steen EB, eds. The Computer-based patient record. An essential technology for health care. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1991 (first ed.) and 1997 (second ed.)
70. Baud RH, Rassinoux AM, Scherrer JR. Natural language processing and semantical representation of medical texts. Meth Inform Med 1992, 31:117-125
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