CdAA吸附生长猪日粮中镉效果的研究
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摘要
本课题以“杜长大”三元杂交猪为试验对象，首次研究了添加CdAA对日粮中镉的吸附效果。
192头“杜长大”三元杂交猪(体重27.6±1.44kg)按试养试验要求分成4组，每组设三个重复，每个重复16头(公母各半，公猪去势)。对照组饲喂生产用饲粮，试验组分别在生产用饲粮中添加0.5％CdAA(试验1组，T1)、0.5％CdAA+10mg／kg镉(试验2组，T2)、10mg／kg镉(试验3组，T3)。试验猪采用以栏为单位群饲，自由采食和饮水。试养试验预试期7天，正试期83天，试验期间每7天记录耗料情况。饲养试验结束后，按体重相近的要求，从每个重复中各选4头(公母各半)共48头，按常规方法屠宰。屠宰后观察内脏器官病变；收集全血样，测定血红蛋白含量；制作血清，测定血清GOT、GPT、ALP、SOD、GSH-Px活性和TP、ALB、SUN、CHL、TG的含量及IgG、IgA、IgM水平；取脾脏、肠淋巴结、胸腺称重；采集背最长肌、肝、肾、全血等样品测镉的残留。
组织器官镉残留测定结果表明：生产用饲粮添加CdAA组(试验1组)生长肥育猪的肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中镉残留量分别为0.03、0.24、0.57mg／kg，达到了国际上对肉食品中重金属镉限定的最高标准(欧盟标准：肌肉0.05mg／kg，肝脏0.5mg／kg，肾脏1.0mg／kg)，分别比对照组降低90.9％(P＜0.01)、81.4％(P＜0.01)、75.2％(P＜0.01)。试验2组肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中镉残留量分别比试验3组降低78.7％(P＜0.01)、77.7％(P＜0.01)、76.8％(P＜0.01)。全血中镉的含量试验1组比对照组降低82.6％(P＜0.01)，试验2
颐星.学世动戈J
组比试验3组降低71.4%(P<0.01)。
饲养试验表明:试验1组与对照组之间差异不显著。与试验3组相比，
试验2组日增重提高了15.0%(p<0.01)，料重比降低13.2%(p<0.01)。
内脏器官观察可见:试验3组肝脏、肾脏、脾稍肿大，胃粘膜溃疡等。
血红蛋白的测定结果表明:与对照组相比，试验1组提高了10石%
(P<0.01);试验2组比试验3组组提高了24.2%(p<0.01)。
血清中GSH一Px和SOD的活性测定结果发现:添加CdAA使GSH一Px和
SOD活性均有提高的趋势(P>0.05)。
免疫指标测定显示:日粮添加福使免疫器官相对重量呈增高的趋势，添
加cdAA则有降低免疫器官相对重量的效果。试验2组血清IgA、IgM水平
分别比试验3组提高了5.6%(P<0 .05)和巧.1%(P<0.05)，CdAA对IgG水平
有提高趋势。
血清生化指标测定结果表明:试验2组的血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转酶活
比试验3组分别降低7.9%(P<0.05)和18.7%(P<0.01)，试验2组与对照组
相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验2组血清碱性磷酸酶活性比试验3组提高
25.9%(P<0 .05)，与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组间的血清总蛋白、白
蛋白、尿素氮、胆固醇水平差异不显著(P>0.05)。
This experiment is conducted to evaluate the effects of CdAA to absorb cadmium in corn-soybean diets of growing pigs.
One hundred and ninety two Duroc * Landrace * Yorkshine growing pigs, (average initial weight of 27.6 +1.44 kg), were randomly allotted to four groups. Each group consisted of three pens of sixteen pigs (females and castrated males balanced). In the period of their growth, the pigs received three types of same basal diet (control) (3.11, 3.08, 3.03 Meal/kg, DE, respectively; 16.51, 15.90, 13.81% CP, respectively), supplemented with 0.5% CdAA (T1), 0.5 % CdAA and 10mg/kg cadmium (T2),10mg/kg mg/kg (T3), respectively. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The experiment diets were fed daily for 83d after being pretested for 7d. Feed consumption was recorded every week and no pigs were found died during experiment. At the end of feeding trial, Four pigs from each pen were selected based on similar live weight (sex balanced) and slaughtered. While the pigs were sacrificed, pathological changes of T4 were recorded and the samples of blood (serum), muscle, liver, kidney were collected for laboratory analysis.
The cadmium concentration on muscle, liver, and kidney cortex from pigs were determined. The average wet weight cadmium concentration in muscle, liver, and kidney of Tl were 0.03, 0.24, 0.57 mg/kg, respectively, which were depressed by
90.9 % (P<0.01), 81.4 % (P<0.01), 75.2 % (P<0.01), respectively and accord with the international tiptop standard (European Union standard). Compared with T3, the corresP<0nding concentrations in T2 decreased by 78.7 % (P<0.01), 77.7% (P<0.01), 76.8% (P<0.01), respectively. Cadmium concentration in blood of Tl decreased by 82.6 % (P<0.01) compared with control. The corresP<0nding concentration of T2 decreased by 71.4 % (P<0.01) compared with T3.
The result of feeding trial showed that there was no significance in ADG and F/G between Tl and control. ADG in T2 increased by 15.0 % (P<0.01) and F/G ration of this treat decreased by 13.2% (P<0.01) compared with T3.
Pathological changes were mainly found in T3 including a little tumefactive change of liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, and intestine lymphaden. Ulcer was found hi stomachic mucosa of this treatment.
Determination of hemoglobin level from each treatment indicated that CdAA can increase hemoglobin concentration. Compared with control, Hb in Tl increased by 10.6% (P<0.01). Hb in T2 increased by 24.2% (P<0.01) compared to T3.
The analysis of GSH-Px and SOD activities in serum showed that there was an upward tendency in treatments supplemented with CdAA. Tl was the highest among four's.
CdAA supplement can improve immune function in growing swine. Administration of dietary supplemental cadmium to pigs resulted in an upward tendency of relative weight of immune organs, whereas CdAA supplement can increase relative weight of immune organs. Among four groups, there was no significance between Tl and control or between T2 and T3. As far as Ig in serum was concerned, there was a downward tendency from groups added with cadmium. CdAA increase Ig level clearly. Compared with T3, serum IgA and IgM levels of T2 increased 5.6% (P<0.05), 15.1% (P<0.05) respectively.
The analysis of serum biochemical parameters indicated that there was an upward tendency, as far as GOT and GPT in T2 and T3 was concerned. Compared with T3, GOT and GPT activities of T2 decreased by 7.9% (P<0.05) ,18.7% (P<0.01) respectively. There was no significance between T2 and control or between Tl and control (P>0.05, P>0.9 respectively). There was a downward tendency, as far as ALP
of treatments supplement cadmium was concerned. Compared with T3, ALP level of T2 increased by 25.9% (P<0.05). There was no significance between T2 and control or between Tl and control (P>0.05, P>0.05 respectively). As far as serum TP, ALM, SUN levels was concerned, there was no significance among four groups (P>0.05), but there was a downward tendency from treatments added with cadmium and T3 was the lowest. There was no significance for serum CH
192头“杜长大”三元杂交猪(体重27.6±1.44kg)按试养试验要求分成4组，每组设三个重复，每个重复16头(公母各半，公猪去势)。对照组饲喂生产用饲粮，试验组分别在生产用饲粮中添加0.5％CdAA(试验1组，T1)、0.5％CdAA+10mg／kg镉(试验2组，T2)、10mg／kg镉(试验3组，T3)。试验猪采用以栏为单位群饲，自由采食和饮水。试养试验预试期7天，正试期83天，试验期间每7天记录耗料情况。饲养试验结束后，按体重相近的要求，从每个重复中各选4头(公母各半)共48头，按常规方法屠宰。屠宰后观察内脏器官病变；收集全血样，测定血红蛋白含量；制作血清，测定血清GOT、GPT、ALP、SOD、GSH-Px活性和TP、ALB、SUN、CHL、TG的含量及IgG、IgA、IgM水平；取脾脏、肠淋巴结、胸腺称重；采集背最长肌、肝、肾、全血等样品测镉的残留。
组织器官镉残留测定结果表明：生产用饲粮添加CdAA组(试验1组)生长肥育猪的肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中镉残留量分别为0.03、0.24、0.57mg／kg，达到了国际上对肉食品中重金属镉限定的最高标准(欧盟标准：肌肉0.05mg／kg，肝脏0.5mg／kg，肾脏1.0mg／kg)，分别比对照组降低90.9％(P＜0.01)、81.4％(P＜0.01)、75.2％(P＜0.01)。试验2组肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中镉残留量分别比试验3组降低78.7％(P＜0.01)、77.7％(P＜0.01)、76.8％(P＜0.01)。全血中镉的含量试验1组比对照组降低82.6％(P＜0.01)，试验2
颐星.学世动戈J
组比试验3组降低71.4%(P<0.01)。
饲养试验表明:试验1组与对照组之间差异不显著。与试验3组相比，
试验2组日增重提高了15.0%(p<0.01)，料重比降低13.2%(p<0.01)。
内脏器官观察可见:试验3组肝脏、肾脏、脾稍肿大，胃粘膜溃疡等。
血红蛋白的测定结果表明:与对照组相比，试验1组提高了10石%
(P<0.01);试验2组比试验3组组提高了24.2%(p<0.01)。
血清中GSH一Px和SOD的活性测定结果发现:添加CdAA使GSH一Px和
SOD活性均有提高的趋势(P>0.05)。
免疫指标测定显示:日粮添加福使免疫器官相对重量呈增高的趋势，添
加cdAA则有降低免疫器官相对重量的效果。试验2组血清IgA、IgM水平
分别比试验3组提高了5.6%(P<0 .05)和巧.1%(P<0.05)，CdAA对IgG水平
有提高趋势。
血清生化指标测定结果表明:试验2组的血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转酶活
比试验3组分别降低7.9%(P<0.05)和18.7%(P<0.01)，试验2组与对照组
相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验2组血清碱性磷酸酶活性比试验3组提高
25.9%(P<0 .05)，与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组间的血清总蛋白、白
蛋白、尿素氮、胆固醇水平差异不显著(P>0.05)。
This experiment is conducted to evaluate the effects of CdAA to absorb cadmium in corn-soybean diets of growing pigs.
One hundred and ninety two Duroc * Landrace * Yorkshine growing pigs, (average initial weight of 27.6 +1.44 kg), were randomly allotted to four groups. Each group consisted of three pens of sixteen pigs (females and castrated males balanced). In the period of their growth, the pigs received three types of same basal diet (control) (3.11, 3.08, 3.03 Meal/kg, DE, respectively; 16.51, 15.90, 13.81% CP, respectively), supplemented with 0.5% CdAA (T1), 0.5 % CdAA and 10mg/kg cadmium (T2),10mg/kg mg/kg (T3), respectively. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The experiment diets were fed daily for 83d after being pretested for 7d. Feed consumption was recorded every week and no pigs were found died during experiment. At the end of feeding trial, Four pigs from each pen were selected based on similar live weight (sex balanced) and slaughtered. While the pigs were sacrificed, pathological changes of T4 were recorded and the samples of blood (serum), muscle, liver, kidney were collected for laboratory analysis.
The cadmium concentration on muscle, liver, and kidney cortex from pigs were determined. The average wet weight cadmium concentration in muscle, liver, and kidney of Tl were 0.03, 0.24, 0.57 mg/kg, respectively, which were depressed by
90.9 % (P<0.01), 81.4 % (P<0.01), 75.2 % (P<0.01), respectively and accord with the international tiptop standard (European Union standard). Compared with T3, the corresP<0nding concentrations in T2 decreased by 78.7 % (P<0.01), 77.7% (P<0.01), 76.8% (P<0.01), respectively. Cadmium concentration in blood of Tl decreased by 82.6 % (P<0.01) compared with control. The corresP<0nding concentration of T2 decreased by 71.4 % (P<0.01) compared with T3.
The result of feeding trial showed that there was no significance in ADG and F/G between Tl and control. ADG in T2 increased by 15.0 % (P<0.01) and F/G ration of this treat decreased by 13.2% (P<0.01) compared with T3.
Pathological changes were mainly found in T3 including a little tumefactive change of liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, and intestine lymphaden. Ulcer was found hi stomachic mucosa of this treatment.
Determination of hemoglobin level from each treatment indicated that CdAA can increase hemoglobin concentration. Compared with control, Hb in Tl increased by 10.6% (P<0.01). Hb in T2 increased by 24.2% (P<0.01) compared to T3.
The analysis of GSH-Px and SOD activities in serum showed that there was an upward tendency in treatments supplemented with CdAA. Tl was the highest among four's.
CdAA supplement can improve immune function in growing swine. Administration of dietary supplemental cadmium to pigs resulted in an upward tendency of relative weight of immune organs, whereas CdAA supplement can increase relative weight of immune organs. Among four groups, there was no significance between Tl and control or between T2 and T3. As far as Ig in serum was concerned, there was a downward tendency from groups added with cadmium. CdAA increase Ig level clearly. Compared with T3, serum IgA and IgM levels of T2 increased 5.6% (P<0.05), 15.1% (P<0.05) respectively.
The analysis of serum biochemical parameters indicated that there was an upward tendency, as far as GOT and GPT in T2 and T3 was concerned. Compared with T3, GOT and GPT activities of T2 decreased by 7.9% (P<0.05) ,18.7% (P<0.01) respectively. There was no significance between T2 and control or between Tl and control (P>0.05, P>0.9 respectively). There was a downward tendency, as far as ALP
of treatments supplement cadmium was concerned. Compared with T3, ALP level of T2 increased by 25.9% (P<0.05). There was no significance between T2 and control or between Tl and control (P>0.05, P>0.05 respectively). As far as serum TP, ALM, SUN levels was concerned, there was no significance among four groups (P>0.05), but there was a downward tendency from treatments added with cadmium and T3 was the lowest. There was no significance for serum CH
引文
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