甜菜废粕中膳食纤维的提取及其改性的研究
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摘要
本论文采用微波萃取法、与酶法提取、纯化甜菜膳食纤维，并对其羧甲基化改性，以提高其水溶性膳食纤维含量和总膳食纤维含量，通过与传统化学提取方法比较，确定综合利用甜菜干废粕的工艺参数和工艺流程。具体结果如下：
1．微波萃取甜菜可溶性膳食纤维-果胶最佳条件：原料粒度为40目，萃取剂为pH为2的硫酸溶液，微波功率为900W，萃取时间为75秒／次，液料比为16∶1ml／g，萃取次数为4次。按以上工艺重复三次实验得出提取果胶占甜菜废粕比例为20.01％，胶粘度为63，残渣占甜菜废粕比例为76.15％。
2．酶法脱除蛋白、纯化获得不可溶膳食纤维最佳条件：酶解液pH为6.6，酶解温度为65℃，酶的添加量为0.20％，液料比13∶1ml／g，时间为80min，一次可脱除51.36％的总蛋白，二次酶解，可脱除实验材料中98.56％的总蛋白，得不可溶性膳食纤维占甜菜废粕重量比例为64.36％。
3．甜菜膳食纤维羧甲基化改性的最佳条件：15％氢氧化钠、20％一氯乙酸、35℃碱化温度、50℃醚化温度、2.0h醚化时间。得取代度值为80.43％，羧甲基化改性后甜菜膳食纤维占甜菜废粕重量比例高达36.51％。
4．提取甜菜膳食纤维的拟优化工艺流程：
甜菜废粕中膳食纤维的提取及改性的研究
甜菜废粕(干粕)一预处理一微波萃取
过滤~滤液~盐法纯化果胶一干燥一可溶膳食纤维·果胶
4
滤渣
酶解除蛋白
高温灭酶
过滤
滤渣一漂洗~千燥一不可溶性膳食纤维(工DF)
碱法提取半纤维素
碱法制取碱性纤维素
4
甜菜膳食纤维梭甲基化改性
℃
To get products in high quality, by using the technology of microwave-induced extraction, enzyme protein, and chloroacetic acid solvent to transform sugar beet pulp dietary fiber(SBP) in the research,combined their merits, explored the best technological extracting and transforming SBP. The results are as follows:
1. Results showed that the optimum microwave-induced extraction was as follows: 20 particle size of raw material, the solution of hydrochloric acid pH2, liquid-to-solid ratio 16:l(ml/g), 900w power of microwave, four times radiation with 75 seconds per time. Under these extracting conditions, comparing with raw material weight, the 20.01 % of pectin with 63 viscosity, and 76.15 % of residue was obtained.
2. Results showed that the optimum enzymolysis was as foliows:0.20percent concentration of papain, hydrolysis 65℃, hydrolysis time 60min,added two times, ,and liquid-to-solid ratio 13:l(ml/g) with pH 6.6, under these conditions, the final product with 1.44% protein , and 64.36% of IDF was obtained.
3. Results showed that the optimum condition in carboxy methylation were: 15 percent sodium hydroxide , 20 % chloroacelic acid, alkalified 35℃, etherification 50℃, etherification time 120 min. Under these conditions, the final product with 80.43 percent of carboxy methylation, and 36.51% of SBP was obtained.
4. The excellent technological process of extracting SBP is as follows:
Dried Sugar beet pulp- pretreatment microwave irradiation extracting pectin filtration filter liquor-purifying pectin with Al2 (SO4) 3 seasoning- pectin(SDF)
I residue- enzymolysis- perishing enzyme- rinsing- seasoning-IDF
i extracting hemicellulose with alkaline process
1 extracting cellulose with alkaline process
i SBP with carboxy methylation
1．微波萃取甜菜可溶性膳食纤维-果胶最佳条件：原料粒度为40目，萃取剂为pH为2的硫酸溶液，微波功率为900W，萃取时间为75秒／次，液料比为16∶1ml／g，萃取次数为4次。按以上工艺重复三次实验得出提取果胶占甜菜废粕比例为20.01％，胶粘度为63，残渣占甜菜废粕比例为76.15％。
2．酶法脱除蛋白、纯化获得不可溶膳食纤维最佳条件：酶解液pH为6.6，酶解温度为65℃，酶的添加量为0.20％，液料比13∶1ml／g，时间为80min，一次可脱除51.36％的总蛋白，二次酶解，可脱除实验材料中98.56％的总蛋白，得不可溶性膳食纤维占甜菜废粕重量比例为64.36％。
3．甜菜膳食纤维羧甲基化改性的最佳条件：15％氢氧化钠、20％一氯乙酸、35℃碱化温度、50℃醚化温度、2.0h醚化时间。得取代度值为80.43％，羧甲基化改性后甜菜膳食纤维占甜菜废粕重量比例高达36.51％。
4．提取甜菜膳食纤维的拟优化工艺流程：
甜菜废粕中膳食纤维的提取及改性的研究
甜菜废粕(干粕)一预处理一微波萃取
过滤~滤液~盐法纯化果胶一干燥一可溶膳食纤维·果胶
4
滤渣
酶解除蛋白
高温灭酶
过滤
滤渣一漂洗~千燥一不可溶性膳食纤维(工DF)
碱法提取半纤维素
碱法制取碱性纤维素
4
甜菜膳食纤维梭甲基化改性
℃
To get products in high quality, by using the technology of microwave-induced extraction, enzyme protein, and chloroacetic acid solvent to transform sugar beet pulp dietary fiber(SBP) in the research,combined their merits, explored the best technological extracting and transforming SBP. The results are as follows:
1. Results showed that the optimum microwave-induced extraction was as follows: 20 particle size of raw material, the solution of hydrochloric acid pH2, liquid-to-solid ratio 16:l(ml/g), 900w power of microwave, four times radiation with 75 seconds per time. Under these extracting conditions, comparing with raw material weight, the 20.01 % of pectin with 63 viscosity, and 76.15 % of residue was obtained.
2. Results showed that the optimum enzymolysis was as foliows:0.20percent concentration of papain, hydrolysis 65℃, hydrolysis time 60min,added two times, ,and liquid-to-solid ratio 13:l(ml/g) with pH 6.6, under these conditions, the final product with 1.44% protein , and 64.36% of IDF was obtained.
3. Results showed that the optimum condition in carboxy methylation were: 15 percent sodium hydroxide , 20 % chloroacelic acid, alkalified 35℃, etherification 50℃, etherification time 120 min. Under these conditions, the final product with 80.43 percent of carboxy methylation, and 36.51% of SBP was obtained.
4. The excellent technological process of extracting SBP is as follows:
Dried Sugar beet pulp- pretreatment microwave irradiation extracting pectin filtration filter liquor-purifying pectin with Al2 (SO4) 3 seasoning- pectin(SDF)
I residue- enzymolysis- perishing enzyme- rinsing- seasoning-IDF
i extracting hemicellulose with alkaline process
1 extracting cellulose with alkaline process
i SBP with carboxy methylation
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