带膨胀节多管程换热器的有限元分析
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摘要
本文应用ANSYS有限元分析软件,对某一台带三层Ω型膨胀节的四管程换热器进行了有限元分析。
本课题主要做了以下研究工作：首先,为简化计算模型,研究了三层Ω型膨胀节和单层Ω型膨胀节在刚度和强度上的等效问题,并采用刚度等效后的单层Ω型膨胀节作为之后建立换热器整体模型的膨胀节。其次,在分析换热器几何结构和工艺条件的基础上,建立了带单层Ω型膨胀节换热器的有限元模型。考虑到结构的复杂性,建立模型时对管板和换热管进行了简化。第三,对换热器整体及换热管进行了传热计算,得到了换热器的整体温度场。然后,改进膨胀节的加强方式,建立新的有限元模型。最后,进行了换热器在管程压力、壳程压力、温度载荷及其组合载荷工况作用下的强度计算,得到了各种工况下的整体和局部的应力强度。同时,根据有限元的计算结果,依据JB4732-1995《钢制压力容器-分析设计标准》,对换热器整体和膨胀节部分进行了应力评定。
计算分析表明,经改进膨胀节加强方式后的换热器整体及局部均满足强度要求,该加强方式是可行的,该换热器是安全可靠的。
本文的分析计算结果对此类复杂状况换热器的设计优化提供了一定的计算依据。
In this thesis, a four-tube side heat exchanger with the 3-layerΩexpansion joint is studied by the fnite element analysis in using ANSYS software.
In this thesis, research works are done as follows. First of all, the monolayerΩexpansion joint is compared with the 3-layerΩexpansion joint in strength and stiffness. The equivalent stiffness of monolayerΩexpansion joint is used in the whole heat exchanger.
Secondly, geometric model and finite element analysis model of the whole heat exchanger with monolayerΩexpansion joint are built, it is based on the dimensions and processing of the equipment and consideration of its complexity.
Thirdly, temperature field and thermal stress of the heat exchanger are calculated by using the heat transfer calculations which are handled with the shell and tube of the heat exchanger.
Fouthly, geometric model and finite element analysis model of the heat exchanger with the improved strength mode of the expansion joint are built. Once more, temperature field and thermal stress of the heat exchanger are calculated.
Finaly, the strength of the heat exchanger is analyzed by the finite element model under various of combined loads from pressure in the tube, shell and temperature changing, and then stress intensity under the various of cases and location are obtained. Then according to the JB4732—1995《Steel pressure vessels—Design by analysis》, stresses in results of finite element analysis are assessed.
The analysis results show that the whole model and its elements of the heat exchanger meet the strength requirement by using new strength mode of the expansion joint. So the new mode is feasible, the design of the equipment is safe.
This analysis results can be used as useful reference data to optimized design in the complex heat exchanger.
本课题主要做了以下研究工作：首先,为简化计算模型,研究了三层Ω型膨胀节和单层Ω型膨胀节在刚度和强度上的等效问题,并采用刚度等效后的单层Ω型膨胀节作为之后建立换热器整体模型的膨胀节。其次,在分析换热器几何结构和工艺条件的基础上,建立了带单层Ω型膨胀节换热器的有限元模型。考虑到结构的复杂性,建立模型时对管板和换热管进行了简化。第三,对换热器整体及换热管进行了传热计算,得到了换热器的整体温度场。然后,改进膨胀节的加强方式,建立新的有限元模型。最后,进行了换热器在管程压力、壳程压力、温度载荷及其组合载荷工况作用下的强度计算,得到了各种工况下的整体和局部的应力强度。同时,根据有限元的计算结果,依据JB4732-1995《钢制压力容器-分析设计标准》,对换热器整体和膨胀节部分进行了应力评定。
计算分析表明,经改进膨胀节加强方式后的换热器整体及局部均满足强度要求,该加强方式是可行的,该换热器是安全可靠的。
本文的分析计算结果对此类复杂状况换热器的设计优化提供了一定的计算依据。
In this thesis, a four-tube side heat exchanger with the 3-layerΩexpansion joint is studied by the fnite element analysis in using ANSYS software.
In this thesis, research works are done as follows. First of all, the monolayerΩexpansion joint is compared with the 3-layerΩexpansion joint in strength and stiffness. The equivalent stiffness of monolayerΩexpansion joint is used in the whole heat exchanger.
Secondly, geometric model and finite element analysis model of the whole heat exchanger with monolayerΩexpansion joint are built, it is based on the dimensions and processing of the equipment and consideration of its complexity.
Thirdly, temperature field and thermal stress of the heat exchanger are calculated by using the heat transfer calculations which are handled with the shell and tube of the heat exchanger.
Fouthly, geometric model and finite element analysis model of the heat exchanger with the improved strength mode of the expansion joint are built. Once more, temperature field and thermal stress of the heat exchanger are calculated.
Finaly, the strength of the heat exchanger is analyzed by the finite element model under various of combined loads from pressure in the tube, shell and temperature changing, and then stress intensity under the various of cases and location are obtained. Then according to the JB4732—1995《Steel pressure vessels—Design by analysis》, stresses in results of finite element analysis are assessed.
The analysis results show that the whole model and its elements of the heat exchanger meet the strength requirement by using new strength mode of the expansion joint. So the new mode is feasible, the design of the equipment is safe.
This analysis results can be used as useful reference data to optimized design in the complex heat exchanger.
引文
[1]李永生,李建国.波形膨胀节实用技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2000
[2]汪扬.多层波纹管膨胀节的强度、刚度与屈曲分析研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2005
[3]蔡善喜,李建国,裴信廉.JB4731-93《压力容器波形膨胀节》标准介绍(二)[J].压力容器,1993,10(5)：373-374
[4]李建国.Q形膨胀节[J].化工设备设计,1998,35(5)：13-17
[5]杨义俊,王心丰.多层波纹管非线性有限元应力分析[J].设计计算,2003,20(9)：13-16
[6]丁伯民.换热器设计中设置膨胀节的判断和所需轴向伸缩量的计算.化工设备,2002,3
[7]黎廷新,李建国.波纹管膨胀节译文集[M]
[8]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003
[9]李添祥.Q形膨胀节的研究[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),1995,23(5)：75-80
[10]陈孙艺,陈宗强,韦华家,邹国强,李添祥,黎庭新.承受内压单层Q形薄壁膨胀节的应力验证分析[J].石油化工设备技术,2003,24(3)：21-23
[11]郭琳,白竞平.波形膨胀节对固定式列管换热器机械设计的影响[J].内蒙古石油化工,25：43-47
[12]赵英良,徐成贤,陈奕峰,徐静安.U形膨胀节的结构优化[J].工程数学学报,1996,13(12)：20-26
[13]贾志刚,寿比南,梅海涛.有限元方法在膨胀节强度分析中的应用[J].压力容器,2001,18(4)：43-45
[14]王刚,崔令江,张凯峰,孙金平.超塑成形的钛合金波形膨胀节质量检测和分析[J].压力容器,2007,24(10)：43-47
[15]卫继红.U形膨胀节设计标准的比较[J].黑龙江石油化工,1997,8(4)：31-33
[16]刘俊明.带膨胀节换热器轴向变形的分析与实用计算[J].化工设备设计,1998,35(3)：17-20
[17]何家胜,鲁录义,吴球红.单层及多层u形膨胀节轴向刚度有限元分析[J].石油化工设备,2004,33(5)：25-27
[18]朱玉华..ASME增补26与EJMA标准及GB-Y12777标准的异同[J].管道技术与设备,1996,3：16-18
[19]易南伟,黎庭新,岑汉钊,李添祥.椭圆界面Q形膨胀节的应力分析[J].石油化工设备,1998.5,27(3)：4-7
[20]Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufactures Association[M].Inc, Sixth edition,1993
[21]高海涛,钱才富,刘颖,徐鸿,寿比南.膨胀节标准简述[J].化工机械,2001,28(2)：106-109
[22]崔伯英,白忠喜.O形环膨胀节的设计与应力分析[J].设计计算：1-6
[23]厉建文,吴东山.半再生重整装置二段混氢换热器膨胀节失效分析及改造[J].石油化工设备,2007,36(6)：96-98
[24]张卫义,王庆生,孙晨.多乙二醇塔再沸器膨胀节应力强度评定[J].石油化工设备,2007,36(5)：23-26
[25]王大成.高压大直径Ω形膨胀节的优化设计[J].机械设计与制造,2003,2：50-52
[26]张卫义,田海晏.换热器膨胀节有限元分析的有效单元剖分方法[J].石油化工设备,2006.7,35(4),43-45
[27]白忠喜,崔伯英.换热器一种o形膨胀节结构参数的优化[J].化工设备与防腐蚀,2001.12,6：22-24
[28]胡丽莉.壳体膨胀节失效的固定管板换热器的修复[J].压力容器,2003,20(7)：48-50
[29]K.TsukimoriK.luataA.xmazuv.ookas.Koue,黎廷新李建国译.波纹管内压失稳的一种简化分析方法及实验验证,波纹管膨胀节译文集[M].上海：上海电力建设修造厂等出版单位协作出版：247-25
[30]赵英,王日忱,王玉仁.膨胀节在中温换热器上的应用及失效分析[J].压力容器,1997, 14(3)：74-76
[3l]周小琴,李华强,刘杰,肖金生.ANSYS三维热分析及应用[J].武汉交通科技大学学报,1999,23(1)：9-13
[32]谢志刚,陈小芹,谭志洪.考虑温度影响的平盖加筋封头结构应力强度分析[J].化工装备技术,2007,28(6)：22-26
[33]杨登福,任克峰.基于ANSYS的某刚性梁的热应力分析[J].科技信息,2008,12：27,46
[34]冷纪桐,吕洪,章姚辉,赵军.某固定管板式换热器的温度场与热应力分析.北京化工大学学报,2004,31(2)：104-107
[35]Singh K P, Hotlz M. An Approximate Method for Evaluating the Temperature Field in Tube sheet Liaments of Tubular Heat Exchangers Under Steady State Conditions [J]. ASME Journal of Engineering for Power,1982,4:885-900
[36]Ohol R D, Rane MT, Noras R A. A Finite Element Procedure for Temperature Distribution in Tube sheets [J]. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference of Pressure Vessel Technology, Dusseldorf, Spring Press,1992,2:355-370
[37]Kasahara N, Iwata K. Simplified 2-dimentional Thermal Analysis Method Considering 3-dimensional Heat Transfer [J]. Computational Mechanism 86, Springer Verlag.1986,2: 127-137
[38]Weiya Jin, Comparison of Two FEA Models for Calculating Stresses in Shell-and-tube Heat Exchanger. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping[J].2002,81:563-567
[39]倪栋,段进,许久成.通用有限元分析ANSYS7.0实例精解[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003
[40]小飒工作室.最新经典ANSYS及Workbench教程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004
[4l]甘建德,柴苍修.板翘式换热器的传热特性研究[J].机械工程与自动化,2008,2：56-58
[42]张朝晖.ANSYS热分析教程与实例解析[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2007
[43]JB4732-1995《钢质压力容器-分析设计标准》[S].北京：新华出版社,2007
[44]栾春远.压力容器ANSYS分析与强度计算[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2008
[45]GB151-1999《管壳式换热器》[S].中国标准出版社,1999
[46]李清娟.某环形管板换热器的有限元分析[D].北京：北京化工大学,2007
[47]陆明万,徐鸿.分析设计中若干重要问题的讨论[J].压力容器,2006,23(1)：16-19
[48]冷纪桐,赵军,张娅.有限元技术基础[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2007
[49]Prabhakara Rao Bobbili, Bengt Sunden, Sarit Kumar Das. Thermal analysis of plate condensers in presence of flow maldistribution [J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2006
[50]Sandip Bhattacharyya,Atanu Banerjee,S.K. Bhaumik.Failure analysis of oxygen hose of the lance equipmentin LD shop of Tata steel[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis,2008,15:1019-1026
[2]汪扬.多层波纹管膨胀节的强度、刚度与屈曲分析研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2005
[3]蔡善喜,李建国,裴信廉.JB4731-93《压力容器波形膨胀节》标准介绍(二)[J].压力容器,1993,10(5)：373-374
[4]李建国.Q形膨胀节[J].化工设备设计,1998,35(5)：13-17
[5]杨义俊,王心丰.多层波纹管非线性有限元应力分析[J].设计计算,2003,20(9)：13-16
[6]丁伯民.换热器设计中设置膨胀节的判断和所需轴向伸缩量的计算.化工设备,2002,3
[7]黎廷新,李建国.波纹管膨胀节译文集[M]
[8]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003
[9]李添祥.Q形膨胀节的研究[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),1995,23(5)：75-80
[10]陈孙艺,陈宗强,韦华家,邹国强,李添祥,黎庭新.承受内压单层Q形薄壁膨胀节的应力验证分析[J].石油化工设备技术,2003,24(3)：21-23
[11]郭琳,白竞平.波形膨胀节对固定式列管换热器机械设计的影响[J].内蒙古石油化工,25：43-47
[12]赵英良,徐成贤,陈奕峰,徐静安.U形膨胀节的结构优化[J].工程数学学报,1996,13(12)：20-26
[13]贾志刚,寿比南,梅海涛.有限元方法在膨胀节强度分析中的应用[J].压力容器,2001,18(4)：43-45
[14]王刚,崔令江,张凯峰,孙金平.超塑成形的钛合金波形膨胀节质量检测和分析[J].压力容器,2007,24(10)：43-47
[15]卫继红.U形膨胀节设计标准的比较[J].黑龙江石油化工,1997,8(4)：31-33
[16]刘俊明.带膨胀节换热器轴向变形的分析与实用计算[J].化工设备设计,1998,35(3)：17-20
[17]何家胜,鲁录义,吴球红.单层及多层u形膨胀节轴向刚度有限元分析[J].石油化工设备,2004,33(5)：25-27
[18]朱玉华..ASME增补26与EJMA标准及GB-Y12777标准的异同[J].管道技术与设备,1996,3：16-18
[19]易南伟,黎庭新,岑汉钊,李添祥.椭圆界面Q形膨胀节的应力分析[J].石油化工设备,1998.5,27(3)：4-7
[20]Standards of the Expansion Joint Manufactures Association[M].Inc, Sixth edition,1993
[21]高海涛,钱才富,刘颖,徐鸿,寿比南.膨胀节标准简述[J].化工机械,2001,28(2)：106-109
[22]崔伯英,白忠喜.O形环膨胀节的设计与应力分析[J].设计计算：1-6
[23]厉建文,吴东山.半再生重整装置二段混氢换热器膨胀节失效分析及改造[J].石油化工设备,2007,36(6)：96-98
[24]张卫义,王庆生,孙晨.多乙二醇塔再沸器膨胀节应力强度评定[J].石油化工设备,2007,36(5)：23-26
[25]王大成.高压大直径Ω形膨胀节的优化设计[J].机械设计与制造,2003,2：50-52
[26]张卫义,田海晏.换热器膨胀节有限元分析的有效单元剖分方法[J].石油化工设备,2006.7,35(4),43-45
[27]白忠喜,崔伯英.换热器一种o形膨胀节结构参数的优化[J].化工设备与防腐蚀,2001.12,6：22-24
[28]胡丽莉.壳体膨胀节失效的固定管板换热器的修复[J].压力容器,2003,20(7)：48-50
[29]K.TsukimoriK.luataA.xmazuv.ookas.Koue,黎廷新李建国译.波纹管内压失稳的一种简化分析方法及实验验证,波纹管膨胀节译文集[M].上海：上海电力建设修造厂等出版单位协作出版：247-25
[30]赵英,王日忱,王玉仁.膨胀节在中温换热器上的应用及失效分析[J].压力容器,1997, 14(3)：74-76
[3l]周小琴,李华强,刘杰,肖金生.ANSYS三维热分析及应用[J].武汉交通科技大学学报,1999,23(1)：9-13
[32]谢志刚,陈小芹,谭志洪.考虑温度影响的平盖加筋封头结构应力强度分析[J].化工装备技术,2007,28(6)：22-26
[33]杨登福,任克峰.基于ANSYS的某刚性梁的热应力分析[J].科技信息,2008,12：27,46
[34]冷纪桐,吕洪,章姚辉,赵军.某固定管板式换热器的温度场与热应力分析.北京化工大学学报,2004,31(2)：104-107
[35]Singh K P, Hotlz M. An Approximate Method for Evaluating the Temperature Field in Tube sheet Liaments of Tubular Heat Exchangers Under Steady State Conditions [J]. ASME Journal of Engineering for Power,1982,4:885-900
[36]Ohol R D, Rane MT, Noras R A. A Finite Element Procedure for Temperature Distribution in Tube sheets [J]. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference of Pressure Vessel Technology, Dusseldorf, Spring Press,1992,2:355-370
[37]Kasahara N, Iwata K. Simplified 2-dimentional Thermal Analysis Method Considering 3-dimensional Heat Transfer [J]. Computational Mechanism 86, Springer Verlag.1986,2: 127-137
[38]Weiya Jin, Comparison of Two FEA Models for Calculating Stresses in Shell-and-tube Heat Exchanger. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping[J].2002,81:563-567
[39]倪栋,段进,许久成.通用有限元分析ANSYS7.0实例精解[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003
[40]小飒工作室.最新经典ANSYS及Workbench教程[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004
[4l]甘建德,柴苍修.板翘式换热器的传热特性研究[J].机械工程与自动化,2008,2：56-58
[42]张朝晖.ANSYS热分析教程与实例解析[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2007
[43]JB4732-1995《钢质压力容器-分析设计标准》[S].北京：新华出版社,2007
[44]栾春远.压力容器ANSYS分析与强度计算[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2008
[45]GB151-1999《管壳式换热器》[S].中国标准出版社,1999
[46]李清娟.某环形管板换热器的有限元分析[D].北京：北京化工大学,2007
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