移动基站电磁环境研究
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摘要
在移动通信基站工程建设和日常运行中，经常发生关于“电磁辐射”的纠纷。如何按照国家环境保护的要求，在工程的前期规划和后期运行中有效避免基站的电磁辐射污染是实际工作中需要解决的问题。
本论文就是以国家环境保护局发布的国标“电磁辐射防护规定”(GB8702-88)及卫生部发布的国标“环境电磁波卫生标准”(GB9157-88)为根据，以移动通信基站为研究对象，在原理上对基站电磁波的属性、空间传输特性、基站电磁辐射的强度等进行研究，并对四个半波振子进行了仿真。通过matlab编程与仿真的结果作对比，来验证理论分析的正确性。同时在理论分析正确的基础上，依据电磁波传播模型和行业标准，计算出GSM基站符合标准的最大接收功率和最小的安全防护距离。最后根据基站电磁辐射的分布特征、特点，并结合文献中对基站实测的结果，提出一些减少电磁污染的措施和对基站建设的一些意见。本论文从环境保护的角度出发，为以后更加合理的基站建设提供相应的理论支持。
In the construction and daily operation of mobile communication base station projects, there are frequent disputes on "electromagnetic radiation". The problem of how to effectively avoid the electromagnetic pollution in the prophase planning and post operation according to the state environmental protection requirements need to be solved in practice.
This paper based on regulations for electromagnetic radiation protection (GB8702-88) issued by State Environmental Protection Administration of China and hygienic standard for environmental electromagnetic waves(GB9175-88)issued by Ministry of Health P.R.C, facing to the research of Mobile Communication Base Station, research about the property of electromagnetic waves in mobile base station, the peculiarity of space transmission and intension of electromagnetic radiation have been done, and the simulation results of four half-wave dipole are supplied. Through "matlab" programming and simulation results for comparison, to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Meanwhile on the basis of the theoretical analysis is correct, based on electromagnetic wave propagation model and industry standards, receiving the greatest power and the minimum distance between the security and protection are calculated for GSM base station. Finally base station electromagnetic radiation characteristics of the distribution, characteristics, combining literature and the results measured on the base station. Some of the measures proposed to reduce electromagnetic pollution and some suggestions to build of the base station. The theory from the environmental protection point can be provided for the more reasonable to construct base station.
本论文就是以国家环境保护局发布的国标“电磁辐射防护规定”(GB8702-88)及卫生部发布的国标“环境电磁波卫生标准”(GB9157-88)为根据，以移动通信基站为研究对象，在原理上对基站电磁波的属性、空间传输特性、基站电磁辐射的强度等进行研究，并对四个半波振子进行了仿真。通过matlab编程与仿真的结果作对比，来验证理论分析的正确性。同时在理论分析正确的基础上，依据电磁波传播模型和行业标准，计算出GSM基站符合标准的最大接收功率和最小的安全防护距离。最后根据基站电磁辐射的分布特征、特点，并结合文献中对基站实测的结果，提出一些减少电磁污染的措施和对基站建设的一些意见。本论文从环境保护的角度出发，为以后更加合理的基站建设提供相应的理论支持。
In the construction and daily operation of mobile communication base station projects, there are frequent disputes on "electromagnetic radiation". The problem of how to effectively avoid the electromagnetic pollution in the prophase planning and post operation according to the state environmental protection requirements need to be solved in practice.
This paper based on regulations for electromagnetic radiation protection (GB8702-88) issued by State Environmental Protection Administration of China and hygienic standard for environmental electromagnetic waves(GB9175-88)issued by Ministry of Health P.R.C, facing to the research of Mobile Communication Base Station, research about the property of electromagnetic waves in mobile base station, the peculiarity of space transmission and intension of electromagnetic radiation have been done, and the simulation results of four half-wave dipole are supplied. Through "matlab" programming and simulation results for comparison, to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Meanwhile on the basis of the theoretical analysis is correct, based on electromagnetic wave propagation model and industry standards, receiving the greatest power and the minimum distance between the security and protection are calculated for GSM base station. Finally base station electromagnetic radiation characteristics of the distribution, characteristics, combining literature and the results measured on the base station. Some of the measures proposed to reduce electromagnetic pollution and some suggestions to build of the base station. The theory from the environmental protection point can be provided for the more reasonable to construct base station.
引文
[1] 姚耿东，姜槐．关于电磁辐射危害的研究现状与展望[J]，北京：高等教育出版社，1988，9-10．
[2] 刘峥嵘，彭江龙．移动通信中的电磁辐射与健康．邮电通信技术，2002．12(12)：2-4．
[3] Silverman C. Epidemiology of microwave effects in humans epidemiology and quantitation of environmental risk in humans from radiation and other agents[M]. New York: plenum, 1985.433-458.
[4] Al-Otaibi A H, Al-Aimi D. Monitoring of electromagnetic radiation from cellular base stations in KUWAIT[J]. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 1998, 80(4): 397-404.
[5] Lambdin D L. An Investigation of energy densities in the vicinity of vehicles with mobile communications equipment and near a hand-held walkie talkie. EPA, 1979.
[6] 袁正泉，王登高．超短波电磁辐射对环境和人体的影响情况调查[J]，人民军医．2002，43(8)：441．
[7] 周粉妹．电磁辐射对人体的影响[J]，南通职业大学学报，2000，14(1)：54-55．
[8] GB9175-88．《环境电磁波卫生标准》．北京：中国标准出版社，1988．
[9] S. FCC. Information on Human Exposure to Radiofrequeney Fields From Cellular and PCS Radio Transmitters. 1998, (1): 34-40.
[10] 路宏敏．工程电磁兼容．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．2003．
[11] Vlad mir B. Trigubovich. On Some Characteristics of Electromagnetic Environment. MMET'98 Proceedings: 447-449.
[12] W. H. TETLEY. Analytical Prediction of Electromagnetic Environments. IRE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS. 1961, P175-185.
[13] J. Randa, D. Gilliland, W. Gjertson, W. Lauber, M. McInerney. Catalogue of Electroma gnetic Environment Measurements, 30-300Hz.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNENTIC COMPATABILITY, VOL 37, NO. 1.1995, P26-33.
[14] ICNIRP. Health Issues Related to the Use of Hand-held Radiotelephones and Base Transmitter. 1996: 2-5.
[15] IEEE. Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields from Portable and Mobile Telephones and Other Communication Devices. 1992: 55～56.
[16] 朱重德．上海市邮电系统移动电话通信基站电磁辐射环境影响评价综述．现代通信．1997，(1)：11～12．
[17] NRPB. UK. Mobile phones and Mobile phone Base Stations. 1998, (1): 42-46.
[18] 徐琰．电磁兼容与电磁辐射．现代通信．2002，(2)：22-29．
[19] 王洪博，陆冰松．信息产业部移动电话电磁辐射(SAR)研讨会在厦门成功举办．安全与电磁兼容．2002，(2)：3-9．
[20] 林少龙，蔡贤生．移动通信基站天线设置与电磁辐射影响分析．中国无线电，2005，(5)：38-39．
[21] B. Nekhoul, R, Feuillet, J. C. Sabonnnadiere. Prediction of Transient Electromagnetic Environment in power Networks. IEEE Trans. 1994 VOL. 30, NO. 5: 3745-3748.
[22] 王毅．移动通信网基站电磁环境辐射调研及居民环境超标原因分析．中国环境监测．18(3)：44-48．
[23] 王兆军．济南市电磁辐射环境污染状况评价与分析．中国人口环境与资源．2002．12，(6)：31-32
[24] 臧瑞华，孙全红．北京市移动通信台(基)站电磁辐射的监测与思考．环境保护．2001，(8)：56-59．
[25] 黄云飞．移动通信基站电磁辐射对环境的影响．广东通信技术．1999，(3)：42-43．
[26] GB9175-88．《环境电磁波卫生标准》．北京：中国标准出版社，1988．
[27] 胡景森．电磁辐射的生物效应及其防护标准[J]．安全与电磁兼容．1995，3：20～26．
[28] GB8702-88．《电磁辐射防护规定》．北京：中国标准出版社，1988．
[29] 评价标准．《电磁辐射环境影响评价方法与标准》(HJ／T10.3-1996)．国家环境保护局，1996，5，10(4)：3．
[30] 钟松峰，张文平．电磁辐射场强估算与深圳中波电台实例分析．中国无线电．2005，12：38-41．
[31] 魏文元，宫德明，陈必森．天线原理．国防工业出版社，1985．
[32] 黄云飞，黄美美．900MHz移动通信系统基站电磁辐射对环境的影响．微波与卫星通信．1996，1：29-33．
[33] 沈荔菁，曾伟杰．电磁辐射对环境影响的研究．中国无线电．2006，1：29-33．
[34] 卢尔瑞，孙孺石，丁怀元．移动通信工程．北京：人民邮电出版社，1988．
[35] 张邦俊，张莉，翟国庆等．移动基站近距离区域电磁辐射污染分布特征．中国环境科学．2002，22(6)：565-568．
[36] 晁雷，刘海英，苏永渤．辽宁省移动通信基站电磁辐射污染状况分析．环境保护科学．2004，2(30)：32-34．
[37] 谢志勇，金焰，陈瑞庭．移动通信基站电磁辐射对周围环境影响的研究．湖北师范学院学报(自然科学版)．2004，3：53-57．
[38] 戚风，毕志刚．GSM数字移动通信基站电磁辐射测量与分析．中国环境 测．2001，17(2)：32～37．
[39] 陈继亮，温如春．移动通信基站电磁辐射影响因素分析．上海环境科学．2002，2：118-121．
[40] 金侃，张亮．湖南省GSM移动通信基站电磁辐射环境影响分析．环境保护．2005，8：33-34．
[2] 刘峥嵘，彭江龙．移动通信中的电磁辐射与健康．邮电通信技术，2002．12(12)：2-4．
[3] Silverman C. Epidemiology of microwave effects in humans epidemiology and quantitation of environmental risk in humans from radiation and other agents[M]. New York: plenum, 1985.433-458.
[4] Al-Otaibi A H, Al-Aimi D. Monitoring of electromagnetic radiation from cellular base stations in KUWAIT[J]. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 1998, 80(4): 397-404.
[5] Lambdin D L. An Investigation of energy densities in the vicinity of vehicles with mobile communications equipment and near a hand-held walkie talkie. EPA, 1979.
[6] 袁正泉，王登高．超短波电磁辐射对环境和人体的影响情况调查[J]，人民军医．2002，43(8)：441．
[7] 周粉妹．电磁辐射对人体的影响[J]，南通职业大学学报，2000，14(1)：54-55．
[8] GB9175-88．《环境电磁波卫生标准》．北京：中国标准出版社，1988．
[9] S. FCC. Information on Human Exposure to Radiofrequeney Fields From Cellular and PCS Radio Transmitters. 1998, (1): 34-40.
[10] 路宏敏．工程电磁兼容．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社．2003．
[11] Vlad mir B. Trigubovich. On Some Characteristics of Electromagnetic Environment. MMET'98 Proceedings: 447-449.
[12] W. H. TETLEY. Analytical Prediction of Electromagnetic Environments. IRE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS. 1961, P175-185.
[13] J. Randa, D. Gilliland, W. Gjertson, W. Lauber, M. McInerney. Catalogue of Electroma gnetic Environment Measurements, 30-300Hz.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNENTIC COMPATABILITY, VOL 37, NO. 1.1995, P26-33.
[14] ICNIRP. Health Issues Related to the Use of Hand-held Radiotelephones and Base Transmitter. 1996: 2-5.
[15] IEEE. Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields from Portable and Mobile Telephones and Other Communication Devices. 1992: 55～56.
[16] 朱重德．上海市邮电系统移动电话通信基站电磁辐射环境影响评价综述．现代通信．1997，(1)：11～12．
[17] NRPB. UK. Mobile phones and Mobile phone Base Stations. 1998, (1): 42-46.
[18] 徐琰．电磁兼容与电磁辐射．现代通信．2002，(2)：22-29．
[19] 王洪博，陆冰松．信息产业部移动电话电磁辐射(SAR)研讨会在厦门成功举办．安全与电磁兼容．2002，(2)：3-9．
[20] 林少龙，蔡贤生．移动通信基站天线设置与电磁辐射影响分析．中国无线电，2005，(5)：38-39．
[21] B. Nekhoul, R, Feuillet, J. C. Sabonnnadiere. Prediction of Transient Electromagnetic Environment in power Networks. IEEE Trans. 1994 VOL. 30, NO. 5: 3745-3748.
[22] 王毅．移动通信网基站电磁环境辐射调研及居民环境超标原因分析．中国环境监测．18(3)：44-48．
[23] 王兆军．济南市电磁辐射环境污染状况评价与分析．中国人口环境与资源．2002．12，(6)：31-32
[24] 臧瑞华，孙全红．北京市移动通信台(基)站电磁辐射的监测与思考．环境保护．2001，(8)：56-59．
[25] 黄云飞．移动通信基站电磁辐射对环境的影响．广东通信技术．1999，(3)：42-43．
[26] GB9175-88．《环境电磁波卫生标准》．北京：中国标准出版社，1988．
[27] 胡景森．电磁辐射的生物效应及其防护标准[J]．安全与电磁兼容．1995，3：20～26．
[28] GB8702-88．《电磁辐射防护规定》．北京：中国标准出版社，1988．
[29] 评价标准．《电磁辐射环境影响评价方法与标准》(HJ／T10.3-1996)．国家环境保护局，1996，5，10(4)：3．
[30] 钟松峰，张文平．电磁辐射场强估算与深圳中波电台实例分析．中国无线电．2005，12：38-41．
[31] 魏文元，宫德明，陈必森．天线原理．国防工业出版社，1985．
[32] 黄云飞，黄美美．900MHz移动通信系统基站电磁辐射对环境的影响．微波与卫星通信．1996，1：29-33．
[33] 沈荔菁，曾伟杰．电磁辐射对环境影响的研究．中国无线电．2006，1：29-33．
[34] 卢尔瑞，孙孺石，丁怀元．移动通信工程．北京：人民邮电出版社，1988．
[35] 张邦俊，张莉，翟国庆等．移动基站近距离区域电磁辐射污染分布特征．中国环境科学．2002，22(6)：565-568．
[36] 晁雷，刘海英，苏永渤．辽宁省移动通信基站电磁辐射污染状况分析．环境保护科学．2004，2(30)：32-34．
[37] 谢志勇，金焰，陈瑞庭．移动通信基站电磁辐射对周围环境影响的研究．湖北师范学院学报(自然科学版)．2004，3：53-57．
[38] 戚风，毕志刚．GSM数字移动通信基站电磁辐射测量与分析．中国环境 测．2001，17(2)：32～37．
[39] 陈继亮，温如春．移动通信基站电磁辐射影响因素分析．上海环境科学．2002，2：118-121．
[40] 金侃，张亮．湖南省GSM移动通信基站电磁辐射环境影响分析．环境保护．2005，8：33-34．