加稀土合金铸铁耐碱腐蚀性能研究
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摘要
内蒙古自治区天然碱储量丰富,利用天然碱制烧碱工业是重要的基础工业,但在天然碱制烧碱工业中存在着设备的严重腐蚀问题,不仅消耗了大量的金属材料,而且增加了生产的成本,制约了企业的发展。因此,研制、开发耐碱腐蚀新型材料具有重要的实际意义。
本文设计了加稀土低、中合金铸铁材料,研究了其在天然碱苛化烧碱液中的腐蚀行为,通过静态失重法测定了两类合金铸铁材料的腐蚀速度,并对其进行耐蚀性评价。借助光学显微镜观察石墨形态并分析金相组织,并结合X射线衍射,确定合金铸铁的各相组成物类型。利用扫描电镜观察腐蚀试样表面形貌特征,分析微区成分,探讨了加稀土合金铸铁在天然碱苛化烧碱液中的耐腐蚀机理。
结果表明:随着稀土含量的逐渐增加,加稀土低、中合金铸铁的基体组织得到细化,石墨形态发生了变化。但是稀土含量超过一定量时,白口组织倾向严重。在不同腐蚀条件下,加稀土低合金铸铁的RD3(0.06%RE)试样和加稀土中合金铸铁的RZ3(0.05%RE)试样表现出较好的耐碱腐蚀性能。其原因为在RD3和RZ3试样表面形成较致密的腐蚀产物,阻隔了碱液与材料的接触,对基体起到了保护作用。
The reserves of natural base is abundant in Inner Mongolia, the industry which uses natural base to make sodium hydroxide is an important industry, but the corrosion problem of equipments is very serious in the process of making sodium hydroxide, not only lots of metal materials are consumed, but also the cost of production is increased, which restricts the development of basic industry. So, it is very important to develop and exploit new types of materials of corrosion resistance.
In this paper, two types of alloy cast iron were designed, including low alloy cast iron of rare-earth addition and medium alloy cast iron of rare-earth addition. The corrosion behavior in the caustic soda was researched, the corrosion rate was tested by the methods of static weight-loss and the corrosion grade was evaluated. The graphite form was observed by an optical microscope, the metallurgical structure was analyzed and the matrix structure was defined by an x-ray diffraction instrument. The corrosion products were observed and the content of elements was analyzed by the SEM and the corrosion resistance mechanism of the alloy cast iron of rare-earth addition in the caustic soda was discussed.
The results showed that the matrix structure of these two types of alloy cast iron was refined and the graphite form was changed with the increase of rare-earth content. At the same time, when the rare-earth content was beyond some content, the chilling tendency was serious. The caustic corrosion resistance performance of low alloy cast iron of rare-earth addition with 0.06%RE and medium alloy cast iron of rare-earth addition with 0.05%RE is better under the different corrosion conditions. Becaruse more compact corrosion products were formed on the surface of test specimen RD3 and RZ3, which seperated the materials and alkali liquor and protected the matrix.
本文设计了加稀土低、中合金铸铁材料,研究了其在天然碱苛化烧碱液中的腐蚀行为,通过静态失重法测定了两类合金铸铁材料的腐蚀速度,并对其进行耐蚀性评价。借助光学显微镜观察石墨形态并分析金相组织,并结合X射线衍射,确定合金铸铁的各相组成物类型。利用扫描电镜观察腐蚀试样表面形貌特征,分析微区成分,探讨了加稀土合金铸铁在天然碱苛化烧碱液中的耐腐蚀机理。
结果表明:随着稀土含量的逐渐增加,加稀土低、中合金铸铁的基体组织得到细化,石墨形态发生了变化。但是稀土含量超过一定量时,白口组织倾向严重。在不同腐蚀条件下,加稀土低合金铸铁的RD3(0.06%RE)试样和加稀土中合金铸铁的RZ3(0.05%RE)试样表现出较好的耐碱腐蚀性能。其原因为在RD3和RZ3试样表面形成较致密的腐蚀产物,阻隔了碱液与材料的接触,对基体起到了保护作用。
The reserves of natural base is abundant in Inner Mongolia, the industry which uses natural base to make sodium hydroxide is an important industry, but the corrosion problem of equipments is very serious in the process of making sodium hydroxide, not only lots of metal materials are consumed, but also the cost of production is increased, which restricts the development of basic industry. So, it is very important to develop and exploit new types of materials of corrosion resistance.
In this paper, two types of alloy cast iron were designed, including low alloy cast iron of rare-earth addition and medium alloy cast iron of rare-earth addition. The corrosion behavior in the caustic soda was researched, the corrosion rate was tested by the methods of static weight-loss and the corrosion grade was evaluated. The graphite form was observed by an optical microscope, the metallurgical structure was analyzed and the matrix structure was defined by an x-ray diffraction instrument. The corrosion products were observed and the content of elements was analyzed by the SEM and the corrosion resistance mechanism of the alloy cast iron of rare-earth addition in the caustic soda was discussed.
The results showed that the matrix structure of these two types of alloy cast iron was refined and the graphite form was changed with the increase of rare-earth content. At the same time, when the rare-earth content was beyond some content, the chilling tendency was serious. The caustic corrosion resistance performance of low alloy cast iron of rare-earth addition with 0.06%RE and medium alloy cast iron of rare-earth addition with 0.05%RE is better under the different corrosion conditions. Becaruse more compact corrosion products were formed on the surface of test specimen RD3 and RZ3, which seperated the materials and alkali liquor and protected the matrix.
引文
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[4]夏向东.内蒙古天然碱苛化液对金属材料的腐蚀行为[J].内蒙古工学院学报.1991,10(2):1~5
[5]董俊慧,陈蓉,夏向东等.稀土镍铬铸铁在天然碱苛化烧碱液中耐蚀性能的研究[J].纯碱工业.1999,(2):3~9
[6]王志新.奥氏体镍铸铁在高温苛性碱中耐腐蚀性能的研究[D].沈阳铸铁研究所.1984:30
[7]江志强,夏向东,李建国等.含稀土1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢焊接接头耐腐蚀性能的电化学研究[J].材料工程.1999,(9):20~24
[8]董俊慧,李进福,陈芙蓉等.稀土低镍铬合金铸铁的耐烧碱腐蚀性能研究[J].机械工程材料.1999,24(6):22~24
[9]董俊慧,陈荣,夏向东等.稀土对低镍铬合金铸铁耐烧碱腐蚀性能的影响[J].铸造.2000,49(3):148~151
[10]董俊慧,王素洁.稀土对低合金铸铁组织及耐碱蚀性能的影响[J].内蒙古工业大学学报.2002,21(4):246~249
[11]董俊慧等.稀土对低镍铬合金铸铁耐烧碱腐蚀性能的影响[J].铸造.2000,49(3):148~151
[12]张毅.新型镍铜合金铸铁在烧碱液中的腐蚀行为研究[J].内蒙古工业大学学报.2004,(4):22~25
[13] T.Hara,H.Asahi.Effects of Alloying Elements on Carbon Dioxide Corrosion in 13% to 20% Chromium Containing Steel[J].Corrosion,2000,56(4):419~428
[14] M.Mayuzumi, J.Ohta. Effect of silicon and Manganese Additions on the Transpassive Corrosion of High Purity Fe~18%Cr-14%Ni Alloys[J]. Corrosion. 2000,59(9):910~921
[15]梁成浩.金属腐蚀学导论[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2004
[16]朱霞,董俊慧,乌日根.稀土对Ni-Cr-Cu合金铸铁组织及耐碱腐蚀性能的影响[J].稀土.2006,27(6):65~68
[17]乌日根,董俊慧,朱霞.镍铜合金铸铁耐碱碱性能研究[J].铸造.2006,55(12):1235~1238
[18] Alain Robin.Comparative study of Nb, Nb-10W,and Nb-16Ta-12W corrosion behavior in sodium hydroxide solutions[J].Electrochimica Acta.2004,(49):1919~1923
[19] Karthik Subramanian,John Mickalonis.Anodic polarization behavior of low-carbon steel inconcentrated sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate solutions[J]. Electrochimical Acta.2005,(50): 2685~2691
[20]秦紫瑞,郭宁,郭珊.抗高温碱腐蚀的新型高铬铸造不锈钢的研制[J].材料开发与应用.1999,14(6):24~28
[21]郑开宏,苏志辉,毕亮等.铝工业用耐碱腐蚀冲刷磨损高铬镍合金材料的研制[J].矿山机械.2005,33(9):91~92
[22]楠顶,董俊慧.温度对5种金属在浓碱中腐蚀行为的影响[J].氯碱工业.2007,(9):40~45
[23] E.E.Oguzie,B.N.Okolue,C.E.Ogukwe,C.Unaegbu.Corrosion inhibition and adsorption behaviour of bismark brown dye on aluminium in sodium hydroxide solution[J].Materials Letters.2006, (6):3376~3378
[24] Yongsun Yi,Seolhwan Eom,Hongpyo Kim,Joungsoo Kim. Nickel boride (NiB) as an inhibitor for an IGSCC of Alloy 600 and its applicability[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials.2005,(347):151~160
[25] F.Contu,B.Elsener,H.Bohni. Serum effect on the electrochemical behaviour of titanium, Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb alloys in sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide[J]. Corrosion Science. 2004,(46):2241~2254
[26]张毅,董俊慧,常艳君等.镍铜合金铸铁耐碱腐蚀机理[J].铸造.2005,54(4):340~343
[27] J.A.Franson.Mechanical Properities of High Purity Fe-26Cr-1Mo Ferritic Stainless Steel[J].Metal Transaction.1974,(5):22~57
[28]王德英.超纯铁素体不锈钢26CrMo耐蚀性能研究[J].化工腐蚀与防护.1981,(4):21~24
[29] C.Hubschmid,D.Landolt,H.J.Mathieu.Analysis of passive Films on Fe-25Cr-Mo model alloys[J].Analytical Chemistry.1995,353(10):234~243
[30]郝传勇,李正林,王恩斌等.000Cr26Mo1超纯高铬铁素体不锈钢烧碱加热器研制总结[J].氯碱工业.1999,(11):37~39
[31]周向阳.耐蚀铸铁合金的研究[J].铸造.1995,(10):29~32
[32] R.Yoshimura.SHOMAC30-2-A New Japanese Superferritic Stainless Steel[J]. Molybdenum Mosaic.1980,4(3):29~32
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