鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上三叠统油气储层特征及其主控因素研究
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地东南部地区是一个勘探程度比较低的区块。近几年来,在该区上三叠统延长组中见到了较好的油气显示,然而由于对该地区的沉积体系、成岩作用及储层特征等未进行过全面系统地研究。本文针对该区存在的这些制约勘探开发的问题,以沉积学、储层沉积学及石油地质理论为指导,利用岩心观察、铸体薄片鉴定、包裹体测温、X-衍射分析、阴极发光、扫描电镜、压汞测试等多种测试分析手段,对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上三叠统延长组各油层组储层的岩石学特征、微观孔隙结构特征、成岩作用、物性特征等方面进行了综合研究并认为：
研究区延长组砂岩的结构成熟度和成分成熟度较低,以细粒长石砂岩为主。填隙物分布不均匀,以碳酸盐、粘土矿物、长英质次生加大及极少量的浊沸石和铁质胶结物组合为特征。延长组的砂岩伴随成岩演化过程的进行,在经历了压实、胶结、溶解等成岩作用后,储层微观特征表现出原生粒间孔残留及次生孔隙大量发育的特征,并认为压实及胶结作用是降低储层储集性能的主要因素,溶解作用产生的大量长石溶孔等次生孔隙是提高储层储集性能的主控因素。物性研究表明本区孔隙度主要在4.42%-12.29%之间,渗透率大多介于0.1-0.5×10-3μm2,砂岩储层非均质性很强,为低孔、低渗储层,且与盆地其它地区延长组物性对比表明本区储层致密,储集性能较差。
孔隙的演化、有机质的热演化及粘土矿物的演化特征表明本区砂岩具已进入中成岩阶段A期,具有如下成岩序列：压实作用→早期粘土膜(绿泥石膜)形成→自生高岭石形成、石英次生加大→(早期)碳酸盐沉淀→伊/蒙混层和绿/蒙混层→孔隙充填伊利石及绿泥石形成→(含有机酸流体注入)长石和岩屑颗粒溶解,早期方解石溶解→烃类侵位→(晚期)铁方解石充填—晚期白云石充填或交代碎屑颗粒。根据沉积及成岩作用的特征划分了储层的成岩相,认为本区的优势成岩相为(早期)绿泥石薄膜胶结相及长石溶蚀相。
复杂的构造及沉积演化背景使本区储层特征极其复杂,通过本文的研究认为本区砂岩优质储层主要受物源及源区母岩性质、成岩作用与成岩演化程度等因素的共同控制。储层裂缝对于油气的渗流起到了重要作用,高角度裂缝为油气向上运移形成油气藏提供了通道。
The area of southeast Orod basin is characterized by low degree of hydrocarbon exploration. Recently, this area of Yanchang formation is with prolific in oil&gas. But no one has studied on the sedimentary facies, diagenesis and reservoir characteristics systematically in this area. This paper goes on to research and discuss the characteristics of petrology, microscopic reservoir characteristics, diagenesis and reservoir physical properties. In this process,this paper analyses this points by means of methods under the guidance of sedimentology, reservoir sedimentology and oil geology. The methods include the detailed description and observation of drilling cores, and observation of thin-section of the cast, measurement of homogeneous temperature for inclusions, analyses of X-ray diffraction, cathode luminescence image, electron scan microscope, capillary pressure and. After the comprehensive research of reservoir, the paper holds that:
The componential and textural maturities of the sandstone in Yanchang formation is lower and lithological types are mostly fine-grained arkose, which the interstitial matter is widespread but not uniform distribution. The type of cements obsedved including carbonate, clay minerals,, feldspar overgrowths, and a few laumonite, ferruginous cement. With the diagenetic evolution process development the microscopic reservoir characteristics of the sandstone observed primary pores residue and secondary pores growth after compaction, cementation and dissolution. The paper thinks the form two functions are the main reasons of decreasing reservoir quality. The secondary pores like feldspar dissolution pores appear after the dissolution are the main reason of increasing reservoir quality. The reservoir physical properties show that the porosity value is from4.42%to12.29%, the permeability value is from0.1×10-3μ m2to0.5×10-3μ m2.The reservoir is characterized by low porosity and low permeability and heterogeneity is very strong. Compared with other regions of Orods basin, the quality of reservoir is more density. The porosity evolution, the Characteristics and stages of thermal evolution of organic matter and clay mineral evolution show that the sandstone are in the mid diagenesis phase A. The dianenetic sequence being as follows:mechanic compaction→authigenic clay rim (chlorite)→utogenous kaolinite formation,quartz overgrowths→(early diagenesis) carbonnate cementation→ illite/montmorillonite mixing layer (or chlorite/montmorillonite mixing layer)→illite (chlorite) generate and fill in pore→(organic acid fluid injected) feldspar, detritus and carbonate dissolution→hydrocarbon emplacement→(later diagenesis) Iron calcite precipitation→Dolomite filling and metasomasis clastic particle. According to the characteristics of diagenesis the lithogenous phase is made. The authigenic clay rim (chlorite) and feldspar dissolution diagenetic phase is considered as advantage diagenetic phase.
The characteristics is very complex by complex structures and sedimentary evolution background. The paper holds that the high quality reservoir is controlled by provenance and parent rocks properties, diagenesis and the degree of diagenetic evolution.The fractures of reservoir on one hand make the pores connect, improve the reservoir quality of the sandstones. On the other hand,act as the role that transporting petroleum.
研究区延长组砂岩的结构成熟度和成分成熟度较低,以细粒长石砂岩为主。填隙物分布不均匀,以碳酸盐、粘土矿物、长英质次生加大及极少量的浊沸石和铁质胶结物组合为特征。延长组的砂岩伴随成岩演化过程的进行,在经历了压实、胶结、溶解等成岩作用后,储层微观特征表现出原生粒间孔残留及次生孔隙大量发育的特征,并认为压实及胶结作用是降低储层储集性能的主要因素,溶解作用产生的大量长石溶孔等次生孔隙是提高储层储集性能的主控因素。物性研究表明本区孔隙度主要在4.42%-12.29%之间,渗透率大多介于0.1-0.5×10-3μm2,砂岩储层非均质性很强,为低孔、低渗储层,且与盆地其它地区延长组物性对比表明本区储层致密,储集性能较差。
孔隙的演化、有机质的热演化及粘土矿物的演化特征表明本区砂岩具已进入中成岩阶段A期,具有如下成岩序列：压实作用→早期粘土膜(绿泥石膜)形成→自生高岭石形成、石英次生加大→(早期)碳酸盐沉淀→伊/蒙混层和绿/蒙混层→孔隙充填伊利石及绿泥石形成→(含有机酸流体注入)长石和岩屑颗粒溶解,早期方解石溶解→烃类侵位→(晚期)铁方解石充填—晚期白云石充填或交代碎屑颗粒。根据沉积及成岩作用的特征划分了储层的成岩相,认为本区的优势成岩相为(早期)绿泥石薄膜胶结相及长石溶蚀相。
复杂的构造及沉积演化背景使本区储层特征极其复杂,通过本文的研究认为本区砂岩优质储层主要受物源及源区母岩性质、成岩作用与成岩演化程度等因素的共同控制。储层裂缝对于油气的渗流起到了重要作用,高角度裂缝为油气向上运移形成油气藏提供了通道。
The area of southeast Orod basin is characterized by low degree of hydrocarbon exploration. Recently, this area of Yanchang formation is with prolific in oil&gas. But no one has studied on the sedimentary facies, diagenesis and reservoir characteristics systematically in this area. This paper goes on to research and discuss the characteristics of petrology, microscopic reservoir characteristics, diagenesis and reservoir physical properties. In this process,this paper analyses this points by means of methods under the guidance of sedimentology, reservoir sedimentology and oil geology. The methods include the detailed description and observation of drilling cores, and observation of thin-section of the cast, measurement of homogeneous temperature for inclusions, analyses of X-ray diffraction, cathode luminescence image, electron scan microscope, capillary pressure and. After the comprehensive research of reservoir, the paper holds that:
The componential and textural maturities of the sandstone in Yanchang formation is lower and lithological types are mostly fine-grained arkose, which the interstitial matter is widespread but not uniform distribution. The type of cements obsedved including carbonate, clay minerals,, feldspar overgrowths, and a few laumonite, ferruginous cement. With the diagenetic evolution process development the microscopic reservoir characteristics of the sandstone observed primary pores residue and secondary pores growth after compaction, cementation and dissolution. The paper thinks the form two functions are the main reasons of decreasing reservoir quality. The secondary pores like feldspar dissolution pores appear after the dissolution are the main reason of increasing reservoir quality. The reservoir physical properties show that the porosity value is from4.42%to12.29%, the permeability value is from0.1×10-3μ m2to0.5×10-3μ m2.The reservoir is characterized by low porosity and low permeability and heterogeneity is very strong. Compared with other regions of Orods basin, the quality of reservoir is more density. The porosity evolution, the Characteristics and stages of thermal evolution of organic matter and clay mineral evolution show that the sandstone are in the mid diagenesis phase A. The dianenetic sequence being as follows:mechanic compaction→authigenic clay rim (chlorite)→utogenous kaolinite formation,quartz overgrowths→(early diagenesis) carbonnate cementation→ illite/montmorillonite mixing layer (or chlorite/montmorillonite mixing layer)→illite (chlorite) generate and fill in pore→(organic acid fluid injected) feldspar, detritus and carbonate dissolution→hydrocarbon emplacement→(later diagenesis) Iron calcite precipitation→Dolomite filling and metasomasis clastic particle. According to the characteristics of diagenesis the lithogenous phase is made. The authigenic clay rim (chlorite) and feldspar dissolution diagenetic phase is considered as advantage diagenetic phase.
The characteristics is very complex by complex structures and sedimentary evolution background. The paper holds that the high quality reservoir is controlled by provenance and parent rocks properties, diagenesis and the degree of diagenetic evolution.The fractures of reservoir on one hand make the pores connect, improve the reservoir quality of the sandstones. On the other hand,act as the role that transporting petroleum.
引文
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