基于FEA的政府信息资源协同配置研究
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摘要
在当今信息化大潮中,政府是否能够充分开发和有效利用信息资源,是能否正确、高效行使国家行政职能的重要环节,也是实现高效政府、协同政府的重要环节。我国政府信息化历经二十多年,政府投入了大量的资源,但是由于缺乏对信息资源的有效整合和合理配置,丰富的信息资源难以共享,重复建设现象严重,降低了政府效率,增加了政府工作成本。美国是实施电子政务最早的国家,也一直存在着信息孤岛、重复建设、效益低下等问题。为此,美国联邦政府“预算管理办公室”于2002年提出了“联邦政府架构”(FEA, Federal Enterprise Architecture),并成立了“FEA项目管理办公室”用来解决上述问题。将FEA的方法借鉴到我国,分析其在我国政府信息资源协同配置中的应用问题是解决我国政府工作中存在的资源浪费、信息孤岛现象的有效办法之一。
本文重点探讨政府信息资源的概念和内容,界定本文所研究的政府信息资源的范畴。接着对政府信息资源配置的理论和协同学的理论进行研究,并且通过总结和分析将二者有机地融合,提出政府信息资源协同配置的命题。在文中对政府信息资源协同配置的内涵和基本要素进行详细分析,其基本要素包括:主体要素、制度要素、流程要素、技术要素和资源要素。最后通过分析指出信息资源协同配置的意义在于促进政府部门之间的信息交流和信息的增值利用。
本文在分析美国电子政务中FEA的提出背景和对FEA的方法进行详细研究的基础上,结合分析我国政府信息资源配置中存在的信息孤岛等问题,提出基于FEA的政府信息资源协同配置框架,并提出将FEA应用于我国的政府信息资源配置,分析在我国政府信息资源配置中的应用流程,最后针对我国政府信息资源协同配置中的不利因素,提出具有可行性的解决策略。
In the twenty-first century, whether the government could fully develop and effectively use information resource is the important part of whether government could properly and efficiently administrative functions, and also the important part for government to effective government and joined-up government. Construction of government information has gone through 20 years. In this period, a large number of resources has been input. However, owing to lack of effectively integrating and rationally allocating information resource, it is difficult to share the abundant information resources, and the phenomenon of redundant development is common. Result in this, government work efficiency has been lowered, and cost has been increased. American is the first country to implementing E-government, and has to facing to the problem of information silo, redundant development and inefficiency. For this reason, in 2002, office of management and budget of USA came up with FEA, and established FEA program management office. It is a good method to resolve the phenomenon of resources wasting and information silo in our government that using FEA, and analyzing the usage of FEA in government information resources synergy allocation.
This paper discussing the concept and content of government information resource indicates the scope of government information resource studied in the paper. And then the theory of government resource allocation and synergetic is studied, and government information resource synergy allocation is proposed based on mix the two theories together. In this paper, intention and basic elements of government information synergy allocation is detailed analyzed. The basic elements consist of: subject element, system element, process element, technique element and resource element. It is also points out that the meaning of information synergy allocation is promoting information communication between government departments and value-added utility of information.
Background of FEA in E-government of USA and process of FEA is detailed studied in this paper, and the problem such as information silo in our government information resource allocation is analyzed together. And based on this, a framework of government information resource synergy allocation base on FEA is proposed. It is also proposed that using FEA in our government information resource allocation and the using process is put forward. At last, in order to resolve the negative factors in our government information resource synergy allocation, feasible policy is proposed.
本文重点探讨政府信息资源的概念和内容,界定本文所研究的政府信息资源的范畴。接着对政府信息资源配置的理论和协同学的理论进行研究,并且通过总结和分析将二者有机地融合,提出政府信息资源协同配置的命题。在文中对政府信息资源协同配置的内涵和基本要素进行详细分析,其基本要素包括:主体要素、制度要素、流程要素、技术要素和资源要素。最后通过分析指出信息资源协同配置的意义在于促进政府部门之间的信息交流和信息的增值利用。
本文在分析美国电子政务中FEA的提出背景和对FEA的方法进行详细研究的基础上,结合分析我国政府信息资源配置中存在的信息孤岛等问题,提出基于FEA的政府信息资源协同配置框架,并提出将FEA应用于我国的政府信息资源配置,分析在我国政府信息资源配置中的应用流程,最后针对我国政府信息资源协同配置中的不利因素,提出具有可行性的解决策略。
In the twenty-first century, whether the government could fully develop and effectively use information resource is the important part of whether government could properly and efficiently administrative functions, and also the important part for government to effective government and joined-up government. Construction of government information has gone through 20 years. In this period, a large number of resources has been input. However, owing to lack of effectively integrating and rationally allocating information resource, it is difficult to share the abundant information resources, and the phenomenon of redundant development is common. Result in this, government work efficiency has been lowered, and cost has been increased. American is the first country to implementing E-government, and has to facing to the problem of information silo, redundant development and inefficiency. For this reason, in 2002, office of management and budget of USA came up with FEA, and established FEA program management office. It is a good method to resolve the phenomenon of resources wasting and information silo in our government that using FEA, and analyzing the usage of FEA in government information resources synergy allocation.
This paper discussing the concept and content of government information resource indicates the scope of government information resource studied in the paper. And then the theory of government resource allocation and synergetic is studied, and government information resource synergy allocation is proposed based on mix the two theories together. In this paper, intention and basic elements of government information synergy allocation is detailed analyzed. The basic elements consist of: subject element, system element, process element, technique element and resource element. It is also points out that the meaning of information synergy allocation is promoting information communication between government departments and value-added utility of information.
Background of FEA in E-government of USA and process of FEA is detailed studied in this paper, and the problem such as information silo in our government information resource allocation is analyzed together. And based on this, a framework of government information resource synergy allocation base on FEA is proposed. It is also proposed that using FEA in our government information resource allocation and the using process is put forward. At last, in order to resolve the negative factors in our government information resource synergy allocation, feasible policy is proposed.
引文
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[2] DPEPA/UNDESA. E-Government Survey2004. http://www.un.org, 2004.
[3] DPEPA/UNDESA. E-Government Survey2008. http://www.un.org, 2008.
[4]杨冰之,郑爱军.“十二五”政府网站安全保障策略分析. http://www.echinagov.com, 2010.
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[6]中共中央办公厅. 2006——2020年国家信息化发展战略. http://www.gov.cn, 2006.
[7] OMB. FEA-CRM document. http://www.whitehouse.gov.cn, 2004.
[8] European Commission. E-government in United Kingdom[R]. 2007.
[9] Australian Government Information Management Office[R]. Australian Government Architecture Reference Models. 2007.
[10] Singapore Initiatives Among Worlds Top 2o Innovations. http://www.gov.sg, 2007.
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[13]彭尚相.电子政务条件下政府信息资源配置的有效性研究[D].华中科技大学, 2006: 50-55.
[14]王海东.信息资源的配置机制[J].情报探索, 2009(6): 12-13.
[15]王姣.组织间信息系统协同形成机理研究[D].吉林大学, 2007: 80-89
[16]兰宇,崔丽莎.协同论与现代企业管理[J].现代商业, 2008(3): 5-6.
[17] (英)安德鲁·坎贝尔.战略协同(第二版)[M].机械工业出版社, 2000: 39-45.
[18] (美)罗伯特D.巴泽尔(Robert D.Buzzell),(美)布拉德利T.盖尔(Bradley T.Gale).战略与绩效[M].华夏出版社, 2005:78-82.
[19]赫尔曼·哈肯.协同学:大自然构成的奥秘.上海译文出版社, 2005:30-40
[20]李广乾.联邦政府组织架构与美国电子政府的转型. http://www.echinagov.com, 2009.
[21] OMB. FEA-CRM document. http://www.whitehouse.gov.cn, 2004.
[22] OMB. the data reference model 2.0. http://www.whitehouse.gov.cn
[23]中央委员会.中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展的第十二个五年规划的建议. http://www.gov.cn.
[24]肖荣莲,商晓帆.基于信息流的电子政务信息资源整合研究[J].情报资料工作, 2009(1): 15-16
[25]中央委员会.中共十七大报告. http://www.gov.cn.
[26]程军,黄晓斌.政务应用集成框架研究[J].计算机与数字工程, 2009(3): 21-22.
[27]马大川.信息资源的集成整合研究[J].中国图书馆学报, 2004(3): 4-5.
[28]朱虹,许承光.试论电子政府协同公共服务思想[J].武汉工程大学学报, 2008(7): 28-29.
[2] DPEPA/UNDESA. E-Government Survey2004. http://www.un.org, 2004.
[3] DPEPA/UNDESA. E-Government Survey2008. http://www.un.org, 2008.
[4]杨冰之,郑爱军.“十二五”政府网站安全保障策略分析. http://www.echinagov.com, 2010.
[5]中共中央办公厅.国家信息化领导小组关于我国电子政务建设指导意见. http://www.gov.cn, 2002.
[6]中共中央办公厅. 2006——2020年国家信息化发展战略. http://www.gov.cn, 2006.
[7] OMB. FEA-CRM document. http://www.whitehouse.gov.cn, 2004.
[8] European Commission. E-government in United Kingdom[R]. 2007.
[9] Australian Government Information Management Office[R]. Australian Government Architecture Reference Models. 2007.
[10] Singapore Initiatives Among Worlds Top 2o Innovations. http://www.gov.sg, 2007.
[11] Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs. E-government in Korea[R]. 2007
[12]何振.试论电子政务信息资源的内涵与特点[J].图书情报工作, 2007(3): 44-45.
[13]彭尚相.电子政务条件下政府信息资源配置的有效性研究[D].华中科技大学, 2006: 50-55.
[14]王海东.信息资源的配置机制[J].情报探索, 2009(6): 12-13.
[15]王姣.组织间信息系统协同形成机理研究[D].吉林大学, 2007: 80-89
[16]兰宇,崔丽莎.协同论与现代企业管理[J].现代商业, 2008(3): 5-6.
[17] (英)安德鲁·坎贝尔.战略协同(第二版)[M].机械工业出版社, 2000: 39-45.
[18] (美)罗伯特D.巴泽尔(Robert D.Buzzell),(美)布拉德利T.盖尔(Bradley T.Gale).战略与绩效[M].华夏出版社, 2005:78-82.
[19]赫尔曼·哈肯.协同学:大自然构成的奥秘.上海译文出版社, 2005:30-40
[20]李广乾.联邦政府组织架构与美国电子政府的转型. http://www.echinagov.com, 2009.
[21] OMB. FEA-CRM document. http://www.whitehouse.gov.cn, 2004.
[22] OMB. the data reference model 2.0. http://www.whitehouse.gov.cn
[23]中央委员会.中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展的第十二个五年规划的建议. http://www.gov.cn.
[24]肖荣莲,商晓帆.基于信息流的电子政务信息资源整合研究[J].情报资料工作, 2009(1): 15-16
[25]中央委员会.中共十七大报告. http://www.gov.cn.
[26]程军,黄晓斌.政务应用集成框架研究[J].计算机与数字工程, 2009(3): 21-22.
[27]马大川.信息资源的集成整合研究[J].中国图书馆学报, 2004(3): 4-5.
[28]朱虹,许承光.试论电子政府协同公共服务思想[J].武汉工程大学学报, 2008(7): 28-29.