高压输电线路故障测距新解析
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摘要
多年以来，高压输电线路故障测距问题是电力系统继电保护科技工作者关心的课题。就此项研究，本文汇报如下：
提出了一种利用单侧电压电流数据定位输电线路短路点的新方法，研究的线路包括：双电源单回线和环网中运行的输电线路。该方法的测距精度不受故障线路对端系统助增电流以及线路分布电容的影响。
本文提出了一种利用多端同步采样实时数据对双端输电系统(T接)进行快速而精确的故障定位新方法。在定位速度和定位精度方面，该方法是目前同类方法中较好的一种。
文中对上述故障测距算法，给出了详细的推导过程，并列举了大量的模拟故障测距数字仿真结果。检验测距算法时，先利用故障分析稳态计算程序产生的数据，然后利用故障电磁暂态计算程序产生的数据。模拟故障测距试验表明，上述输电线路短路点定位算法，具有较高测距精度。
对串补电容输电线路，根据串补电容的等效模型，提出的使用双端数据定位的方法，当考虑串补电容上的电压降落后其定位方法与非串补线路相同，唯一区别需要判别真根和伪根。根据由两端推算的故障电压之差是否为零可以判别直根和伪根。
Subject about estimating fault location on HV transmission line has been a subject of interest to power system protection researchers and engineers for many years. The majority of work on this subject to be reported as follows:
First, a practical fault location technique for HV transmission line using one terminal voltage and current phasors that exist before the fault, and present during the fault (but before the operation of any circuit breakers) is described. This new technique locates fault on transmission line including two-terminal single-circuit line and the line in circle network. In the main, the fault location accuracy of the proposed technique is independent of the remote-end infeeds and shunt capacitance current.
Secondly, a new approach to locating fault on transmission line which has two terminals or three terminals(i.e. T-connection line), using synchronized sampling. This new technique can be extremely fast, selective and accurate, providing fault location performance that cannot easily be matched by other known techniques.
Thirdly, this paper present a new fault location method using unsynchronized data at two terminals according to equivalent model of series capacitor for transmission lines series capacitor. This location method is the same as that for transmission lines without series capacitor considering the voltage drop across series capacitor, and the only difference consist in distinguishing real and false roots. The real and false roots are distinguished according to whether the difference of fault voltage calculated from terminals is equal to zero or not.
The thesis gives the detailed theoretical development of these fault location algorithms, together with extensive numerical performances of locating fault. The proposed techniques are first tested using data obtained from a steady state analysis program, then are tested using data generated by a fault-transient computation program.
提出了一种利用单侧电压电流数据定位输电线路短路点的新方法，研究的线路包括：双电源单回线和环网中运行的输电线路。该方法的测距精度不受故障线路对端系统助增电流以及线路分布电容的影响。
本文提出了一种利用多端同步采样实时数据对双端输电系统(T接)进行快速而精确的故障定位新方法。在定位速度和定位精度方面，该方法是目前同类方法中较好的一种。
文中对上述故障测距算法，给出了详细的推导过程，并列举了大量的模拟故障测距数字仿真结果。检验测距算法时，先利用故障分析稳态计算程序产生的数据，然后利用故障电磁暂态计算程序产生的数据。模拟故障测距试验表明，上述输电线路短路点定位算法，具有较高测距精度。
对串补电容输电线路，根据串补电容的等效模型，提出的使用双端数据定位的方法，当考虑串补电容上的电压降落后其定位方法与非串补线路相同，唯一区别需要判别真根和伪根。根据由两端推算的故障电压之差是否为零可以判别直根和伪根。
Subject about estimating fault location on HV transmission line has been a subject of interest to power system protection researchers and engineers for many years. The majority of work on this subject to be reported as follows:
First, a practical fault location technique for HV transmission line using one terminal voltage and current phasors that exist before the fault, and present during the fault (but before the operation of any circuit breakers) is described. This new technique locates fault on transmission line including two-terminal single-circuit line and the line in circle network. In the main, the fault location accuracy of the proposed technique is independent of the remote-end infeeds and shunt capacitance current.
Secondly, a new approach to locating fault on transmission line which has two terminals or three terminals(i.e. T-connection line), using synchronized sampling. This new technique can be extremely fast, selective and accurate, providing fault location performance that cannot easily be matched by other known techniques.
Thirdly, this paper present a new fault location method using unsynchronized data at two terminals according to equivalent model of series capacitor for transmission lines series capacitor. This location method is the same as that for transmission lines without series capacitor considering the voltage drop across series capacitor, and the only difference consist in distinguishing real and false roots. The real and false roots are distinguished according to whether the difference of fault voltage calculated from terminals is equal to zero or not.
The thesis gives the detailed theoretical development of these fault location algorithms, together with extensive numerical performances of locating fault. The proposed techniques are first tested using data obtained from a steady state analysis program, then are tested using data generated by a fault-transient computation program.
引文
[1] 肖东辉，刘沛，程时杰．架空输电线路故障测距方法综述．电力系统自动化，1993；17(8)：46-56
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[9] 董新洲，葛耀中，徐丙垠，陈平，李京．利用GPS的输电线路行波故障测距研究．电力系统自动化，1996：20(12)：37-40
[10] 张哲，陈德树．高压输电线路故障测距中的伪根问题及其改进方法．中国电机工程学报，1992；12(61)：11-17
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[2] 马文骐，郎燕生，马昭彦．高压线路测距算法的研究及一种新的算法—一次方程发．电力系统及其自动化学报，1996；8(2)：21-29
[3] 唐赛中，大型变电所微机实时监控系统的设计方法．东北电力总公司首届论文发布会论文集(二)，1992：25-29
[4] 索南，葛耀中．同杆双回线跨线故障的准确故障定位方法．中国电机工程学报，199212(3)：1-9
[5] 沈根才．论电网结构．中国电力，1996；(12)：3-12
[6] 韦德．城市电网10kV系统中性点按地方式的试验研究．电力系统自动化，1989；(2)：24-28
[7] 徐浩强，薛磊．10kV城市配电网中性点接地方式的研讨．高电压技术，1993；19(2)：58-61
[8] 葛耀中，徐丙垠，陈平．利用暂态行波测距的研究．西安交通大学学报 1995；29(3)：70-75
[9] 董新洲，葛耀中，徐丙垠，陈平，李京．利用GPS的输电线路行波故障测距研究．电力系统自动化，1996：20(12)：37-40
[10] 张哲，陈德树．高压输电线路故障测距中的伪根问题及其改进方法．中国电机工程学报，1992；12(61)：11-17
[11] 蔡德礼．高压输电线路故障点定位的一种新的计算机方法．重庆大学学报，1982；(2)：1-18
[12] 叶一麟，蔡德礼．系统参数变化对输电线路故障测距精度的影响．重庆大学学报，1984：
(4)：70-78
[13] 胡帆，刘沛，程时杰．高压输电线路故障测距算法仿真研究．中国电机工程学报，199515(1)：67-72
[14] 董新洲，葛耀中．一种使用两端电气量的高压输电线路故障测距算法．电力系统自动化，1995；19(8)：47-53
[15] Yang A S, Morrison I F. MicroProcessor-Based Algorithm for High-Resistance Earth-Fault Distance Protection. IEE Proc. 1983; 130-C(6): 315-327
[16] 苏沛浦，刘娟芝．一种改进的解微分方程阻抗算法—兼评几种精确测距算法．全国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业，第二届学术年会论文，西安，1986：143-147
[17] Wiszniewski A. Accurate Fault Impedance Locating Algorithm. IEE Proc., 1983: 130-C(6): 311-314
[18] Takagi T, Yamakoshi Y, Baba J, Vemura K, Sakaguchi T. A New Algorithm of An Accurate Fault Location for EHV/UHV Transmission Lines: Part Ⅰ-Fourier Transtormation Method. IEEE Trans, 1981: PAS-100(3): 1316-1323
[19] Takagi T, Yamakoshi Y, Baba J, Vemura K, Sakaguchi T. A New Algorithm of An Accurate Fault Location for EHV/UHV Transmission Lines: Part Ⅱ-Laplace Transformation Method. IEEE Trans, 1982: PAS-101(3): 564-573
[20] Johns A T, Moore P J, Whittard R. New Technique for the Accuratc Location of Earth Faults on Transmission systems. IEE Proc-Gener. Transm. Distrib., 1995: 142(2): 119-127
[21] 陈小川，贺威俊，高仕斌，王牣．电牵引系统新型微机自适应馈线保护故障测距原理与特性．铁道学报，1995；17(增刊)：1-7
[22] 高仕斌，王伟，贺威俊．AT供电牵引网新型微机故障测距系统性能分析西南交通大学学报，1994；29(6)：615-621
[23] 贺威俊．微机馈线距离保护实现谐波闭锁的原理与算法．西南交通大学学报，1987
22(4): 10-19
[24] 周玉江，黄焕焜．探测故障距离的新方法．电力系统自动化，1988；12(5)：17-24
[25] 索南，葛耀中．利用六序分量断线复合序网法分析同杆双回线故障的新方法．电力系统自动化，1992；16(3)：15-21
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