智能式自适应单相自动重合闸的应用研究
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摘要
随着现代电力系统日趋复杂,电压等级的升高,系统出现问题的可能性将比以往有所增加,因此,必须有足够的措施保障系统的安全,将电力系统出现故障时所造成的损失减到最低。继电保护技术是各种安全措施中最为重要的一种。自动重合闸装置作为电力系统继电保护装置的重要组成部分,它在保证系统安全、稳定和经济运行等方面起着非常重要的作用。
     智能式自适应单相重合闸是随着电力技术的进步、智能控制理论的发展,为了满足对电力系统自动重合闸所提出的更高要求而产生的一种新型的保护技术。
     本文较深入系统的研究了单相自动重合闸的故障判别及其瞬时性故障最佳重合闸时刻的捕获问题。
     传统的单相自动重合闸的缺点是在重合闸之前,完全是盲目的动作,无法区分线路发生的是瞬时性故障还是永久性故障。微机式自适应单相重合闸在重合闸之前,虽然可以明确地区分出线路发生的是瞬时性故障还是永久性故障,从而避免了传统自动重合闸的盲目性。但它在某些情况下,会分不清线路是发生了瞬时性故障还是永久性故障,仍有一定的缺陷。目前的重合闸装置多采用定时间间隔重合闸,即重合闸间歇时间。如何在重合闸装置最小间歇时间的基础上整定重合闸时间,以最有效的提高系统暂态稳定性方面的研究一直受到关注。自动重合闸存在一个最佳重合时刻,然而由于系统运行方式和接线方式经常变化,因此重合闸的最佳重合时刻也是时刻变化的。如何捕捉最佳重合时刻是一个值得研究的课题。
     本文借鉴神经网络和小波变换理论在电力系统中的应用,运用人工神经网络模式识别与模式分类和小波变换信号提取功能,建立了基于小波神经网络的单相重合闸的模型,并通过对一线路模型的仿真,证实了它的可行性。在此基础上,利用当地采集的信号,提出一种智能的在线捕捉最佳重合闸时刻的新方法,并通过了仿真验证。
     本文的突破之处在于首次将小波神经网络技术应用于自动重合闸中,尤其是输入特征量的选择更完全的包含了各种电气量参数,较为完善。提出并验证了瞬时性故障最佳重合时刻的智能式在线捕捉新方法,满足实时需要。
With the power system becoming more and more complicated, and the voltage scale becoming higher, System problems are more likely to happen than before. As the most important one in all kinds of security measures, power system' s personnel have concerned relay protection widely. As one of important components of relay protection, automotive reclosing device plays an important role in guaranteeing security, stability and economical running, etc.
    Adaptive single-phase reclosing based on intelligent control is a new sort of protection principle, which develops with the advancement of power system technology and the progress of intelligent control theory. It is presented to satisfy the higher request for power system relay protection.
    The thesis systematically and deeply studied in faults identifying of automatic reclosing and on-line obtaining the optimal reclosing time of transient faults based on wavelet transform and artificial neural network.
    Conventional automatic reclosing' s shortcoming is that it acts blindly entirely before reclosing and cannot distinguish instantaneous fault from permanent fault. Though microprocessor-based adaptive single-phase reclosing scenario can distinguish instantaneous fault from permanent fault definitely and avoid the blindness of traditional automatic reclosing, in some cases, adaptive reclosing can confound instantaneous fault with permanent fault. So it has defects too. At present, reclosing devices are mostly reclosed by a fixed time , or called periodic time. In order to effectively enhance system transient stability, research on how to set reclosing time based-on shortest periodic time is always followed with interest. Automatic reclosing exits an optimal reclosing time, but the operation manner and wiring manner change
    in
    (L
    
    
    
    frequently so that optimal reclosing time changes accordingly. How to obtain the optimal reclosing time of transient faults is a worthy topic.
    This thesis referred to the applications of neural network and wavelet transform theory in power system, used the function of mode identification and mode classification of ANN and the function of signal extraction of wavelet transform, and established the model of single-phase reclosing based on wavelet neural network. Through simulating a line model, the paper approved its feasibility. In these bases, and using the gathered local signal, the paper obtained the optical reclosing time of transient faults by a new intelligent on-line method. The feasibility is verified by simulation also.
    The major creative idea of the thesis is that it draws wavelet neural network into automatic reclosing firstly. The choice of input eigenvalue contains all kinds of electric parameters more completely and more perfectly. A new intelligent on-line method for obtaining the optimal reclosing time of transient faults is presented and verified and satisfies the need of real-time.
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