高铜致雏鸡脑组织氧化损伤的机理研究
|
摘要
本文选用一日龄艾维茵肉鸡360只,随机分成6组,分别喂以对照日粮(Cu10.89mg/kg)和高铜日粮(Cu100mg/kgⅠ组,Cu200mg/kgⅡ组,Cu400mg/kgⅢ组,Cu600mg/kgⅣ组,Cu800mg/kgⅤ组)六周,以流式细胞术和生化检测的方法研究日粮铜添加水平对雏鸡脑组织氧化损伤机理。高铜Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组雏鸡生长速度高于对照组(p＞0.05);Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组生长发育受阻(p＞0.05或p＜0.01),第三周时出现临床症状,高铜Ⅴ组出现死亡。与对照组比较,高铜Ⅴ组超微病理观察脑神经元细胞线粒体肿胀和神经髓鞘空泡状,小脑见凋亡的神经元细胞.高铜Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组的血清铜含量和脑铜含量极显著高于对照组(p＜0.01)。高铜Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组脑组织Cu-Zn-SOD和GSH-Px显著高于对照组(p＜0.05或p＜0.05),高铜Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组Cu-Zn-SOD和GSH-PX较对照组显著降低;高铜Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组脑组织MDA、NO、NOS、羟自由基和单胺氧化酶(MAO)活性显著高于对照组(p＜0.01);高铜Ⅲ组、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组脑组织CAT和胆碱酯酶(CHE)活性较对照组显著降低(p＜0.01)。高铜Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血清铜蓝蛋白(CP)、铜锌超氧化物岐化酶(Cu-Zn-SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性显著高于对照组(p＜0.05),高铜Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组CP、Cu-Zn-SOD和GSH-Px活性较对照组显著显著降低(p＜0.01);高铜Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组的血清丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)较对照组显著升高(p＜0.01),高铜Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组的血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性较对照组显著降低(p＜0.01)。高铜Ⅲ组、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组脑组织细胞凋亡百分数较对照组显著升高(p＜0.01),高铜Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组脑组织Bax的阳性表达率都显著高于对照组(p＜0.01),脑组织BCl-2的阳性率表达率仅高铜Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组与对照组差异显著(p＜0.05或p＜0.01)。结果表明,日粮铜含量达400mg/kg以上时,脑组织抗氧化功能下降,氧化能力受损,脑细胞凋亡增加。
360 one-day-old Avian chickens were randomly divided into six groups,and fed on diets as follows:controls(Cu 10.89mg/kg) and high copper(Cu 100mg/kg,high copper groupⅠ;Cu 200mg/kg,high copper groupⅡ;Cu 400mg/kg,high copper groupⅢ;Cu 600mg/kg,high copper groupⅣ;Cu 800mg/kg,high copper groupⅤ) for six weeks.The growth velocity in high copper groupsⅠandⅡwere stepped up,while those were lowed in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤ.Clinical symptom were appeared in the third week and death were happened in high copper group V.Pathological changes were appeared in high copper groupⅤwhen compared with those in control group.The chondriosome were intumesce in nerve cell,the medullary sheath were vacuolization and apoptosis cells were found in nerve cell of cerebellum ultrastructurally.The copper content in brain and serum were much higher in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤthan in control gomp(P＜0.01). The brain tissue Cu-Zn-SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased in high copper groupsⅠandⅡ,and decreased in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤcompared with those of control group.The MDA,NO contents and NOS,hydroxy radical,monoamine oxidase(MAO) avtivities in brain tissue were much higher in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤthan in control group.The brain tissue catalase(CAT) and choline esterase(CHE) activities were much lower in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤthan in control group. The percentage of apoptotic brain cells was significantly increased in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤcompared with that of control group.The serum copper protein(CP), copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase(Cu-Zn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities (GSH-PX) were decreased in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤcompared with those of control group,and increased significantly in high copper groupsⅠandⅡ.The serum malonaldehyde(MDA),nitrogen monoxidum(NO) contents and nitricoxide synthase (NOS) activity were much higher in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤthan in control group,and the serum hydrogen peroxidase(CAT) activity were significantly decreased in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤcompared with that of control group.The percentage of positive cells of Bax was increased in high copper groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤ,and the percentage of positive cells of Bcl-2 decreased(p＜0.05 or p＜0.01) in high copper groupsⅣandⅤin comparison with those of control group.
The results showed that the brain tissue antioxygen function was decreased and the percentage of apoptotic brain cells was increased under the dietary Cu in excess of 400mg/kg diet.
360 one-day-old Avian chickens were randomly divided into six groups,and fed on diets as follows:controls(Cu 10.89mg/kg) and high copper(Cu 100mg/kg,high copper groupⅠ;Cu 200mg/kg,high copper groupⅡ;Cu 400mg/kg,high copper groupⅢ;Cu 600mg/kg,high copper groupⅣ;Cu 800mg/kg,high copper groupⅤ) for six weeks.The growth velocity in high copper groupsⅠandⅡwere stepped up,while those were lowed in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤ.Clinical symptom were appeared in the third week and death were happened in high copper group V.Pathological changes were appeared in high copper groupⅤwhen compared with those in control group.The chondriosome were intumesce in nerve cell,the medullary sheath were vacuolization and apoptosis cells were found in nerve cell of cerebellum ultrastructurally.The copper content in brain and serum were much higher in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤthan in control gomp(P＜0.01). The brain tissue Cu-Zn-SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased in high copper groupsⅠandⅡ,and decreased in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤcompared with those of control group.The MDA,NO contents and NOS,hydroxy radical,monoamine oxidase(MAO) avtivities in brain tissue were much higher in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤthan in control group.The brain tissue catalase(CAT) and choline esterase(CHE) activities were much lower in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤthan in control group. The percentage of apoptotic brain cells was significantly increased in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤcompared with that of control group.The serum copper protein(CP), copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase(Cu-Zn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities (GSH-PX) were decreased in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤcompared with those of control group,and increased significantly in high copper groupsⅠandⅡ.The serum malonaldehyde(MDA),nitrogen monoxidum(NO) contents and nitricoxide synthase (NOS) activity were much higher in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤthan in control group,and the serum hydrogen peroxidase(CAT) activity were significantly decreased in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤcompared with that of control group.The percentage of positive cells of Bax was increased in high copper groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤ,and the percentage of positive cells of Bcl-2 decreased(p＜0.05 or p＜0.01) in high copper groupsⅣandⅤin comparison with those of control group.
The results showed that the brain tissue antioxygen function was decreased and the percentage of apoptotic brain cells was increased under the dietary Cu in excess of 400mg/kg diet.
引文
1.Bonham,M,O,connor,JM Hannogan,BM.&Strain,JJ.The immune system as a Physiological indicator of marginal copper stares[J].British Journal Nutrition,2002,87:393-403.
2.吴建设,杨汉春,呙于明等.微量元素铜在动物体内的代谢研究进展[J].饲料博览,1998,1:11-12.
3.段智勇,吴跃明,刘建新.铜对奶牛的营养作用[J].中国饲料,2002,10:11-12.
4.柴春彦,石发庆.铜缺乏对奶牛甲状腺功能的影响[J].中国奶牛,2001,5:16-18.
5.高原,刘国文.高剂量铜对断乳仔猪血液激素和生长因子水平的影响[J].中国兽医科技,2002,32(5):27-30.
6.朱晓萍.高铜对仔猪促生长作用机理的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2002,23(12):21-23.
7.刘国文,周昌芳等.日粮铜对猪生长性能及血清GH、INS、IGF-1、IGFBP_3水平的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2003,23(1):84-87.
8.张苏江,王哲.高铜对生长猪生长性能、血清激素水平及酶活性的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2003,23(2):199-203.
9.柴春彦,刘国艳,石发庆.铜缺乏奶牛脑脊液单胺氧化酶同功酶谱变化特征[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2001.9:9-10.
10.Suttre NF.Copper of deficiency in ruminabts recent developments[J].Veterinary Record,1986,119(21):519-522.
11.Barber R S,Braude R,Mitchell K G,et al.High copper mineral mixture for fatting pigs[J].In Chemisty and Industry,1955,21:601-603.
12.吴建设,呙于明,杨汉春,周毓平.日粮铜水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫功能影响的研究[J]畜牧兽医学报,1999,30(5):414-420.
13.颜泽清,曹锦和,宋珍华.微量元素铜对犬体的营养[J].兽药与饲料添加剂,2001,6(1):27-28.
14.孔祥瑞 编:必需微量元素的营养、生理及临床意义[M].安微科技出版社,合肥,1982.
15.Ludvisen VS.猪营养中毒的生理功能[J].国外畜牧科技,1986,8:26-27.
16.Harris ED.铜是铜锌超氧化物岐化酶的辅助因子和调节因子[J].国外医学医学地理分册,1993,14(2):74-75.
17.王德海,程国富.铜抗氧自由自作用的研究进展[J].微量元素与健康研究,2001,18(4):70-73.
18.缪方明,赵茹.铜锌超氧化物岐化酶与超氧阴离子自由基的对接分析[J].计算机与应用化学.2002,19(4):409-410.
19.高英杰.畜禽铜缺乏症[J].兽医大学学报,1987,3:329-333.
20.李普霖主编:动物病理学[M].长春,吉林科技出版社,1994.
21.Prohaska JR,Downing SW,Lukaswycz OA,et al.Chronic dietary copper deficiency alters biochemical and morphorlogical properties of mouse lymphoid tissue[J].Journal of Nutrition,83,113:1583-1590.
22.Dubick M A,Yu GSM,MajumdarA PN..Morphological and biochemical changes in the pancreas of the copper-deficient female rat[J].Nutr.1989,119:1165-1172.
23.柴春彦,刘国艳.含铜酶与动物铜缺乏的关系[J].饲料博览,1999,11(9):8-9.
24.吴清萍,毛洪兵.铜中毒误诊1例[J].中国误诊杂志.2004,4:636-639.
25.崔恒敏,陈怀涛.雏鸭铜中毒的实验观察[J].中国家禽,2003,25(11):8-10.
26.虞泽鹏,谢启轮,张弘.微量元素铜对肉仔鸡营养作用研究进展[J].兽药与饲料添加剂,2003,8(6):16-18.
27.王幼民,王小龙.高铜的应用的畜禽的慢性中毒作用及对环境的生态影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2001,37:36-38.
28.Auza NJ,William GD,Michael JM & James GL.Diagnosis and treatment of copper toxicosis in ruminants[J].JAVMA,1999,214:1624-1628S.
29.崔恒敏,陈怀涛.铜中毒对雏鸭某些血液指标的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2005,25(3):311-313.
30.Braude R.Some observations on the need for copper in the diet of fattening pigs[J].Agric.Sci.,1945,35:163.
31.刘晓波,罗绪刚,张荣强.高剂量铜对猪促生长作用机理的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,1997,9(3):1-6.
32.Smith MS.Response of chicks to dietary supplements of copper sulphate[J].British poultry Science,1969,10:97-108.
33.周文卿,李智.药理水平铜添加剂对肉仔鸡的生长效应.第二界全国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集,1995.
34.张艳云,孙龙生.日粮中添加高剂量铜对肉仔鸡生长和肝、粪铜浓度的影响(摘要).动物营养论文研究集.北京:中国农业大学出版社,1996.
35.朱奎成,彭西,徐之勇等.高铜对雏鸡生长影响的临床观察[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医.2006,(7):45-46
36.Ledous DR,Ammerman CB & Miles RD.Biological availability of copper for broiler chicks[J].Poult.Sci.1989,66:24.
37.周桂莲,韩友文.饲喂高铜日粮对肉仔鸡影响的研究[J].饲料博览,1996,3:3-6.
38.石宝明,孙海霞,陈靖华.高剂量铜对雏鸡作用效果的研究[J].饲料工业,1999,8:33-34.
39.吕敏之,黄德纯,苏伟岳 等.高剂量铜对肉鸭的作用效果[J].中国家禽,2001,23(4):10-12.
40.Miller E R,E D Ullrey,DJ Ellis et al.Comparison of copper silfate and a selected antibiotic for growing-finishing swine[J].Anim.Sci.,1969;29:140.
41.Muir W M,Hays V W.Efficacy and safety of feed additive use of antibacterial drugs in animal production[J].Can.J Anim.Sci.,1979,59:447.
42.Cromwell G L,T S Stanly,W D Williams.Efficacy of copper as a growth promotant and its interrelationship with sulfur and antibiotics for swine[J].Distillers Feed Conference,1981;36:15.
43.Fuller R L,G M Newland,C A E Briggs,KG Mitchell.The normal intestinal flora of the pig.Ⅳ。 The effect of dietary supplement,of penicillin,chlortetracycllin or copper sulfate on faecal flora[J]..Appl.Bacteriol.,1960,23:195.
44.Smith H W,J E Jones.Effect of the addition of copper sulfate to the diet on the bacterial flora of the alimentary tract of the pig[J].Appl.Bavteriol.,1963,26:262.
45.Hedges J D,E T Kornegay.Interrelationship of dietery copper and iron as measured by blood parameters,tissue stores and feedlot performance[J]..Anim.Sci.,1973,37:1147.
46.Edmonds C A,O A Izquierdo,D H Baker.Feed additive studies with newly weaned pigs:efficacy of supplemental copper,antibiotics and organic acids[J].Anim.Sci.,1985;60:462.
47.Kornegay E T,P H G van Heugten,M D Lindemann et al.Effects of biotin and high cooper levels on performance and immune respons of weanling pigs[J].Anim.Sci.,1989,67:1471.
48.Dove C R,K D Haydon.The effect of copper and fat addition to the diets of weanling swine on growth performance and serum fatty acids[J].Anim.Sci.,1992,70:805.
49.[54]Pau K Y F,O Khorram,A H Kynard.et al.Simultaneous induction of neuropeptide Y and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone release in the rabbit hypothalamus[J].Eeuro endocrinol,1986,49:147.
50.Forbes FM.The role of brain in the control of voluntary feed intake in pigs[J].Pig News Information,1989,10:457-463.
51.Zhou W,Kornegay ET,Lindemann MD,et al.Stimulation of growth in weanling pigs by intravenous administration injetion of copper[J].Journal Animal Science,1992,72:2395-2403.
52.Zhou W,Kornegay E T,Lindemann M D,et al.Stimulation of growth by intravenous injection of copper in weanling pigs[J].Journal Animal Science,1994,72(9):2395.
53.Dove CR & Haydon KD.The effect of copper and fat addition to the diets of weanling swine on grow performance and serum fatty acids[J].Journal Animal Science,1992,70(2):805-810.
54.罗绪刚,Dove CR.饲料铜对断奶仔猪营养利用与相关消化酶活性的影响.动物营养研究论文集.北京:中国农业大学出版社,1996.
55.Luo XG & Dove CR.Effect of ditary copper and fat on nutrient utilization,digestive enzyme activities,and tissue mineral level in weanling pigs[J].Journal Animal Science,1996,74(8):1888-1896.
56.程忠刚.高铜的应用应注意的几个问题.畜禽业,2000,3:50-53.
57.Schenbammer AM.Effects of heavy metal cations,sulfbydryl reagents and other chemical agents on striatal D2-dopamine receptors.Biochem Pharmocal,1985,34(19):3405-3406.
58.Wong YW.Reversible inhibition of specific H-spiroperidol binding by heavy metal ions in rat striatum.Res Commum Psychol Psychiatry Behav,1985,10(3):221.
59.Schvartz l,et al.Coppe r indues luteinizing hormon release and desensitization of pituitary gonadotrope.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1986,136(1):417.
60.刘国文,王哲.促生长激素轴与铜促生长的关系[J].动物医学进展,2000,21(3):22-24.
61.夏枚生.不同化学形式铜对仔猪生长的影响及其作用机理探讨[J].浙江农业学报,2000,12(5):254-258.
62.Zhou W,Kornegay E T,van Laar H.The role of feed consumption and feed efficiency in copper-stimulated growth[J].J Ainm Sci,1994b,72:2385-2386.
63.杨连玉,杨文艳,李家奎等.日粮铜源及其水平对猪下丘脑生长抑素分泌的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2005,25(3):198-200.
64.王伟,李韦博.微量元素铜研究进展[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,1998,(9):33-36.
65.Davis GK,Meriz W.Copper,In Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition(W.Merts,ed)[M].Academic Press,New York,1987:3O1-364.
66.Meenrick S,Zorumski CF.Glial contribution of excitatory neurotranmission in.cultrured hippocampal cells[J].Nature,1994,368:59-62.
67.Kyoko I,Serge W,Parviz M.Cytochrome c oxidase defects of the human substantia nigra in normal aging[J].Neurobiol Aging,1996,17:843-848.
68.曹琰,白雪涛.铜锌对大鼠神经元细胞色素氧化酶活力的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2003,20(6):331-335。
69.Famulari AL,Marschoff ER,Llesuy SF,Kohan S,Serra JA,Dominguez RO,Repetto M,Reides C,Sacerdote de Lustig E.The antioxidant enzymatic blood profile in Alzheimer's and vascular disease.Their association and a possible assay to differentiate subjects and controls.J Neurol Sci,1996,141(1-2):69-78.
70.Serra JA,Famulari AL,Kohan S,Marshcoff ER,Domingues RO,de Lustig ES.Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in red blood cells in probable Alzheimer's patients and their first-degree relatives.J Neurol Sci,1994,122(2):179-188.
71.Zemlan FP,Thienhaus OJ,Bosmann HB.Superoxide dismutase activity in Alzheimer's disease:possible mechanism for paired helical filament formation.Briain Res,1989,476(1):160-162.
72.向晓辉,赵晏.铜和阿尔茨海默病.国外医学:医学地理分册,2003,24(2):54-58.
73.蒋杰球.脑脊液铜蓝蛋白、层粘连蛋白联合测定对中枢神经系统疾病的诊断价值[J].广西医科大学学报,2002,19(6):835-836.
74.Gybina AA,Prohaska JR.Increased rat brain cytochrome c correlates with degree of perinatal copper difeciency rather than apoptosis.J Nutr,2003,133(11):3361-3368.
75.吴洁,刘晓青,潘骏等.铜诱导大脑皮层和海马组织bax、bcl-2热休克蛋白70基因的表达[J].实用儿科临床杂志,2003,10:811-813.
76.陈敏怡,陆江琴,潘骏等.铜诱导胚鼠神经元相关基因表达谱初探[J].实用儿科临床杂志,2004,19(11):976-978.
77.崔恒敏,朱奎成.高铜对雏鸡肝细胞周期和凋亡影响的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(9):908-913
78.杨克敌.微量元素与健康[M].北京:科学出版社,2003,100-106.
79.向晓辉,赵晏.铜和阿尔茨海默病[J].国外医学医学地理分册,2003,24(2):54-58.
80.阮喜云,张中波,马效霞等.金属在不同疾病中的作用[J].国外医学医学地理分册,2003,24(3):125-129.
81.陈占荣,王兴旺,邬瑞梅.中枢神经系统白血病患者脑脊液铜、锌及铜比值检查的临床意义.山西临床药杂志,1999,10:359-340.
82.Blood D C,Radosuts.O M.Veterinary Meiden(Fifth Edition)[M].Englan:Badhere Lindall,1979:621-957.
83.杨居荣,葛家瞒,张美庆.砷及重金属对土壤微生物的影响[J].环境科学学报,1982,2(3):190-197.
84.夏家琪.赣东北铜矿附近水稻铜环境基准与铜污染防治措施研究报告[R].国家环境科学研究所,1989.
85.胡兴龙.胃癌患者血清铜、锌水平与组织学分化程度及分期的关系探讨[J].广东微量元素科学,1999,6(8):32-34.
86.张燕燕,陈晓.老年糖尿病人血清中脂质过氧化物与铜锌铁镁的测定及评价.微量元素与健康研究.1999,16(2):18-20.
87.Miles RD,O'Keefe SF,Henry PR.The effect of dietary supplemention with copper sulfate or tribasic chloride copper chloride on broiler performance,relative copper bioavailability,and dierary prooxidant activity[J].Poultry Science,1998,77(3):416-425.
88.Smith M S.Response of chicks to dietary supplements of copper sulphate[J].British poultry Science,1969,10:97-108.
89.周文卿,李智.药理水平铜添加剂对肉仔鸡的生长效应.第二界全国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集,1995,88.
90.张艳云,孙龙生.日粮中添加高剂量铜对肉仔鸡生长和肝、粪铜浓度的影响(摘要).动物营养论文研究集.北京:中国农业大学出版社,1996,133.
91.李宏,郑中朝,郭天芬等.日粮铜水平对兔组织器官中铜沉积量及铜代谢的影响[J].中国草食动物,2000,2(4):11-13.
92.王希春,吴金节,李义刚等.高铜日粮对断奶仔猪血清及组织中铜、铁、锌沉积的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2006,29(1):72-76.
93.韩济生,任民峰,汤健.中枢神经介质概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.57.
94.宋芹,王翠萍,戈秋影.测定有机磷农药中毒患者血清肌酸激酸与血胆碱酯酶对判断中毒程度的比较[J].中国危重病急救医学,1998,10:683-684.
95.Sager RL.Hamar DW.Gould DH.Clinical and biochemical alterations in calves with nutritionally induced poliencephalomalacia[J].Amer.J.Vet.Res.1990,51(12):1969-1974.
96.Dell BL.and prohaska JR.Biochemical aspects of copper deficiency in the nervous system In Neurobiology of the Trace Elements[M].Human Press,1983:41-81.
97.Rusinko N and Prohaska JR.Adrenine nucleotide and lactate levels in organs from copper deficient mice[J].Nutr,1985,115:936-943.
98.陈剑峰,王恩多.单胺氧化酶[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2000,27(5):504-508.
99.李巧如.沙棘现代研究进展[J].中国中医药信息杂志,1996,3(3):10.
100.Boden N.Btochem Biophys Res Commen,1974,57:945-848.
101.柴春彦,刘国艳.铜的抗氧化作用研究进展[J].动物医学进展,1999,20(3):6-8.
102.张苏江,张光圣.猪饲料铜水平对血清酶活性的影响[J].动物科学与动物医学,2002,19(8):16-19.
103.傅爱根,王爱国,罗广华.铜锌超氧化物歧化酶与过氧化氢反应中羟自由基的形成[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1998,6(2):111-116.
104.裴凌鹏,惠伯棣.万寿菊提取物改善D-半乳糖致衰老大鼠抗氧化功能的研究[J].国外医学,2007,28(1):38-42.
105.王凡,赵元凤,刘长发.Cu~(2+)对牙鲆肌肉抗氧化防御系统的影响[J].淡水渔业,2007,37(2):27-29.
106.张力,柳树青.日粮不同铜水平对生长猪组织器官矿物元素和血液生化指标的影响[J].福建农业大学学报,1994,23(2):196-198.
107.贾宜昌,钟才云,王颖明等.长期摄铝对大鼠海马铝、铁、锌含量和脂质过氧化的影响[J].卫生研究,2001,33(3):132-134.
108.黄永洪,花慧,等.猪肝过氧化氢酶提取条件的研究[J].生物技术通讯,2005,16(1):40-42
109.王金胜,郭春绒,张映.农业生物化学技术[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,1997.
110.龙建纲,王学敏,高宏翔等.丙二醛对大鼠肝线粒体呼吸功能及相关脱氢酶活性影响[J].第二军医大学学报.2005,26(10):1131-1135.
111.莫简.自由基在生物体系中的作用:普通中间介质或非特异性调节剂[J].自由基生命科学进展.1999,7:7-10.
112.马得莹,单安山.铜对动物体内自由基防御系统酶活性及其基因标的的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2003,30(5):27-29.
113.顾有方,陈会良,刘德义,等.自由基的生理和病理作用[J].动物医学进展,2005,26(1):94-97.
114.陈瑾歆,唐聪明.氧自由基的研究进展[J].海南医学院学报,2004,10(3):206-208.
115.Harman D.Nutritional implications of the free-radical theory of aging[J].J Am Coll Nutr,1982,1(1):27-34.
116.王德海,程国富.铜抗氧自由基作用的研究进展[J].微量元素与健康研究.2001,18(4):70-73.
117.Garthwaite J,Charles S L,Chess Williams R.Endothelium derived relaxing factor release on activation of NMDA receptors suggests role as intercellular messenger in the brain[J].Nature.1988,336(6197):385-388.
118.康立生等.一氧化氯在大脑徽循环调节中具有重要作用[D].生理科学进展,1994,25(1), 16.
119.刘建国.一氧化氮和细胞因子之间的相互调节作用[J].生理科学进展,2000,31(1):61-64.
120.Barthwal M K,Srivastava N,Diksllit M.Role of nitric oxide in a progressive neurodegeneration model of Parkinson s disease in the rat[J].Redox Rep,2001,6(5):297.
121.胡文辉等.一氧化氮与神经损伤[J].生理科学进展,1994,25(4):300-304.
122.Bloanos J P,Peuchen S.Nitrie exide-mediated inhibition of the mitoehondrial respiratory chain in cultured astroeytes[J].J Nerroehem,1999,63(3):910.
123.Halliwell B.Reactive oxygen species and the central nerous system[J].j Nerrochem,1998,59(4):1609.
124.Faraci FM,Brian JE.Nitric oxide and the cerebral circulation.Stroke,1994,25(3):692-703.
125.柴春彦,石发庆,刘国艳,朱明辉 摇摆病奶牛体内铜状态及其与NO水平的关系[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2001,7:1-3.
126.Kree JFR,Wyllie A H,Currie A R.Apoptosis:a basic phenomenon with wide ranging implications in tissue kinetics[J].Br J Cancer,1972,26:239.
127.冯志博,王省.细胞凋亡调控机制的研究进展[J].新乡医学院学报,1999,16(1):89-91.
128.李晓军,武建国.细胞凋亡检测的研究进展及其与疾病的关系[J].临床检验杂志,1999,17(1):1-7.
129.朱长庚等.神经解剖学[M].人民卫生出版社:78-88.
130.彭黎明,王曾礼主编.细胞凋亡的基础与临床[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000,99.
131.曹智刚,袁守军.抑制Bax基因表达与细胞保护的研究进展[J].中国临床药理学与治疗学,2003,8(3):245-248.
I32.NiuY,ZhangR,ChengY,et al.Effect of lead acetate on the apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2and Bax genein rat brain cells[J].Chin J Prey Med,2002,36(1):30-33.
133.吴洁,刘晓青,潘骏等.铜诱导大鼠大脑皮层和海马组织bax、bcl-2和热休克蛋白70基因的表达[J].实用儿科临床杂志,2003,18(10):811-813.
134.陆怡,潘华珍,许彩民.氧化与细胞凋亡[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,1996,23:118-121.
135.Bloanos J P,Peuchen S.Nitrie exide-mediated inhibition of the mitoehondrial respiratory chain in cultured astroeytes[J].J Nerroehem,1999,63(3):910.
136.Halliwell B.Reactive oxygen species and the central nerous system ljJ.j Nerrochem,1998,59(4):1609.
137.Fridman JS,Lowe SW.Control of apotosis by p53[J].Oncogene,2003,22(56):9030-9040.
2.吴建设,杨汉春,呙于明等.微量元素铜在动物体内的代谢研究进展[J].饲料博览,1998,1:11-12.
3.段智勇,吴跃明,刘建新.铜对奶牛的营养作用[J].中国饲料,2002,10:11-12.
4.柴春彦,石发庆.铜缺乏对奶牛甲状腺功能的影响[J].中国奶牛,2001,5:16-18.
5.高原,刘国文.高剂量铜对断乳仔猪血液激素和生长因子水平的影响[J].中国兽医科技,2002,32(5):27-30.
6.朱晓萍.高铜对仔猪促生长作用机理的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2002,23(12):21-23.
7.刘国文,周昌芳等.日粮铜对猪生长性能及血清GH、INS、IGF-1、IGFBP_3水平的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2003,23(1):84-87.
8.张苏江,王哲.高铜对生长猪生长性能、血清激素水平及酶活性的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2003,23(2):199-203.
9.柴春彦,刘国艳,石发庆.铜缺乏奶牛脑脊液单胺氧化酶同功酶谱变化特征[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2001.9:9-10.
10.Suttre NF.Copper of deficiency in ruminabts recent developments[J].Veterinary Record,1986,119(21):519-522.
11.Barber R S,Braude R,Mitchell K G,et al.High copper mineral mixture for fatting pigs[J].In Chemisty and Industry,1955,21:601-603.
12.吴建设,呙于明,杨汉春,周毓平.日粮铜水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫功能影响的研究[J]畜牧兽医学报,1999,30(5):414-420.
13.颜泽清,曹锦和,宋珍华.微量元素铜对犬体的营养[J].兽药与饲料添加剂,2001,6(1):27-28.
14.孔祥瑞 编:必需微量元素的营养、生理及临床意义[M].安微科技出版社,合肥,1982.
15.Ludvisen VS.猪营养中毒的生理功能[J].国外畜牧科技,1986,8:26-27.
16.Harris ED.铜是铜锌超氧化物岐化酶的辅助因子和调节因子[J].国外医学医学地理分册,1993,14(2):74-75.
17.王德海,程国富.铜抗氧自由自作用的研究进展[J].微量元素与健康研究,2001,18(4):70-73.
18.缪方明,赵茹.铜锌超氧化物岐化酶与超氧阴离子自由基的对接分析[J].计算机与应用化学.2002,19(4):409-410.
19.高英杰.畜禽铜缺乏症[J].兽医大学学报,1987,3:329-333.
20.李普霖主编:动物病理学[M].长春,吉林科技出版社,1994.
21.Prohaska JR,Downing SW,Lukaswycz OA,et al.Chronic dietary copper deficiency alters biochemical and morphorlogical properties of mouse lymphoid tissue[J].Journal of Nutrition,83,113:1583-1590.
22.Dubick M A,Yu GSM,MajumdarA PN..Morphological and biochemical changes in the pancreas of the copper-deficient female rat[J].Nutr.1989,119:1165-1172.
23.柴春彦,刘国艳.含铜酶与动物铜缺乏的关系[J].饲料博览,1999,11(9):8-9.
24.吴清萍,毛洪兵.铜中毒误诊1例[J].中国误诊杂志.2004,4:636-639.
25.崔恒敏,陈怀涛.雏鸭铜中毒的实验观察[J].中国家禽,2003,25(11):8-10.
26.虞泽鹏,谢启轮,张弘.微量元素铜对肉仔鸡营养作用研究进展[J].兽药与饲料添加剂,2003,8(6):16-18.
27.王幼民,王小龙.高铜的应用的畜禽的慢性中毒作用及对环境的生态影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2001,37:36-38.
28.Auza NJ,William GD,Michael JM & James GL.Diagnosis and treatment of copper toxicosis in ruminants[J].JAVMA,1999,214:1624-1628S.
29.崔恒敏,陈怀涛.铜中毒对雏鸭某些血液指标的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2005,25(3):311-313.
30.Braude R.Some observations on the need for copper in the diet of fattening pigs[J].Agric.Sci.,1945,35:163.
31.刘晓波,罗绪刚,张荣强.高剂量铜对猪促生长作用机理的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,1997,9(3):1-6.
32.Smith MS.Response of chicks to dietary supplements of copper sulphate[J].British poultry Science,1969,10:97-108.
33.周文卿,李智.药理水平铜添加剂对肉仔鸡的生长效应.第二界全国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集,1995.
34.张艳云,孙龙生.日粮中添加高剂量铜对肉仔鸡生长和肝、粪铜浓度的影响(摘要).动物营养论文研究集.北京:中国农业大学出版社,1996.
35.朱奎成,彭西,徐之勇等.高铜对雏鸡生长影响的临床观察[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医.2006,(7):45-46
36.Ledous DR,Ammerman CB & Miles RD.Biological availability of copper for broiler chicks[J].Poult.Sci.1989,66:24.
37.周桂莲,韩友文.饲喂高铜日粮对肉仔鸡影响的研究[J].饲料博览,1996,3:3-6.
38.石宝明,孙海霞,陈靖华.高剂量铜对雏鸡作用效果的研究[J].饲料工业,1999,8:33-34.
39.吕敏之,黄德纯,苏伟岳 等.高剂量铜对肉鸭的作用效果[J].中国家禽,2001,23(4):10-12.
40.Miller E R,E D Ullrey,DJ Ellis et al.Comparison of copper silfate and a selected antibiotic for growing-finishing swine[J].Anim.Sci.,1969;29:140.
41.Muir W M,Hays V W.Efficacy and safety of feed additive use of antibacterial drugs in animal production[J].Can.J Anim.Sci.,1979,59:447.
42.Cromwell G L,T S Stanly,W D Williams.Efficacy of copper as a growth promotant and its interrelationship with sulfur and antibiotics for swine[J].Distillers Feed Conference,1981;36:15.
43.Fuller R L,G M Newland,C A E Briggs,KG Mitchell.The normal intestinal flora of the pig.Ⅳ。 The effect of dietary supplement,of penicillin,chlortetracycllin or copper sulfate on faecal flora[J]..Appl.Bacteriol.,1960,23:195.
44.Smith H W,J E Jones.Effect of the addition of copper sulfate to the diet on the bacterial flora of the alimentary tract of the pig[J].Appl.Bavteriol.,1963,26:262.
45.Hedges J D,E T Kornegay.Interrelationship of dietery copper and iron as measured by blood parameters,tissue stores and feedlot performance[J]..Anim.Sci.,1973,37:1147.
46.Edmonds C A,O A Izquierdo,D H Baker.Feed additive studies with newly weaned pigs:efficacy of supplemental copper,antibiotics and organic acids[J].Anim.Sci.,1985;60:462.
47.Kornegay E T,P H G van Heugten,M D Lindemann et al.Effects of biotin and high cooper levels on performance and immune respons of weanling pigs[J].Anim.Sci.,1989,67:1471.
48.Dove C R,K D Haydon.The effect of copper and fat addition to the diets of weanling swine on growth performance and serum fatty acids[J].Anim.Sci.,1992,70:805.
49.[54]Pau K Y F,O Khorram,A H Kynard.et al.Simultaneous induction of neuropeptide Y and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone release in the rabbit hypothalamus[J].Eeuro endocrinol,1986,49:147.
50.Forbes FM.The role of brain in the control of voluntary feed intake in pigs[J].Pig News Information,1989,10:457-463.
51.Zhou W,Kornegay ET,Lindemann MD,et al.Stimulation of growth in weanling pigs by intravenous administration injetion of copper[J].Journal Animal Science,1992,72:2395-2403.
52.Zhou W,Kornegay E T,Lindemann M D,et al.Stimulation of growth by intravenous injection of copper in weanling pigs[J].Journal Animal Science,1994,72(9):2395.
53.Dove CR & Haydon KD.The effect of copper and fat addition to the diets of weanling swine on grow performance and serum fatty acids[J].Journal Animal Science,1992,70(2):805-810.
54.罗绪刚,Dove CR.饲料铜对断奶仔猪营养利用与相关消化酶活性的影响.动物营养研究论文集.北京:中国农业大学出版社,1996.
55.Luo XG & Dove CR.Effect of ditary copper and fat on nutrient utilization,digestive enzyme activities,and tissue mineral level in weanling pigs[J].Journal Animal Science,1996,74(8):1888-1896.
56.程忠刚.高铜的应用应注意的几个问题.畜禽业,2000,3:50-53.
57.Schenbammer AM.Effects of heavy metal cations,sulfbydryl reagents and other chemical agents on striatal D2-dopamine receptors.Biochem Pharmocal,1985,34(19):3405-3406.
58.Wong YW.Reversible inhibition of specific H-spiroperidol binding by heavy metal ions in rat striatum.Res Commum Psychol Psychiatry Behav,1985,10(3):221.
59.Schvartz l,et al.Coppe r indues luteinizing hormon release and desensitization of pituitary gonadotrope.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1986,136(1):417.
60.刘国文,王哲.促生长激素轴与铜促生长的关系[J].动物医学进展,2000,21(3):22-24.
61.夏枚生.不同化学形式铜对仔猪生长的影响及其作用机理探讨[J].浙江农业学报,2000,12(5):254-258.
62.Zhou W,Kornegay E T,van Laar H.The role of feed consumption and feed efficiency in copper-stimulated growth[J].J Ainm Sci,1994b,72:2385-2386.
63.杨连玉,杨文艳,李家奎等.日粮铜源及其水平对猪下丘脑生长抑素分泌的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2005,25(3):198-200.
64.王伟,李韦博.微量元素铜研究进展[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,1998,(9):33-36.
65.Davis GK,Meriz W.Copper,In Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition(W.Merts,ed)[M].Academic Press,New York,1987:3O1-364.
66.Meenrick S,Zorumski CF.Glial contribution of excitatory neurotranmission in.cultrured hippocampal cells[J].Nature,1994,368:59-62.
67.Kyoko I,Serge W,Parviz M.Cytochrome c oxidase defects of the human substantia nigra in normal aging[J].Neurobiol Aging,1996,17:843-848.
68.曹琰,白雪涛.铜锌对大鼠神经元细胞色素氧化酶活力的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2003,20(6):331-335。
69.Famulari AL,Marschoff ER,Llesuy SF,Kohan S,Serra JA,Dominguez RO,Repetto M,Reides C,Sacerdote de Lustig E.The antioxidant enzymatic blood profile in Alzheimer's and vascular disease.Their association and a possible assay to differentiate subjects and controls.J Neurol Sci,1996,141(1-2):69-78.
70.Serra JA,Famulari AL,Kohan S,Marshcoff ER,Domingues RO,de Lustig ES.Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in red blood cells in probable Alzheimer's patients and their first-degree relatives.J Neurol Sci,1994,122(2):179-188.
71.Zemlan FP,Thienhaus OJ,Bosmann HB.Superoxide dismutase activity in Alzheimer's disease:possible mechanism for paired helical filament formation.Briain Res,1989,476(1):160-162.
72.向晓辉,赵晏.铜和阿尔茨海默病.国外医学:医学地理分册,2003,24(2):54-58.
73.蒋杰球.脑脊液铜蓝蛋白、层粘连蛋白联合测定对中枢神经系统疾病的诊断价值[J].广西医科大学学报,2002,19(6):835-836.
74.Gybina AA,Prohaska JR.Increased rat brain cytochrome c correlates with degree of perinatal copper difeciency rather than apoptosis.J Nutr,2003,133(11):3361-3368.
75.吴洁,刘晓青,潘骏等.铜诱导大脑皮层和海马组织bax、bcl-2热休克蛋白70基因的表达[J].实用儿科临床杂志,2003,10:811-813.
76.陈敏怡,陆江琴,潘骏等.铜诱导胚鼠神经元相关基因表达谱初探[J].实用儿科临床杂志,2004,19(11):976-978.
77.崔恒敏,朱奎成.高铜对雏鸡肝细胞周期和凋亡影响的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(9):908-913
78.杨克敌.微量元素与健康[M].北京:科学出版社,2003,100-106.
79.向晓辉,赵晏.铜和阿尔茨海默病[J].国外医学医学地理分册,2003,24(2):54-58.
80.阮喜云,张中波,马效霞等.金属在不同疾病中的作用[J].国外医学医学地理分册,2003,24(3):125-129.
81.陈占荣,王兴旺,邬瑞梅.中枢神经系统白血病患者脑脊液铜、锌及铜比值检查的临床意义.山西临床药杂志,1999,10:359-340.
82.Blood D C,Radosuts.O M.Veterinary Meiden(Fifth Edition)[M].Englan:Badhere Lindall,1979:621-957.
83.杨居荣,葛家瞒,张美庆.砷及重金属对土壤微生物的影响[J].环境科学学报,1982,2(3):190-197.
84.夏家琪.赣东北铜矿附近水稻铜环境基准与铜污染防治措施研究报告[R].国家环境科学研究所,1989.
85.胡兴龙.胃癌患者血清铜、锌水平与组织学分化程度及分期的关系探讨[J].广东微量元素科学,1999,6(8):32-34.
86.张燕燕,陈晓.老年糖尿病人血清中脂质过氧化物与铜锌铁镁的测定及评价.微量元素与健康研究.1999,16(2):18-20.
87.Miles RD,O'Keefe SF,Henry PR.The effect of dietary supplemention with copper sulfate or tribasic chloride copper chloride on broiler performance,relative copper bioavailability,and dierary prooxidant activity[J].Poultry Science,1998,77(3):416-425.
88.Smith M S.Response of chicks to dietary supplements of copper sulphate[J].British poultry Science,1969,10:97-108.
89.周文卿,李智.药理水平铜添加剂对肉仔鸡的生长效应.第二界全国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集,1995,88.
90.张艳云,孙龙生.日粮中添加高剂量铜对肉仔鸡生长和肝、粪铜浓度的影响(摘要).动物营养论文研究集.北京:中国农业大学出版社,1996,133.
91.李宏,郑中朝,郭天芬等.日粮铜水平对兔组织器官中铜沉积量及铜代谢的影响[J].中国草食动物,2000,2(4):11-13.
92.王希春,吴金节,李义刚等.高铜日粮对断奶仔猪血清及组织中铜、铁、锌沉积的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2006,29(1):72-76.
93.韩济生,任民峰,汤健.中枢神经介质概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.57.
94.宋芹,王翠萍,戈秋影.测定有机磷农药中毒患者血清肌酸激酸与血胆碱酯酶对判断中毒程度的比较[J].中国危重病急救医学,1998,10:683-684.
95.Sager RL.Hamar DW.Gould DH.Clinical and biochemical alterations in calves with nutritionally induced poliencephalomalacia[J].Amer.J.Vet.Res.1990,51(12):1969-1974.
96.Dell BL.and prohaska JR.Biochemical aspects of copper deficiency in the nervous system In Neurobiology of the Trace Elements[M].Human Press,1983:41-81.
97.Rusinko N and Prohaska JR.Adrenine nucleotide and lactate levels in organs from copper deficient mice[J].Nutr,1985,115:936-943.
98.陈剑峰,王恩多.单胺氧化酶[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2000,27(5):504-508.
99.李巧如.沙棘现代研究进展[J].中国中医药信息杂志,1996,3(3):10.
100.Boden N.Btochem Biophys Res Commen,1974,57:945-848.
101.柴春彦,刘国艳.铜的抗氧化作用研究进展[J].动物医学进展,1999,20(3):6-8.
102.张苏江,张光圣.猪饲料铜水平对血清酶活性的影响[J].动物科学与动物医学,2002,19(8):16-19.
103.傅爱根,王爱国,罗广华.铜锌超氧化物歧化酶与过氧化氢反应中羟自由基的形成[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1998,6(2):111-116.
104.裴凌鹏,惠伯棣.万寿菊提取物改善D-半乳糖致衰老大鼠抗氧化功能的研究[J].国外医学,2007,28(1):38-42.
105.王凡,赵元凤,刘长发.Cu~(2+)对牙鲆肌肉抗氧化防御系统的影响[J].淡水渔业,2007,37(2):27-29.
106.张力,柳树青.日粮不同铜水平对生长猪组织器官矿物元素和血液生化指标的影响[J].福建农业大学学报,1994,23(2):196-198.
107.贾宜昌,钟才云,王颖明等.长期摄铝对大鼠海马铝、铁、锌含量和脂质过氧化的影响[J].卫生研究,2001,33(3):132-134.
108.黄永洪,花慧,等.猪肝过氧化氢酶提取条件的研究[J].生物技术通讯,2005,16(1):40-42
109.王金胜,郭春绒,张映.农业生物化学技术[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,1997.
110.龙建纲,王学敏,高宏翔等.丙二醛对大鼠肝线粒体呼吸功能及相关脱氢酶活性影响[J].第二军医大学学报.2005,26(10):1131-1135.
111.莫简.自由基在生物体系中的作用:普通中间介质或非特异性调节剂[J].自由基生命科学进展.1999,7:7-10.
112.马得莹,单安山.铜对动物体内自由基防御系统酶活性及其基因标的的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2003,30(5):27-29.
113.顾有方,陈会良,刘德义,等.自由基的生理和病理作用[J].动物医学进展,2005,26(1):94-97.
114.陈瑾歆,唐聪明.氧自由基的研究进展[J].海南医学院学报,2004,10(3):206-208.
115.Harman D.Nutritional implications of the free-radical theory of aging[J].J Am Coll Nutr,1982,1(1):27-34.
116.王德海,程国富.铜抗氧自由基作用的研究进展[J].微量元素与健康研究.2001,18(4):70-73.
117.Garthwaite J,Charles S L,Chess Williams R.Endothelium derived relaxing factor release on activation of NMDA receptors suggests role as intercellular messenger in the brain[J].Nature.1988,336(6197):385-388.
118.康立生等.一氧化氯在大脑徽循环调节中具有重要作用[D].生理科学进展,1994,25(1), 16.
119.刘建国.一氧化氮和细胞因子之间的相互调节作用[J].生理科学进展,2000,31(1):61-64.
120.Barthwal M K,Srivastava N,Diksllit M.Role of nitric oxide in a progressive neurodegeneration model of Parkinson s disease in the rat[J].Redox Rep,2001,6(5):297.
121.胡文辉等.一氧化氮与神经损伤[J].生理科学进展,1994,25(4):300-304.
122.Bloanos J P,Peuchen S.Nitrie exide-mediated inhibition of the mitoehondrial respiratory chain in cultured astroeytes[J].J Nerroehem,1999,63(3):910.
123.Halliwell B.Reactive oxygen species and the central nerous system[J].j Nerrochem,1998,59(4):1609.
124.Faraci FM,Brian JE.Nitric oxide and the cerebral circulation.Stroke,1994,25(3):692-703.
125.柴春彦,石发庆,刘国艳,朱明辉 摇摆病奶牛体内铜状态及其与NO水平的关系[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2001,7:1-3.
126.Kree JFR,Wyllie A H,Currie A R.Apoptosis:a basic phenomenon with wide ranging implications in tissue kinetics[J].Br J Cancer,1972,26:239.
127.冯志博,王省.细胞凋亡调控机制的研究进展[J].新乡医学院学报,1999,16(1):89-91.
128.李晓军,武建国.细胞凋亡检测的研究进展及其与疾病的关系[J].临床检验杂志,1999,17(1):1-7.
129.朱长庚等.神经解剖学[M].人民卫生出版社:78-88.
130.彭黎明,王曾礼主编.细胞凋亡的基础与临床[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000,99.
131.曹智刚,袁守军.抑制Bax基因表达与细胞保护的研究进展[J].中国临床药理学与治疗学,2003,8(3):245-248.
I32.NiuY,ZhangR,ChengY,et al.Effect of lead acetate on the apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2and Bax genein rat brain cells[J].Chin J Prey Med,2002,36(1):30-33.
133.吴洁,刘晓青,潘骏等.铜诱导大鼠大脑皮层和海马组织bax、bcl-2和热休克蛋白70基因的表达[J].实用儿科临床杂志,2003,18(10):811-813.
134.陆怡,潘华珍,许彩民.氧化与细胞凋亡[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,1996,23:118-121.
135.Bloanos J P,Peuchen S.Nitrie exide-mediated inhibition of the mitoehondrial respiratory chain in cultured astroeytes[J].J Nerroehem,1999,63(3):910.
136.Halliwell B.Reactive oxygen species and the central nerous system ljJ.j Nerrochem,1998,59(4):1609.
137.Fridman JS,Lowe SW.Control of apotosis by p53[J].Oncogene,2003,22(56):9030-9040.