高速运动目标的光电精密测速技术研究
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摘要
高速运动目标的初速是影响目标飞行距离的一个重要因素,是运动目标运行的一个重要参数。本文针对高速运行的目标(500～1500m/s)的运行速度进行高精度(0.05%)测量。利用λ=650nm半导体激光器和高速硅光电探测器GT101组成光电转换系统,将光电转换后的电压信号经过高速比较器与参考电压相比较得到数字信号,设计了一种数字化激光光幕靶,能够捕捉到快速变化的光信号。以前沿和后沿综合触发的方式,将目标飞行过程中在进入和飞出光幕边沿时刻数据高速采样记录,减少了冗余数据,节省了存储器开销,从而使数据处理变得更简单,使连发测试成为可能。利用数据的连续性来判断信号与噪声,进而消除噪声对测量的影响。
在利用光电精密测速技术时,涉及复杂的空间光交汇计算,通用误差分析方法比较困难。在目标与光束垂直度适当的情况下,目标运动方向的偏差对测量精度的影响属于二阶小量。系统整体误差的主要来源为距离测量误差、时间测量误差以及光束不平行度产生的误差。分析得出本系统在两光束间的不平行度达到α=100″,探测器对准精度达到0.1mm情况下,测量精度可以达到0.02%。
The velocity was an important factor of High-speed moving object. It determined how far the object could fly. The target of this article was measuring the velocity of High-speed moving object between 500 to 1500 m/s accurately. The precision should be up to 0.05%. The measuring laser curtain was composed of laser diode (λ=650nm) and high speed opto-electric detector GT101 (tr =7ns) that made of silicon. The digital signal sourced from comparing the voltage from sampling circuit with reference voltage by high speed comparator. The system could obtain quickly varying light signal. Using front edge and end edge to trigger the system sampling and storing data so we could store the edge situation of the object flying through the laser curtain. It decreased the redundant data, saved the data storing room and made the signal process more easily and continuous measuring possible. It eliminated the impaction of noisy by checking the continuity of the data.
It was related to complex calculation of attitude in Opto-Electronic precision velocity measurement technology with general error analysis. The impaction on measuring precision produced by the deviation of object moving directivity was negligible because of it was second order small quantity in the condition of the angle between the direction of object with light beam was as vertical as possible. The entirety system error sourced from the length error and time error and light-beams non-parallelism. In the condition of non-parallelism wasα=100″and opto-detector alignment precision was 0.1mm the system measurement precision could up to 0.02%.
在利用光电精密测速技术时,涉及复杂的空间光交汇计算,通用误差分析方法比较困难。在目标与光束垂直度适当的情况下,目标运动方向的偏差对测量精度的影响属于二阶小量。系统整体误差的主要来源为距离测量误差、时间测量误差以及光束不平行度产生的误差。分析得出本系统在两光束间的不平行度达到α=100″,探测器对准精度达到0.1mm情况下,测量精度可以达到0.02%。
The velocity was an important factor of High-speed moving object. It determined how far the object could fly. The target of this article was measuring the velocity of High-speed moving object between 500 to 1500 m/s accurately. The precision should be up to 0.05%. The measuring laser curtain was composed of laser diode (λ=650nm) and high speed opto-electric detector GT101 (tr =7ns) that made of silicon. The digital signal sourced from comparing the voltage from sampling circuit with reference voltage by high speed comparator. The system could obtain quickly varying light signal. Using front edge and end edge to trigger the system sampling and storing data so we could store the edge situation of the object flying through the laser curtain. It decreased the redundant data, saved the data storing room and made the signal process more easily and continuous measuring possible. It eliminated the impaction of noisy by checking the continuity of the data.
It was related to complex calculation of attitude in Opto-Electronic precision velocity measurement technology with general error analysis. The impaction on measuring precision produced by the deviation of object moving directivity was negligible because of it was second order small quantity in the condition of the angle between the direction of object with light beam was as vertical as possible. The entirety system error sourced from the length error and time error and light-beams non-parallelism. In the condition of non-parallelism wasα=100″and opto-detector alignment precision was 0.1mm the system measurement precision could up to 0.02%.
引文
[1] 吴志林,大口径机枪双头弹内弹道实验研究,博士学位论文,南京理工大学,1999
[2] 孙强,弹丸初速的测定方法,一重技术,2002 年第 2～3 期:52~53
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[7] http://gdxy.xait.cn/showsz2.asp?sz_id=59 西安工业学院倪晋平个人简介
[8] 董高庆,DGQ-96 水平天幕靶的研制,测试技术学报,1998,12(3):109~114
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[12] 任国民,高森烈,何正求等,弹道国防科技重点实验室设备及功能介绍,弹道学报,1995,7(1): 89~96
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[18] 王利,弹丸炮口被动测速方法的研究,弹道学报,2001,13(2):79~83
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[28] 中电科技集团第 44 研究所产品资料
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[31] 殷纯永,现代干涉测量技术,天津:天津大学出版社,1999,322
[32] 成都鼎创光电设备有限公司光栅尺产品资料
[33] 黄战华,蔡怀宇 等.三角法激光测量系统的误差分析及消除方法,光电工程,2002.1,29(3)
[34] 光机电信息,2003,7:47
[35] ADI Company datasheet:AD8564AR datasheet
[36] Maxim Company datasheet:MAX4053
[37] TI Company datasheet:MSP430F149
[38] GSI Technology ,GS71 datasheet
[39] Maxim Company datasheet:MAX5381
[40] Maxim Company datasheet:MAX202
[41] Maxim Company datasheet:MAX487
[42]北京纬煌公司产品资料,WH8280 datasheet
[43] 李现勇,Visual C++串口通信技术与工程实践,北京:人民邮电出版社,2002,57
[2] 孙强,弹丸初速的测定方法,一重技术,2002 年第 2～3 期:52~53
[3] 吴祥海,徐诚,周克栋等,枪弹弹速测量的现状、问题与发展,测试技术学报,1994,8(1):38~46
[4] 王铁岭,倪晋平,两种弹丸速度测试技术发展简述,西安工业学院学报,1997,17(1):29~30
[5] http://www.knowlerich.com/jd_class/jianjie/jianjie-aq.htm 知识创新网资料
[6] 李翰山,高洪尧,天幕靶精度测量系统改进研究,现代电子技术,2003 第 18期:12~14
[7] http://gdxy.xait.cn/showsz2.asp?sz_id=59 西安工业学院倪晋平个人简介
[8] 董高庆,DGQ-96 水平天幕靶的研制,测试技术学报,1998,12(3):109~114
[9] 倪晋平,田会,姜凌彦,测速线圈靶信号放大与转换电路, 测试技术学报,2004,18(4):316~319
[10] 何云峰,王昌明,孔德仁,线圈靶动态特性分析与补偿, 传感器技术,2005,24(1):9~11
[11] 倪晋平,王铁岭,安莹等,高稳定性光幕靶研制,西安工业学院学报,1997,17(1):41~45
[12] 任国民,高森烈,何正求等,弹道国防科技重点实验室设备及功能介绍,弹道学报,1995,7(1): 89~96
[13] 吴志林,孔德仁,双头弹多普勒测速研究,南京理工大学学报,1999,23(5):430~433
[14] 徐敏,单脉冲测量雷达测速技术研究,现代雷达,2005,27(1):58~61
[15] 沈熊,激光多普勒测速技术及应用,北京:清华大学出版社,2003,1~4
[16] 王惠南,GPS 导航原理与应用,北京:科学出版社,2003,1~10
[17] 何海波 ,杨元喜,孙中苗,几种 GPS 测速方法的比较分析,测绘学报,2002,31(3):217~221
[18] 王利,弹丸炮口被动测速方法的研究,弹道学报,2001,13(2):79~83
[19] 倪晋平,王铁岭,安莹等,高稳定性光幕靶研制,西安工业学院学报,1997,17(1):41~45
[20] 席锋,倪晋平,大靶面光幕靶中发光二极管阵列线光源的设计,测试技术学报,2005,19(1):40~43
[21] 郝晓剑,王高,杜惠杰等,分离型激光启动靶光电探测系统的设计,2002,23(3):118~122
[22] 倪晋平,王铁岭,安莹等,高稳定性光幕靶研制,西安工业学院学报,1997,17(1):41~45
[23] 席锋,倪晋平,大靶面光幕靶中发光二极管阵列线光源的设计,测试技术学报,2005,19(1):40~43
[24] 郝晓剑,王高,杜惠杰等,分离型激光启动靶光电探测系统的设计,2002,23(3):118~122
[25] 赵远,张宇,光电信号检测原理与技术[M] 北京:机械工业出版社,2005,16~18 页
[26] 缪家鼎,徐文娟,牟同升,光电技术[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1995.32
[27] 郝晓剑,王高,杜惠杰等,分离型激光启动靶光电探测系统的设计,2002,23(3):118~122
[28] 中电科技集团第 44 研究所产品资料
[29] 刘昌文,陆尧,刘杰,路绯. 频谱分析型激光测速系统, 光电工程,2004,31(5):52
[30] 沈熊,激光多普勒测速技术及应用,北京:清华大学出版社,2004,3.
[31] 殷纯永,现代干涉测量技术,天津:天津大学出版社,1999,322
[32] 成都鼎创光电设备有限公司光栅尺产品资料
[33] 黄战华,蔡怀宇 等.三角法激光测量系统的误差分析及消除方法,光电工程,2002.1,29(3)
[34] 光机电信息,2003,7:47
[35] ADI Company datasheet:AD8564AR datasheet
[36] Maxim Company datasheet:MAX4053
[37] TI Company datasheet:MSP430F149
[38] GSI Technology ,GS71 datasheet
[39] Maxim Company datasheet:MAX5381
[40] Maxim Company datasheet:MAX202
[41] Maxim Company datasheet:MAX487
[42]北京纬煌公司产品资料,WH8280 datasheet
[43] 李现勇,Visual C++串口通信技术与工程实践,北京:人民邮电出版社,2002,57