天津市平原区地下水数值模拟研究
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摘要
地下水是天津市主要供水水源,由于水资源短缺,长期过量开采地下水,造成地下水位持续下降,地下水资源逐渐枯竭,同时,还引发了许多环境地质问题,如地面沉降、海咸水入侵等。从保证可持续发展的资源条件来看,这已经成为制约天津经济和社会发展的主要因素之一。因此有必要对该区地下水资源进行更精确的评价,以指导天津市合理开发利用地下水资源。
本文运用地下水数值模拟技术对天津市平原区地下水资源进行模拟计算,并预测南水北调供水后地下水的变化趋势。模型以整个天津市为主要的研究范围,面积约为11190km2。通过地下水模拟系统软件VISUAL MODFLOW,利用已知钻孔的资料信息,利用地质统计学条件模拟技术进行地质模型的模拟,从而建立水文地质块状结构;在此基础上,建立水文地质概念模型,进一步识别地下水流系统的补给、排泄条件,然后通过GIS、数据库与VISUAL MODFLOW外部存储文件相结合的方式进行大区域源汇数据赋值,运用水文地质单元流模块HUF实现两者有机结合,建立研究区地下水流数值模拟模型,水文地质参数以岩性赋值,并进行识别和验证以确认其准确性和可靠度。
在对2010年南水北调启动后地下水资源供需分析的基础上,运用模型对停采地下水18286.7×104m3/a和30478×104m3/a两种方案进行预测,停采方案运行10年后,研究区的超采量明显减少,地下水储存量得到补充,浅层和深层地下水中心漏斗水位分别回升9~18m和20~30m。通过论证本文认为,南水北调中线对天津市供水,经过合理调度可以改善天津市地下水超采的状况,对天津市平原地区地下水水位的恢复也起到重要的作用。
Water resources are extremely scarce in Tianjin . Groundwater has brought about long-term groundwater overexploitation. Many environmental-geological problems occur, such as land subsidence, seawater intrusion etc. From the view of sustaining development,the shortage of water resources has become the main controlling factor that restricts the development of economy and society in Tianjin. So it is necessary to evaluate groundwater resources in Tianjin area more exactly for sustaining use of groundwater.
In this dissertation, the groundwater numerical modeling is applied to study on groundwater resources evaluation of Tianjin. Based on the tianjin area, the groundwater numerical modeling is established. The study area is about 11190km2. The groundwater modeling system Visual modflow, which makes the best of borehole data according to transition probability approach and carries through geologic simulation based on conditional simulation of geo-statistics, is applied to construct the hydro geologic structure model, the condition of replenishment and drainage can be identified further. Then the hydro geologic conceptual model is developed and the regional mass of data of sources and sinks are assigned by GIS, data basement and outside files of Visual modflow. At last, the hydrogeology-unit constructs the groundwater numerical simulation model, while the parameters are defined by the materials, the model must be verified its accuracy and reliability.
Based on the analysis of groundwater supply and demand after South to North diversion scheme in 2010a, predication of ceasing exploitation of groundwater 18286.7×104m3/a and 30478×104m3/a is made through the developed numeric simulation model. In the study area, the excess exploitation decrease evidently and the exploitation maintains the level of safe yield in an extent and the water lever at the central of the cone of depression in unconfined and confined aquifer rise by 9~18m and20~30m after ten yeas of ceasing exploitation scheme carrying out. In a summary, the midline of South to North can improve the situation of the excess exploitation, and have significant effect on groundwater lever recovery of Tianjin.
本文运用地下水数值模拟技术对天津市平原区地下水资源进行模拟计算,并预测南水北调供水后地下水的变化趋势。模型以整个天津市为主要的研究范围,面积约为11190km2。通过地下水模拟系统软件VISUAL MODFLOW,利用已知钻孔的资料信息,利用地质统计学条件模拟技术进行地质模型的模拟,从而建立水文地质块状结构;在此基础上,建立水文地质概念模型,进一步识别地下水流系统的补给、排泄条件,然后通过GIS、数据库与VISUAL MODFLOW外部存储文件相结合的方式进行大区域源汇数据赋值,运用水文地质单元流模块HUF实现两者有机结合,建立研究区地下水流数值模拟模型,水文地质参数以岩性赋值,并进行识别和验证以确认其准确性和可靠度。
在对2010年南水北调启动后地下水资源供需分析的基础上,运用模型对停采地下水18286.7×104m3/a和30478×104m3/a两种方案进行预测,停采方案运行10年后,研究区的超采量明显减少,地下水储存量得到补充,浅层和深层地下水中心漏斗水位分别回升9~18m和20~30m。通过论证本文认为,南水北调中线对天津市供水,经过合理调度可以改善天津市地下水超采的状况,对天津市平原地区地下水水位的恢复也起到重要的作用。
Water resources are extremely scarce in Tianjin . Groundwater has brought about long-term groundwater overexploitation. Many environmental-geological problems occur, such as land subsidence, seawater intrusion etc. From the view of sustaining development,the shortage of water resources has become the main controlling factor that restricts the development of economy and society in Tianjin. So it is necessary to evaluate groundwater resources in Tianjin area more exactly for sustaining use of groundwater.
In this dissertation, the groundwater numerical modeling is applied to study on groundwater resources evaluation of Tianjin. Based on the tianjin area, the groundwater numerical modeling is established. The study area is about 11190km2. The groundwater modeling system Visual modflow, which makes the best of borehole data according to transition probability approach and carries through geologic simulation based on conditional simulation of geo-statistics, is applied to construct the hydro geologic structure model, the condition of replenishment and drainage can be identified further. Then the hydro geologic conceptual model is developed and the regional mass of data of sources and sinks are assigned by GIS, data basement and outside files of Visual modflow. At last, the hydrogeology-unit constructs the groundwater numerical simulation model, while the parameters are defined by the materials, the model must be verified its accuracy and reliability.
Based on the analysis of groundwater supply and demand after South to North diversion scheme in 2010a, predication of ceasing exploitation of groundwater 18286.7×104m3/a and 30478×104m3/a is made through the developed numeric simulation model. In the study area, the excess exploitation decrease evidently and the exploitation maintains the level of safe yield in an extent and the water lever at the central of the cone of depression in unconfined and confined aquifer rise by 9~18m and20~30m after ten yeas of ceasing exploitation scheme carrying out. In a summary, the midline of South to North can improve the situation of the excess exploitation, and have significant effect on groundwater lever recovery of Tianjin.
引文
[1] 天津市地质调查研究队,天津市打井办公室.天津市地下水资源评价,1989.12
[2] 张宗祜、沈照理、薛禹群等,华北平原地下水环境演化,地质出版社,2000.2:1～3
[3] 陈培均,吕晓俭,谢振华,北京地下水资源与首都持续发展,北京地质,1999(4):1～6
[4] 天津市地质调查研究院, 环渤海地区(天津部分)地下水资源与环境地质调查评价报告, 2003.11
[5] 关铁生,李晓娟,熊玲. 城市地下水资源的开发利用与保护. 东北水利水电,2000, No.10:4～6
[6] 王开章. 城市地下水水源地的防治与治理措施. 地下水,2000,22(3):110～112
[7]徐恒力.水资源开发与保护.北京:地质出版社.2001 年
[8]赵成.地下水资源评价中有关概念的讨论.甘肃地质学报,1999,8(1):78～85
[9]张春志,刘继朝.孟庆伟.浅议均衡法在地下水资源评价中的应用.西部探矿工程,2005,110(7):78～79
[10]赵秀玲.地下水资源评价中数值法的应用.辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报,2000 年,2(4):51～53
[11] 施仁杰. 马尔可夫链基础及其应用. 陕西:西安电子科技大学出版社,1992
[12] 何芳,吴吉春. 基于马尔可夫链的多元指示地质统计模型. 水文地质工程地质,2003,No.5:28～32
[13] Steven F. Carle and Graham E. Fogg. Transition Probability-Based Indicator Geostatistics, Mathematical Geology. 1996,128(4):453～476
[14] Javandel I and Withespoon P A. Applocation of the finite element method to transient flow in porous media. J Soe Petrol Eng. 1968, 8(3).P241~245
[15] 郭卫星,卢国平. MODFLOW 三维有限差分地下水流模型. 南京大学地球科学系,1999
[16] Michael G. McDonald and Arlen W. Harbaugh, a modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model. 1999
[17] David W. Pollock. A particle tracking post-processing package for MODFLOW. the U. S. Geological Survey finite-difference ground-water flow model, 1994
[18] 孙纳正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1981:42-56.
[19] Brigham Young University-Environmental Modeling Research Laboratory. Groundwater Modeling System Tutorials Volume I ,2002
[20]Brigham Young University – Engineering Computer Graphics Laboratory. SEEP2D Primer, 1998
[21] Chunmiao Zheng & Gordon D. Bennett. Applied Contaminant Transport Modeling Theory and Practice, 1995
[22] Chunmiao Zheng. MT3DMS: A Modular Three-Dimensional Multispecies Transport Model for Simulation of Advection, Dispersion, and Chemical Reactions of Contaminants in Groundwater Systems, Documentation and User’s Guide, Contract Report SERDP-99-A. U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS,1999
[23] T. P. Clement. A Modular Computer Code for Simulation Reactive Multispecies Transport in 3-Dimensional Groundwater Systems. The U. S. Department of Energy, 1997
[24] SEAM3D: A Numerical Model for Three-Dimensional Solute Transport Coupled to Sequential Electron Acceptor-Based Biological Reactions in Groundwater. US Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station Environmental Laboratory,2002
[25] Hsin-Chi J. Lin, David R. Richards and Cary A. Talbot, et. al. FEMWATER: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Computer Model forSimulation Density-Dependent Flow and Transport in Variably Saturated Media,1996
[26] 李文体,刘向华等,河北省地下水超采区划分及现状分析研究,地下水,2000.6(50-59)
[27] Ming-Shu Tsou; Donald O. Whittemore. USER INTERFACE FOR GROUND-WATER MODELING: ARCVIEW EXTENSION . Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. V.6, no.3, 2001. p.251-258
[28]肖艳玲.系统工程理论与方法.北京:石油工业出版社,2002,6
[29]朱学愚,钱孝星,刘新仁.地下水资源评价.南京:南京大学出版社,1987
[30]Dr. John Doherty. Model-Independent Parameter Estimation. Watermark Numerical Computing, 1998
[31] Meyer P D,Valocchi A J,Ashby S F,etal.A numerical investigation of conjugate gradient method as applied to three-dimensional groundwater flow problems in randomly heterogeneous porous media[J].water resources Research 1989,25(6):1440-1446.
[32] Evan R. Anderman, and Mary C. Hill. MODFLOW-2000, The U. S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-water Model-Documentation of the Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow(HUF) Package. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Denver, Colorado,2000
[33] Mary P. Anderson, William W Woessner. APPLIED GROUNDWATER MODELING Simulation of Flow and Advective Transport. Academic Press Limited, 1991
[34] Reevea A S,Warzochaa J.etal.Regional groundwater flow modeling of the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands, Minnesotal[J],Journal of Hydrology. 2001,243(1-2):94-100.
[35]王涛,任稳柱,方月华.南水北调后保定市的水资源联合运用及对环境的影响,海河水利,1995,NO.6
[36] 俞澄生.南水北调的资源、环境和社会效应,长江流域资源与环境,1994,3(3):265～270
[37] 王文楷,张震宇.南水北调中线工程对环境影响分析与预测,1995,14(4):54～58
[38] Hsin-Chi J. Lin, David R. Richards and Cary A. Talbot, et. al. FEMWATER: AThree-Dimensional Finite Element Computer Model for Simulation Density-Dependent Flow and Transport in Variably Saturated Media,1996
[39]卢文喜.地下水运动数值模拟过程中边界条件问题探讨[J].水利学报,2003,(3):33～36.
[40] 卢 文 喜 . 地 下 水 模 拟 预 报 过 程 中 降 水 量 的 预 报 [ J ]. 勘 察 科 学 技术,1995,(4):8～10.
[2] 张宗祜、沈照理、薛禹群等,华北平原地下水环境演化,地质出版社,2000.2:1～3
[3] 陈培均,吕晓俭,谢振华,北京地下水资源与首都持续发展,北京地质,1999(4):1～6
[4] 天津市地质调查研究院, 环渤海地区(天津部分)地下水资源与环境地质调查评价报告, 2003.11
[5] 关铁生,李晓娟,熊玲. 城市地下水资源的开发利用与保护. 东北水利水电,2000, No.10:4～6
[6] 王开章. 城市地下水水源地的防治与治理措施. 地下水,2000,22(3):110～112
[7]徐恒力.水资源开发与保护.北京:地质出版社.2001 年
[8]赵成.地下水资源评价中有关概念的讨论.甘肃地质学报,1999,8(1):78～85
[9]张春志,刘继朝.孟庆伟.浅议均衡法在地下水资源评价中的应用.西部探矿工程,2005,110(7):78～79
[10]赵秀玲.地下水资源评价中数值法的应用.辽宁省交通高等专科学校学报,2000 年,2(4):51～53
[11] 施仁杰. 马尔可夫链基础及其应用. 陕西:西安电子科技大学出版社,1992
[12] 何芳,吴吉春. 基于马尔可夫链的多元指示地质统计模型. 水文地质工程地质,2003,No.5:28～32
[13] Steven F. Carle and Graham E. Fogg. Transition Probability-Based Indicator Geostatistics, Mathematical Geology. 1996,128(4):453～476
[14] Javandel I and Withespoon P A. Applocation of the finite element method to transient flow in porous media. J Soe Petrol Eng. 1968, 8(3).P241~245
[15] 郭卫星,卢国平. MODFLOW 三维有限差分地下水流模型. 南京大学地球科学系,1999
[16] Michael G. McDonald and Arlen W. Harbaugh, a modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model. 1999
[17] David W. Pollock. A particle tracking post-processing package for MODFLOW. the U. S. Geological Survey finite-difference ground-water flow model, 1994
[18] 孙纳正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1981:42-56.
[19] Brigham Young University-Environmental Modeling Research Laboratory. Groundwater Modeling System Tutorials Volume I ,2002
[20]Brigham Young University – Engineering Computer Graphics Laboratory. SEEP2D Primer, 1998
[21] Chunmiao Zheng & Gordon D. Bennett. Applied Contaminant Transport Modeling Theory and Practice, 1995
[22] Chunmiao Zheng. MT3DMS: A Modular Three-Dimensional Multispecies Transport Model for Simulation of Advection, Dispersion, and Chemical Reactions of Contaminants in Groundwater Systems, Documentation and User’s Guide, Contract Report SERDP-99-A. U. S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS,1999
[23] T. P. Clement. A Modular Computer Code for Simulation Reactive Multispecies Transport in 3-Dimensional Groundwater Systems. The U. S. Department of Energy, 1997
[24] SEAM3D: A Numerical Model for Three-Dimensional Solute Transport Coupled to Sequential Electron Acceptor-Based Biological Reactions in Groundwater. US Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station Environmental Laboratory,2002
[25] Hsin-Chi J. Lin, David R. Richards and Cary A. Talbot, et. al. FEMWATER: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Computer Model forSimulation Density-Dependent Flow and Transport in Variably Saturated Media,1996
[26] 李文体,刘向华等,河北省地下水超采区划分及现状分析研究,地下水,2000.6(50-59)
[27] Ming-Shu Tsou; Donald O. Whittemore. USER INTERFACE FOR GROUND-WATER MODELING: ARCVIEW EXTENSION . Journal of Hydrologic Engineering. V.6, no.3, 2001. p.251-258
[28]肖艳玲.系统工程理论与方法.北京:石油工业出版社,2002,6
[29]朱学愚,钱孝星,刘新仁.地下水资源评价.南京:南京大学出版社,1987
[30]Dr. John Doherty. Model-Independent Parameter Estimation. Watermark Numerical Computing, 1998
[31] Meyer P D,Valocchi A J,Ashby S F,etal.A numerical investigation of conjugate gradient method as applied to three-dimensional groundwater flow problems in randomly heterogeneous porous media[J].water resources Research 1989,25(6):1440-1446.
[32] Evan R. Anderman, and Mary C. Hill. MODFLOW-2000, The U. S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-water Model-Documentation of the Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow(HUF) Package. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Denver, Colorado,2000
[33] Mary P. Anderson, William W Woessner. APPLIED GROUNDWATER MODELING Simulation of Flow and Advective Transport. Academic Press Limited, 1991
[34] Reevea A S,Warzochaa J.etal.Regional groundwater flow modeling of the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands, Minnesotal[J],Journal of Hydrology. 2001,243(1-2):94-100.
[35]王涛,任稳柱,方月华.南水北调后保定市的水资源联合运用及对环境的影响,海河水利,1995,NO.6
[36] 俞澄生.南水北调的资源、环境和社会效应,长江流域资源与环境,1994,3(3):265～270
[37] 王文楷,张震宇.南水北调中线工程对环境影响分析与预测,1995,14(4):54～58
[38] Hsin-Chi J. Lin, David R. Richards and Cary A. Talbot, et. al. FEMWATER: AThree-Dimensional Finite Element Computer Model for Simulation Density-Dependent Flow and Transport in Variably Saturated Media,1996
[39]卢文喜.地下水运动数值模拟过程中边界条件问题探讨[J].水利学报,2003,(3):33～36.
[40] 卢 文 喜 . 地 下 水 模 拟 预 报 过 程 中 降 水 量 的 预 报 [ J ]. 勘 察 科 学 技术,1995,(4):8～10.