杭州市地下水质量及开采引起的地面沉降环境效应分析
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摘要
地下水既是一种宝贵的自然资源，又是环境的基本要素。当今世界所面临的“人口、资源、环境”三大问题，都直接或间接地与地下水资源有关。随着人口的不断增长，城市及工农业的迅速发展，人类对地下水的需求量急剧增加。然而过量开采第四纪松散沉积层中的地下水容易引起一系列的环境地质问题，尤其是地面沉降地质灾害问题。因此，在对地下水系统进行全面、科学分析的基础上，正确评价出地下水的水质和水量，并对可能产生的地面沉降问题进行预测、分析已成为人类对地下水资源进行合理开发利用的前提和基础。本文以杭州市第四纪松散孔隙含水系统为研究对象，评价了地下水的水质和可采量，分析了可能产生的地面沉降环境效应问题，主要研究内容如下：
(1)在前面研究杭州市第四纪松散孔隙含水系统水文地质特征的基础上，详细论述了地下水开采引起的地质环境问题。
(2)在充分了解研究区含水层水质历史和现状的前提下，采用随机选择因子的模糊综合评判法，对杭州市的水质进行了评价。
(3)以杭州第四纪孔隙含水层为研究对象，含水层可分为潜水含水层、承压含水层以及之间的粘性弱透水层。在系统分析该地区水文地质条件的基础上，建立了研究区的概念模型。
(4)在建立概念模型的基础上，进一步建立了研究区完整的三维有限差分非稳定流数学模型。选取2004年1月1日至2004年12月31日的实测水位资料，对模型的水文地质参数进行识别验证。
(5)利用识别的参数和验证后的模型预测了承压含水层水位降深分别控制在15m、20m和25m时，2010年、2020年和2030年的承压水可开采资源量。并在三种预测方案下，对相应的地面沉降环境效应进行分析。
Groundwater is one kind of precious natural resources and also a fundamental element of environment. "Population, resource, environment" these three large problems the world in the nowadays confronting with, are all connected with ground water resources directly or indirectly. With the unceasingly increasing of population and the promptly developing of city, industry and agriculture, the amounts of groundwater that human being needing are rapidly increasing. But, because of exploitation groundwater of Quaternary loose sediment leads series of environment geology, especially the land-subsidence. Therefore, analysis on groundwater water system roundly and accurately, carrying out accurate groundwater quality and quantity, and forecasting possible land subsidence, are the premise and basis that we make use of ground water resources effectively. The quaternary-loose-pore aquifer in HangZhou plain is studied.The groundwater quality and quantity is appraised, and analyzing the problem of possible land subsidence. The main content of the article as follows:
(1) On the basis of investigating Quaternary loose pore aquifer hydrogeololgy condition, geological environment problem owing to groundwater exploitation is dissertated in detail.
(2) Under the premise of full understanding the history and current situation of aquifer water quality, use the random selecting factor of blurred synthesis deciding law to evaluate the water quality in HangZhou.
(3) The object of the study is Quaternary pore aquifer of HangZhou plain .Aquifer can be divided into phreatic aquifer, weak permeable aquifer, the confined aquifer. On basis of carrying out system analysis to hydrogeololgy condition about this area, the concept model about studying area is built.
(4) On the basis of establishing the concept model, the entire three dimensional finite difference unsteady flow mathematical model is built.By using observation borehole datum from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004, the hydro-geologic parameters are identified and calibrated.
(5) Using the model which have been distinguished and verified to forecast the confined aquifer, when the water table control during the period of 15 m, 20m 25m, calculate the quantity of confined water is calculated. Under the three forecast schemes, the relevant land subsidence environment effect is analyzed.
(1)在前面研究杭州市第四纪松散孔隙含水系统水文地质特征的基础上，详细论述了地下水开采引起的地质环境问题。
(2)在充分了解研究区含水层水质历史和现状的前提下，采用随机选择因子的模糊综合评判法，对杭州市的水质进行了评价。
(3)以杭州第四纪孔隙含水层为研究对象，含水层可分为潜水含水层、承压含水层以及之间的粘性弱透水层。在系统分析该地区水文地质条件的基础上，建立了研究区的概念模型。
(4)在建立概念模型的基础上，进一步建立了研究区完整的三维有限差分非稳定流数学模型。选取2004年1月1日至2004年12月31日的实测水位资料，对模型的水文地质参数进行识别验证。
(5)利用识别的参数和验证后的模型预测了承压含水层水位降深分别控制在15m、20m和25m时，2010年、2020年和2030年的承压水可开采资源量。并在三种预测方案下，对相应的地面沉降环境效应进行分析。
Groundwater is one kind of precious natural resources and also a fundamental element of environment. "Population, resource, environment" these three large problems the world in the nowadays confronting with, are all connected with ground water resources directly or indirectly. With the unceasingly increasing of population and the promptly developing of city, industry and agriculture, the amounts of groundwater that human being needing are rapidly increasing. But, because of exploitation groundwater of Quaternary loose sediment leads series of environment geology, especially the land-subsidence. Therefore, analysis on groundwater water system roundly and accurately, carrying out accurate groundwater quality and quantity, and forecasting possible land subsidence, are the premise and basis that we make use of ground water resources effectively. The quaternary-loose-pore aquifer in HangZhou plain is studied.The groundwater quality and quantity is appraised, and analyzing the problem of possible land subsidence. The main content of the article as follows:
(1) On the basis of investigating Quaternary loose pore aquifer hydrogeololgy condition, geological environment problem owing to groundwater exploitation is dissertated in detail.
(2) Under the premise of full understanding the history and current situation of aquifer water quality, use the random selecting factor of blurred synthesis deciding law to evaluate the water quality in HangZhou.
(3) The object of the study is Quaternary pore aquifer of HangZhou plain .Aquifer can be divided into phreatic aquifer, weak permeable aquifer, the confined aquifer. On basis of carrying out system analysis to hydrogeololgy condition about this area, the concept model about studying area is built.
(4) On the basis of establishing the concept model, the entire three dimensional finite difference unsteady flow mathematical model is built.By using observation borehole datum from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004, the hydro-geologic parameters are identified and calibrated.
(5) Using the model which have been distinguished and verified to forecast the confined aquifer, when the water table control during the period of 15 m, 20m 25m, calculate the quantity of confined water is calculated. Under the three forecast schemes, the relevant land subsidence environment effect is analyzed.
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