杨树根际寄生线虫种群时空动态研究
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摘要
本研究自2007年3月至2008年3月,在江苏省泗洪县陈圩林场南林351杨(美洲黑杨69杨Populus deltoids.harvard×63杨Populus deltoids.lux,3年半生)和南京林业大学树木园苗圃南林895杨(美洲黑杨×欧美杨Populus×euramericana.cv.,2年生)样地,采集120株杨树的根及根际土壤样品600份。2007年1月在江苏省泗洪县徐洪河I-69杨(美洲黑杨Populus deltoids Bartr. cv.,1年生)样地,采集10株杨树的根及根际土壤样品50份。共鉴定出杨树根际寄生线虫4目10科12属14种,其中包括9个已知种和5个未定种,分别是:
南方丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus australis Xie & Feng,1996)圆形丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus orbus Andrassy,1954)指状螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus digitiformis Ivanova,1967)小尾盾线虫(Scutellonema brachyurus Striner,1938)微小针线虫(Paratylenchus minutus Linford,1949)同形真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchus isomerus Anderson & Hoopper,1980)林伯滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides limberi Steiner,1936)双尾滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides bicaudatus Filipjuv&Schuurmans, Stekhoven,1941)美洲剑线虫(Xiphinema americanum Cobb,1913)矮化属线虫(Tylenchorhynchus sp. Cobb,1913)茎属线虫(Ditylenchus sp. Filipjev,1936)短体属线虫(Pratylenchus sp. Filipjev,1936)伞滑刃属线虫(Bursaphelenchus sp. Fuchs,1937)拟毛刺属线虫(Paratrichodorus sp. Siddiqi,1974)
其中,南方丝尾垫刃线虫、圆形丝尾垫刃线虫、指状螺旋线虫、微小针线虫、同形真滑刃线虫、林伯滑刃线虫和双尾滑刃线虫7种线虫为江苏新记录种。南方丝尾垫刃线虫、圆形丝尾垫刃线虫、指状螺旋线虫、小尾盾线虫、微小针线虫、林伯滑刃线虫、双尾滑刃线虫和美洲剑线虫8种线虫均为世界杨树寄主新记录种。矮化属线虫、茎属线虫、短体属线虫、伞滑刃属线虫和拟毛刺属线虫均为世界杨树寄主新记录属。江苏泗洪陈圩林场和南京林业大学苗圃的杨树根际寄生线虫优势种群分别是指状螺旋线虫和微小针线虫。
生态学方面,于2007年3、6、8、10、12月和2008年3月,按5～15 cm、16～25 cm、26～35 cm、36～45 cm、46～55 cm分层采集杨树根及根际土壤。通过对所采集土壤样品中的寄生线虫进行计数,从时间和空间对全年土壤样品中线虫种群数量的动态变化进行了比较和分析。结果表明,杨树根际寄生线虫于各土层中的种群数量有所变化。南方丝尾垫刃线虫主要分布在26～35cm土层,指状螺旋线虫主要分布在5～15cm土层,小尾盾线虫主要分布在5～15cm土层,微小针线虫主要分布在36～45cm土层,美洲剑线虫主要分布在16～25cm土层。杨树根际寄生线虫种群数量在一年中随时间的变化发生明显的波动,以全年不同时间的线虫密度来看,春、夏季线虫密度较大,秋、冬季线虫密度较小。
Species and populations of plant-parasitic nematodes of the poplar tree in Jiangsu province were investigated during 2007~2008. 14 species of plant nematodes in rhizosphere of the poplar tree were identified. They belong to 4 orders, 10 families and 12 genus.
These species are: Filenchus australis Xie & Feng,1996 Filenchus orbus Andrassy, 1954 Helicotylenchus digitiformis Ivanova,1967 Paratylenchus minutus Linford,1949 Scutellonema brachyurus Striner,1938 Aphelenchus isomerus Anderson & Hoopper, 1980 Aphelenchoides limberi Steiner,1936 Aphelenchoides bicaudatus Filipjuv&Schuurmans, Stekhoven,1941 Xiphinema americanum Cobb,1913 Tylenchorhynchus sp. Cobb,1913 Ditylenchus sp. Filipjev,1936 Pratylenchus sp. Filipjev,1936 Bursaphelenchus sp. Fuchs,1937 Paratrichodorus sp. Siddiqi,1974
The studies on nematode population dynamics showed some results. Vertical distribution of plant-parasitic nematode species at soil depths of 5~15 cm、16~25 cm、26~35 cm、36~45 cm、46~55 cm was examined in two fields in Jiangsu province during 2007 to 2008. And the population density of plant-parasitic nematodes at different time of 3th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th month,2007 and 3th month,2008 were examined in two fields in Jiangsu province.Analysis on vertical distribution of nematodes showed that different species had different trends of the vertical distribution in soil. Filenchus australis was mainly distributed in the layer of 26~35cm; Helicotylenchus digitiformis was mainly distributed in the layer of 5~15cm; Scutellonema brachyurus was mainly distributed in the layer of 5~15cm; Paratylenchus minutus was mainly distributed in the layer of 36~45cm; Xiphinema americanum was mainly distributed in the layer of 16~25cm. And each nematode specie appears distinct and different seasonal dynamics. The population density of plant-parasitic nematodes is larger in spring and summer than in autumn and winter.
南方丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus australis Xie & Feng,1996)圆形丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus orbus Andrassy,1954)指状螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus digitiformis Ivanova,1967)小尾盾线虫(Scutellonema brachyurus Striner,1938)微小针线虫(Paratylenchus minutus Linford,1949)同形真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchus isomerus Anderson & Hoopper,1980)林伯滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides limberi Steiner,1936)双尾滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides bicaudatus Filipjuv&Schuurmans, Stekhoven,1941)美洲剑线虫(Xiphinema americanum Cobb,1913)矮化属线虫(Tylenchorhynchus sp. Cobb,1913)茎属线虫(Ditylenchus sp. Filipjev,1936)短体属线虫(Pratylenchus sp. Filipjev,1936)伞滑刃属线虫(Bursaphelenchus sp. Fuchs,1937)拟毛刺属线虫(Paratrichodorus sp. Siddiqi,1974)
其中,南方丝尾垫刃线虫、圆形丝尾垫刃线虫、指状螺旋线虫、微小针线虫、同形真滑刃线虫、林伯滑刃线虫和双尾滑刃线虫7种线虫为江苏新记录种。南方丝尾垫刃线虫、圆形丝尾垫刃线虫、指状螺旋线虫、小尾盾线虫、微小针线虫、林伯滑刃线虫、双尾滑刃线虫和美洲剑线虫8种线虫均为世界杨树寄主新记录种。矮化属线虫、茎属线虫、短体属线虫、伞滑刃属线虫和拟毛刺属线虫均为世界杨树寄主新记录属。江苏泗洪陈圩林场和南京林业大学苗圃的杨树根际寄生线虫优势种群分别是指状螺旋线虫和微小针线虫。
生态学方面,于2007年3、6、8、10、12月和2008年3月,按5～15 cm、16～25 cm、26～35 cm、36～45 cm、46～55 cm分层采集杨树根及根际土壤。通过对所采集土壤样品中的寄生线虫进行计数,从时间和空间对全年土壤样品中线虫种群数量的动态变化进行了比较和分析。结果表明,杨树根际寄生线虫于各土层中的种群数量有所变化。南方丝尾垫刃线虫主要分布在26～35cm土层,指状螺旋线虫主要分布在5～15cm土层,小尾盾线虫主要分布在5～15cm土层,微小针线虫主要分布在36～45cm土层,美洲剑线虫主要分布在16～25cm土层。杨树根际寄生线虫种群数量在一年中随时间的变化发生明显的波动,以全年不同时间的线虫密度来看,春、夏季线虫密度较大,秋、冬季线虫密度较小。
Species and populations of plant-parasitic nematodes of the poplar tree in Jiangsu province were investigated during 2007~2008. 14 species of plant nematodes in rhizosphere of the poplar tree were identified. They belong to 4 orders, 10 families and 12 genus.
These species are: Filenchus australis Xie & Feng,1996 Filenchus orbus Andrassy, 1954 Helicotylenchus digitiformis Ivanova,1967 Paratylenchus minutus Linford,1949 Scutellonema brachyurus Striner,1938 Aphelenchus isomerus Anderson & Hoopper, 1980 Aphelenchoides limberi Steiner,1936 Aphelenchoides bicaudatus Filipjuv&Schuurmans, Stekhoven,1941 Xiphinema americanum Cobb,1913 Tylenchorhynchus sp. Cobb,1913 Ditylenchus sp. Filipjev,1936 Pratylenchus sp. Filipjev,1936 Bursaphelenchus sp. Fuchs,1937 Paratrichodorus sp. Siddiqi,1974
The studies on nematode population dynamics showed some results. Vertical distribution of plant-parasitic nematode species at soil depths of 5~15 cm、16~25 cm、26~35 cm、36~45 cm、46~55 cm was examined in two fields in Jiangsu province during 2007 to 2008. And the population density of plant-parasitic nematodes at different time of 3th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th month,2007 and 3th month,2008 were examined in two fields in Jiangsu province.Analysis on vertical distribution of nematodes showed that different species had different trends of the vertical distribution in soil. Filenchus australis was mainly distributed in the layer of 26~35cm; Helicotylenchus digitiformis was mainly distributed in the layer of 5~15cm; Scutellonema brachyurus was mainly distributed in the layer of 5~15cm; Paratylenchus minutus was mainly distributed in the layer of 36~45cm; Xiphinema americanum was mainly distributed in the layer of 16~25cm. And each nematode specie appears distinct and different seasonal dynamics. The population density of plant-parasitic nematodes is larger in spring and summer than in autumn and winter.
引文
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