南海南部海洋环流的结构与季节变化
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摘要
通过收集、整理了80年代以来南海南部及其邻近海区12个航次的
    水文观测资料,并辅以卫星遥感等其它资料,运用多源观测资料融合和
    动力计算等方法,对南海南部环流的结构及其季节变化进行系统的分
    析,给出了东北季风和西南季风稳定期上层(0—500m)和下层
    (500—1000m)环流的基本分布特征以及季风转变期环流的演变过程。
    揭示南海南部环流终年呈多涡结构特征,指出风应力涡度驱动和地形影
    响是南海南部上层环流的主要机制;首次提出了冬季南海南部逆风流和
    夏季海区西北部向东离岸流,并分别探讨其动力机制;首次对该海区开
    展海洋锋研究,指出夏季北部和冬季西南陆架坡折区具有两种不同类型
    的海洋锋;首次提出了春夏季季风转换期研究海区存在着盐度逆转的异
    常表层水,指出苏禄海高温高盐水的西向入侵、海面强的蒸发和表层海
    水弱的垂向混合是其主要的形成机制。
In situ hydrographic data of 12 oceanographic cruises of the southern
     South China Sea (SSCS) since 1 980s, together with satellite remote sensing
     data, have been collected and processed. With these multi-source data sets
     and by using the dynamic calculation method, the structure and variation of
     the SSCS circulation are systematically analyzed. The basic distributing
     features of the upper (O-500m) and lower (500-l000m) circulation in the
     stable periods of the NE and SW monsoons and the evolution processes of
     the circulation during the monsoon transitions are studied. The features of
     the year-round multi-eddy structures are revealed and the forcing of wind
     stress curl and topographic effect are suggested to be the major mechanisms
     of the SSCS upper circulation. For the first time, the northward counter-wind
     current crossing the southern continental slope in winter and the eastward
     off-shore current at the northwest part of the SSCS in summer are proposed
     and their dynamic mechanism are discussed. The fronts in the SSCS are
     studied, showing that there exist two type of oceanic fronts梥ummer front
     at the north-part and winter front over southwest continental shelf-break.
     Salinity-reversing anomaly water was found for the first time at surface layer
     in the period of spring-to-summer transition. Several factors, such as the
     westward intrusion of the Sulu Sea high temperature and salinity water, the
     strong sea surface evaporation as well as the weak vertical mixing, are the
     major formation mechanism.
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    图目录
    图1.1-1 南海南部海区的地理位置与地形分布
    图2.2-1 南海南部海区海洋调查主要航次的观测站位图 a)1989年12月 b)1990年5-6月 c)1993年12月 d)1994年9月 e)1997年11月 f)1999年7月
    图3.1-1 SOC 南海海面风应力场的 13 年月平均变化
    图3.2-1 季风稳定期现场观测的海面风矢量分布 a)1993年12月冬季航次 b)1994年9月夏季航次
    图4.1-1 西南季风稳定期上层重力势(×10m~2S~(-2))水平分布(1994年9月) a)0m b)200m
    图4.1-2 西南季风期稳定期0m层的温度水平分布(1994年9月)

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