吸附捕获二氧化碳热质传递的特性研究
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摘要
随着全球经济的迅猛发展,人们对化石燃料的需求量迅速增加,导致二氧化碳(CO_2)的排放量逐年递增,温室效应问题越来越得到人们的重视。温室效应是由以CO_2为代表的温室气体的大量排放造成的,化石燃料燃烧产生的CO_2占人类活动引起的CO_2排放量的80%,其中烟气CO_2排放量占30%左右,因此烟气脱除CO_2是削减温室效应的关键。
我国在烟气中CO_2的吸附捕获方面的研究还处于起步阶段。在此基础上,本文提出了一种加压吸附,通低压电脱附捕获CO_2的方法。通过分析各种吸附材料的性能,提出采用活性炭纤维做吸附剂吸附捕获烟气中CO_2。实验测定了活性炭纤维的导电性,在通电条件下,实验测定了活性炭纤维对CO_2的脱附量和脱附过程中脱附罐上的温度场,并分析了其热稳定性。通过对实验数据的分析,得到了CO_2/N_2混合吸附的等温线方程。在此基础上,建立了吸附捕获烟气中CO_2的模拟系统。
本文依据流体力学、热力学、传热学的理论,分别建立吸附过程和脱附过程的热质传递模型,并利用有限容积法对方程进行了离散,同时运用SIMPLE算法对该模型进行了求解。并运用MATLAB编程计算,得到不同加压时间下的吸附性能和温度场和不同的通电电压下的脱附性能和温度场。本文针对所建立的吸附捕获烟气中CO_2模拟系统,分析影响系统吸、脱附性能的各种因素;分析导热系数、入口流量、通电电压和时间等参数对吸脱附性能的影响,并计算了相应的温度场和吸脱附量;为加压吸附、通低压电脱附捕获CO_2设备的研制提供参考。
With the rapid development of the global economy, the demand of fossil fuel has rapidly increased. Therefore, the quantity of carbon dioxide emissions is incrementing year by year. More and more people have regarded the global change. Greenhouse effect cased by emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. The amount of carbon dioxide emission from fossil fuels accounts for 80 percent of all the emission caused by human activity, and the amount of carbon dioxide from power plants is 30 percent. So the removal of carbon dioxide from flue gas of power plants is the sticking point on greenhouse effect mitigation.
The study on adsorbing and capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas in China is still in its infancy stage. On this basis, the method of capturing carbon dioxide by pressure swing adsorption and power swing desorption is presented in this paper. Activated carbon fiber as adsorbent for capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas is presented through analysing the performance of several adsorption materials. Electrical conductivity of activated carbon fiber was measured. Under the power-on condition, the quantity of activated carbon fiber desorbing carbon dioxide and the temperature distribution of desorption tank is measured during the experiment, and analyzed the thermal stability of it. Through the analysis of experimental data, adsorption isotherm equation of carbon dioxide and nitrogen was derived. On this based, it was established that the system of separating carbon dioxide from flue gas.
According to the theory of fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and heat transfer, it is established that the dynamic model of tower during adsorption process and desorption process. These governing equations are discrete using finite volume method and solved using the algorithms of SIMPLE. The program is designed using MATLAB in order to get adsorption properties and temperature field in diffierent pressure boost times and desorption properties and temperature field of carbon dioxide in different power voltages.
According to the simulation system of adsorbing and capturing carbon dioxide from flue gas, factors of influencing adsorption and desorption properties of carbon dioxide. The influence factors of thermal conductivity, flue gas flow of inlet, power-ontime and volt are analysised, and calculate the temperature filed and adsorption capacity and desorption capacity. It provide a reference for researching equipment of capturing carbon dioxide by pressure swing adsorption and power swing desorption.
我国在烟气中CO_2的吸附捕获方面的研究还处于起步阶段。在此基础上,本文提出了一种加压吸附,通低压电脱附捕获CO_2的方法。通过分析各种吸附材料的性能,提出采用活性炭纤维做吸附剂吸附捕获烟气中CO_2。实验测定了活性炭纤维的导电性,在通电条件下,实验测定了活性炭纤维对CO_2的脱附量和脱附过程中脱附罐上的温度场,并分析了其热稳定性。通过对实验数据的分析,得到了CO_2/N_2混合吸附的等温线方程。在此基础上,建立了吸附捕获烟气中CO_2的模拟系统。
本文依据流体力学、热力学、传热学的理论,分别建立吸附过程和脱附过程的热质传递模型,并利用有限容积法对方程进行了离散,同时运用SIMPLE算法对该模型进行了求解。并运用MATLAB编程计算,得到不同加压时间下的吸附性能和温度场和不同的通电电压下的脱附性能和温度场。本文针对所建立的吸附捕获烟气中CO_2模拟系统,分析影响系统吸、脱附性能的各种因素;分析导热系数、入口流量、通电电压和时间等参数对吸脱附性能的影响,并计算了相应的温度场和吸脱附量;为加压吸附、通低压电脱附捕获CO_2设备的研制提供参考。
With the rapid development of the global economy, the demand of fossil fuel has rapidly increased. Therefore, the quantity of carbon dioxide emissions is incrementing year by year. More and more people have regarded the global change. Greenhouse effect cased by emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. The amount of carbon dioxide emission from fossil fuels accounts for 80 percent of all the emission caused by human activity, and the amount of carbon dioxide from power plants is 30 percent. So the removal of carbon dioxide from flue gas of power plants is the sticking point on greenhouse effect mitigation.
The study on adsorbing and capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas in China is still in its infancy stage. On this basis, the method of capturing carbon dioxide by pressure swing adsorption and power swing desorption is presented in this paper. Activated carbon fiber as adsorbent for capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas is presented through analysing the performance of several adsorption materials. Electrical conductivity of activated carbon fiber was measured. Under the power-on condition, the quantity of activated carbon fiber desorbing carbon dioxide and the temperature distribution of desorption tank is measured during the experiment, and analyzed the thermal stability of it. Through the analysis of experimental data, adsorption isotherm equation of carbon dioxide and nitrogen was derived. On this based, it was established that the system of separating carbon dioxide from flue gas.
According to the theory of fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and heat transfer, it is established that the dynamic model of tower during adsorption process and desorption process. These governing equations are discrete using finite volume method and solved using the algorithms of SIMPLE. The program is designed using MATLAB in order to get adsorption properties and temperature field in diffierent pressure boost times and desorption properties and temperature field of carbon dioxide in different power voltages.
According to the simulation system of adsorbing and capturing carbon dioxide from flue gas, factors of influencing adsorption and desorption properties of carbon dioxide. The influence factors of thermal conductivity, flue gas flow of inlet, power-ontime and volt are analysised, and calculate the temperature filed and adsorption capacity and desorption capacity. It provide a reference for researching equipment of capturing carbon dioxide by pressure swing adsorption and power swing desorption.
引文
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2王协琴.温室效应和温室气体减排分析.天然气技术,2008,2(6):53~58
3 IPCC. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. http: /www. ipcc. ch/SPM 2feb07_new. pdf
4裴克毅,孙绍增,黄丽坤.全球变暖与二氧化碳减排.节能技术,2005,23(3): 239~243
5吴昊.应对二氧化碳浓度上升问题的研究:二氧化碳的捕获、储存与利用.中国安全科学学报.2008,18(8):5~11
6曲建升,曾静静.二氧化碳捕获与封存:技术、实践与法律.世界科技研究与发展,2007,29(6):78~83
7孙欣.燃煤电厂二氧化碳捕集与储存技术.中国煤炭,2008,34(4):96~99
8 KUUSKRAA. Review and evaluation of the CO2 capture project by the technology advisory board[M]//Carbon dioxide capture for storage in deep geologic formations~result from the CO2 capture project I. ELSEVIER, UK, 2005: 37~46
9 IPCC. Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2005: 105~178
10 D. Shekhawat, D. R. Luebke, H. W. Pennline. A Review of Carbon Dioxide Selective Membranes. USA: DOE/NETL, 2003: 1~93
11李天成,冯霞,李鑫.二氧化碳处理技术现状及其发展趋势.化学工业与工程,2002,19(2):191~196,215
12夏明珠,严莲荷,雷武,王风云,朱彬,赵小蕾.二氧化碳的分离回收技术与综合利用.现代化工,1999,15(5):46~48
13 C. M. White, B. R. Strazisar, E. J. Granite, et al. Separation and Capture of CO2 from Large Stationary Sources and Sequestration in Geological Formations-oalbeds and Deep Saline Aquifers. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association . 2003, 53(6): 645~715
14曾宪忠,陈昌和,高保成.烟气脱碳技术进展.化工环保. 2000,20(6):12~17
15王志峰. NHD脱碳工艺的先进性及应用前景.现代化工. 1999,19(4):24~26
16王兰云,蒋曙光,吴征艳,邵昊,秦俊辉. CO2对低温煤物理吸附氧过程的实验研究.矿业快报,2008,466(2);29~31
17 Merel, J., Clausse, M., Meunier, F. Carbon dioxide capture by indirect thermal swing adsorption using 13X zeolite . Environ. Prog. 2006, 25:327~333
18徐冬;张军;翟玉春;刘丽影;李刚.变压吸附分离工业废气中二氧化碳的研究进展.化工进展,2010,1:150~162
19陈飞,刘晓勤.活性炭变压吸附脱除二氧化碳的性能研究.天然气化工2007,32(6):37~41
20 B.M. Fabuss, W.H. Dubois. Carbon adsorption-electro-desorption process, in: Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol.70-8,St. Louis, Missouri, June 14~18,1970,p.18
21 Chaffee, A.L., Knowles, G.P., Liang, Z., Zhang, J., Xiao, P, Webley, P.A. CO2 capture by adsorption: material and process development. Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Control,2007, 1:11~18
22 B.M. Fabuss, W.H. Dubois. Carbon adsorption-electro-desorption process, in: Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Vol.70-8,St. Louis, Missouri, June 14~18,1970,p.18
23 Lordgooei, M., Carmichael, K., Kelly, T. Activated carbon cloth adsorption-cryogenic system to recover toxic volatile organic compounds, Gas Separation and Purification, 1996,10(2):123~130
24 Saysset, S., Grevillot, G., Lamine, A.S. Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds on Carbonaceous Adsorbent and Desorption by Direct Joule Effect. Recent Progress in Genie des Precedes, No. 68. Proceedings of the 2nd European Congress of Chemical Engineering, Montpellier, France, 1999, pp. 389~396
25 Subrenat, A., Baleo, J., Cloirec, P. Electrical behavior of activated carbon cloth heated by the joule effect: desorption application, Carbon, 2001,39:707~716
26 Yu, F.D., Luo, L., Grevillot, G. Electrothermal swing adsorption of toluene on an activated carbon monolith. Experiments and parametric theoretical study. Chem. Eng. Process. 2007,46:70~81
27李海龙,李立清,等.变压吸附处理丙酮废气及其吸附过程数值模拟.天然气化工,2007,32(3):11~15
28 Bachu S, Stewart S. Geological storage of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: suitability analysis. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2002, 41(2):32~40
29江怀友,沈平平,王乃举,李治平,齐仁理,于淑荣.世界二氧化碳减排政策与储层地质埋存展望.中外能源.2007,12(5):7~13
30 Espie A A. Obstacles to the storage of CO2 through EOR operations in the North Sea. Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, 2003,20(9): 68~70
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