安徽保险业产业组织分析
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摘要
我国保险业自20世纪80年代恢复经营以来,整体实力已经迈上了新的台阶,已经成为了全球最重要的新兴保险大国。安徽省,作为我国中部的一个人口大省,其保险业的发展情况可以说是全国保险业的一个缩影。近年来安徽省保险业一直保持着较快的增长速度,无论是市场主体数、保费规模,取得了突飞猛进的发展。2010年底,安徽省已有省级保险机构39家,全年保费收入400.4亿元,保险业已成为安徽经济发展最快的重要行业之一。但是,快速发展的同时,我们也应该看到不足。安徽省保险业整体实力在全国范围来看,仅处于中游水平,与发达省市相比差距仍然很大。因此,对安徽保险业现状进行系统地分析、研究,有利于保险监督部门和保险公司有针对性地采取提升竞争力的措施,对安徽省整体经济实力而言,都有较强的实践意义。
本文运用了产业组织理论,运用现代产业组织理论作为研究的主要理论工具,采用理论分析与实证分析相结合的研究方法,在SCP理论框架下较为系统地分析安徽保险市场的主要特征,得到以下结论：
1、安徽保险业市场目前属于寡头垄断市场结构,但是人保、国寿等大型的保险公司市场占有率有逐年下降的趋势,安徽省保险市场整体的市场集中度也在逐年下降,笔者认为,垄断竞争的市场结构将会是安徽省保险市场未来目标市场结构。当前,安徽保险业市场行政性进入壁垒较高,退出壁垒较不完善,保险产品差异化程度较低,这些都是导致安徽省保险市场集中度较高的原因。
2、保险业市场出现不正当的价格行为,保险产品同质化现象严重,都是说明各自的保险产品竞争力欠缺,而究其深层次原因来看,又是源于寡头垄断的市场结构,导致中小企业不能合理公平的参与市场竞争中,可以说,市场结构对安徽省的保险业市场主体的市场行为产生了深刻的影响。与此同时,不正当的市场行为又会反身影响到市场结构的发展。
3、安徽保险市场虽然发展较快,但是在全国范围内看,还是属于较低的水平。通过实证分析发现,要改善安徽省的保险市场的绩效水平,除了要大力发展安徽省的经济水平为依托外,还有改善安徽省的市场结构水平。
基于对安徽保险业现状的分析,本文提出了安徽保险业发展的政策建议。优化市场结构方面,应当适当的增加市场主体,鼓励中小企业进入保险市场发展,鼓励银行、证券等金融机构与保险业的合作,以此促进保险市场的有效竞争,同时完善市场的退出机制；规范企业行为方面,应当建立产品、服务创新激励机制,进一步完善市场化定价机制,将保险产品费率逐渐放开；提高市场绩效方面,建立合理的科学的考核体系,激励基层保险机构经营者重视保险经营的质量,另外还需要建立稳健的保险监管体系,进一步发挥保险监管部门、保险业协会以及保险业学会相互之间的联动作用。
Since the restoration of the Chinese insurance in the1980s, the overall strength has been scaled to a new level. China become the world's most important emerging leading powers in innsurance. Anhui Province, as a populous province in central of China, the insurance industry can be said to be a microcosm of the national insurance industry. The insurance industry of Anhui Province in recent years has maintained a rapid growth rate, regardless of the number of market players, premium size, has made rapid development.The end of2010, there are39provincial insurance agencys in Anhui Province.and the premium income reached40.04billion yuan.insurance industry has become the fastest one of the important industries of Anhui economic development.
However, the rapid development, we should see the shorts. The overall strength of the insurance industry of Anhui Province in the Nationwide, only at the middle level, compared with the more developed provinces and the gap is still great.Therefore, we need make a systematic analysis of the Anhui insurance industry status,it is useful to insurance supervision departments and insurance companies to take measures to enhance competitiveness,and also it has a strong pranctical significance to overall economic strength of Anhui Province.
This paper based on the theory of industrial organization, using the modern theory of industrial organization as the main theoretical tool, using a combination of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, makes systematic analysis of the main features of the Anhui insurance market in the framework of the SCP analysis paradigm, and thus draws the following conclusions
1, Anhui insurance market is an oligopoly market structure, but with the market share of the PICC, China Life, and other large insurance companies declining, the market concentration of Anhui Province's insurance market is also declining by years.I believe, monopolistic competition market structure will be the market structure of the future goals of the insurance market in Anhui Province. At present, the insurance market in Anhui administrative higher barriers to entry and exit barriers than imperfect, insurance lower degree of product differentiation, have all contributed to the insurance market concentration in Anhui Province reasons for the higher.
2. In the insurance market of Anhui Province, non-stoped out-of-order and malignant competition as well as insurance product homogeneity serious,the reason of all these problems is the lack of insurance product competitiveness. The study of its deep-seated reasons, but also stems from the oligopoly market structure, leading to small and medium enterprises can not be reasonable and fair competition in the market, it can be said that the market structure has had a profound impact on the main market behavior in the insurance market in Anhui Province. At the same time, improper market behavior will reflexivity affect the development of market structures.
3. Anhui insurance market has been keeping a forceful increasing tendency these years, but across the country, it just belong to a lower level. The study indicates that, to improve the level of performance of the insurance market in Anhui Province,we need to vigorously develop the economic level in Anhui Province, as well as to improve the level of the market structure of Anhui Province insurance industry.
Based on the analysis of the status of the insurance industry of Anhui province,this paper puts forward industrial organization policy proposals,contributable to the development of Anhui insurance industry.First of all,optimize the market structure.It is necessary to encourage SMEs to enter the insurance market, and to encourage the cooperation of the banking, securities and other financial institutions and the insurance industry,in order to promote effective competition in the insurance market, while improving the market exit mechanism; Secondly,market behavior standardized.Product and service innovation should be established,the market-oriented pricing mechanism should be improved, and the the insurance product rates should be gradual market-oriented;Thirdly,improving the insurance market performance.Establishing a rational scientific evaluation system to encourage primary insurance institutions operators to pay more attention on the quality of the insurance business.In addition,it need to establish the soundness of the insurance regulatory system, and to improve the relation among insurance regulators, insurance industry associations,and the Insurance Institute.
本文运用了产业组织理论,运用现代产业组织理论作为研究的主要理论工具,采用理论分析与实证分析相结合的研究方法,在SCP理论框架下较为系统地分析安徽保险市场的主要特征,得到以下结论：
1、安徽保险业市场目前属于寡头垄断市场结构,但是人保、国寿等大型的保险公司市场占有率有逐年下降的趋势,安徽省保险市场整体的市场集中度也在逐年下降,笔者认为,垄断竞争的市场结构将会是安徽省保险市场未来目标市场结构。当前,安徽保险业市场行政性进入壁垒较高,退出壁垒较不完善,保险产品差异化程度较低,这些都是导致安徽省保险市场集中度较高的原因。
2、保险业市场出现不正当的价格行为,保险产品同质化现象严重,都是说明各自的保险产品竞争力欠缺,而究其深层次原因来看,又是源于寡头垄断的市场结构,导致中小企业不能合理公平的参与市场竞争中,可以说,市场结构对安徽省的保险业市场主体的市场行为产生了深刻的影响。与此同时,不正当的市场行为又会反身影响到市场结构的发展。
3、安徽保险市场虽然发展较快,但是在全国范围内看,还是属于较低的水平。通过实证分析发现,要改善安徽省的保险市场的绩效水平,除了要大力发展安徽省的经济水平为依托外,还有改善安徽省的市场结构水平。
基于对安徽保险业现状的分析,本文提出了安徽保险业发展的政策建议。优化市场结构方面,应当适当的增加市场主体,鼓励中小企业进入保险市场发展,鼓励银行、证券等金融机构与保险业的合作,以此促进保险市场的有效竞争,同时完善市场的退出机制；规范企业行为方面,应当建立产品、服务创新激励机制,进一步完善市场化定价机制,将保险产品费率逐渐放开；提高市场绩效方面,建立合理的科学的考核体系,激励基层保险机构经营者重视保险经营的质量,另外还需要建立稳健的保险监管体系,进一步发挥保险监管部门、保险业协会以及保险业学会相互之间的联动作用。
Since the restoration of the Chinese insurance in the1980s, the overall strength has been scaled to a new level. China become the world's most important emerging leading powers in innsurance. Anhui Province, as a populous province in central of China, the insurance industry can be said to be a microcosm of the national insurance industry. The insurance industry of Anhui Province in recent years has maintained a rapid growth rate, regardless of the number of market players, premium size, has made rapid development.The end of2010, there are39provincial insurance agencys in Anhui Province.and the premium income reached40.04billion yuan.insurance industry has become the fastest one of the important industries of Anhui economic development.
However, the rapid development, we should see the shorts. The overall strength of the insurance industry of Anhui Province in the Nationwide, only at the middle level, compared with the more developed provinces and the gap is still great.Therefore, we need make a systematic analysis of the Anhui insurance industry status,it is useful to insurance supervision departments and insurance companies to take measures to enhance competitiveness,and also it has a strong pranctical significance to overall economic strength of Anhui Province.
This paper based on the theory of industrial organization, using the modern theory of industrial organization as the main theoretical tool, using a combination of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, makes systematic analysis of the main features of the Anhui insurance market in the framework of the SCP analysis paradigm, and thus draws the following conclusions
1, Anhui insurance market is an oligopoly market structure, but with the market share of the PICC, China Life, and other large insurance companies declining, the market concentration of Anhui Province's insurance market is also declining by years.I believe, monopolistic competition market structure will be the market structure of the future goals of the insurance market in Anhui Province. At present, the insurance market in Anhui administrative higher barriers to entry and exit barriers than imperfect, insurance lower degree of product differentiation, have all contributed to the insurance market concentration in Anhui Province reasons for the higher.
2. In the insurance market of Anhui Province, non-stoped out-of-order and malignant competition as well as insurance product homogeneity serious,the reason of all these problems is the lack of insurance product competitiveness. The study of its deep-seated reasons, but also stems from the oligopoly market structure, leading to small and medium enterprises can not be reasonable and fair competition in the market, it can be said that the market structure has had a profound impact on the main market behavior in the insurance market in Anhui Province. At the same time, improper market behavior will reflexivity affect the development of market structures.
3. Anhui insurance market has been keeping a forceful increasing tendency these years, but across the country, it just belong to a lower level. The study indicates that, to improve the level of performance of the insurance market in Anhui Province,we need to vigorously develop the economic level in Anhui Province, as well as to improve the level of the market structure of Anhui Province insurance industry.
Based on the analysis of the status of the insurance industry of Anhui province,this paper puts forward industrial organization policy proposals,contributable to the development of Anhui insurance industry.First of all,optimize the market structure.It is necessary to encourage SMEs to enter the insurance market, and to encourage the cooperation of the banking, securities and other financial institutions and the insurance industry,in order to promote effective competition in the insurance market, while improving the market exit mechanism; Secondly,market behavior standardized.Product and service innovation should be established,the market-oriented pricing mechanism should be improved, and the the insurance product rates should be gradual market-oriented;Thirdly,improving the insurance market performance.Establishing a rational scientific evaluation system to encourage primary insurance institutions operators to pay more attention on the quality of the insurance business.In addition,it need to establish the soundness of the insurance regulatory system, and to improve the relation among insurance regulators, insurance industry associations,and the Insurance Institute.
引文
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[2]安徽保险业十二五发展纲要
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[2]安徽保险业十二五发展纲要
[3]刘平.我国省(自治区、直辖市)保险业综合竞争力及影响因素的比较研究[J].湖南财经高等专科学校学报,2008,25(3)：40-50.
[4]苏东水.产业经济学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006：64,285.
[5]周延.中国保险市场结构、行为与绩效研究[D].山东：山东大学,2007.
[6]贾士彬.中国保险业市场结构与市场绩效关系研究[D].天津：南开大学,2008
[7]钟凡.基于SCP方法的中国寿险产业研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2009.
[8]Andrew M. Yuengert. The measurement of efficiency in life insurance:Estimates of a mixed normal-gamma error model [J]. Banking & Finance,1993,17(2-3):483-496.
[9]Dan Segal. A Multi-Product Cost Study of the U.S. life Insurance Industry [J]. Review of Quantitatie Finance and Accounting,2003(3):169-186.
[10]Paul Fenn. Dev Vencappa, Stephen Diacon, Paul Klumpes, Chris O'Brien. Market structure and the efficiency of European insurance companies:A stochastic analysis [J]. Banking & Finance, Volume32,issuel,January2008, Pages 86-100
[11]James C.J Hao, Lin-Yhi Chou. the estimation of effciency for life insurance industry:the case in taiwan [J]. Asian Economics,2005,16(5):847-860.
[12]胡炳志,王兵.我国保险公司的最佳经济规模分析[J].保险研究,2000(10)：37-41.
[13]林江.论我国保险市场的发展目标模式[J].保险研究,2005(9)：15-17.
[14]黄薇.论中国保险市场结构的调整[J].海南金融,2005(8)：22-25.
[15]杨有成.中国财产保险市场结构实证分析[J].开放导报,2010(4)：70-74.
[16]张艳辉.我国保险业的产业组织分析[J].上海综合经济,2002(6)：31-35.
[17]刘江峰、王虹.我国保险产业市场结构与绩效的关联性分析[J].软科学,2005,19(5)：14-16.
[18]曹乾.保险业结构、效率与绩效间的关系——理论假说与实证研究[J].金融教学与研究,2006(5)：64-68.
[19]威廉·G·谢泼德,乔安娜·M·谢泼德.产业组织经济学[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002：10.
[20]来海燕.我国保险市场结构的经济学分析[J].保险探索,2009(10)：32-34.
[21]唐E.沃德曼,伊丽莎白J.詹森.产业组织理论与实践[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009：68,77.
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