植物生理信息计算机视觉检测系统研究
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摘要
植物生理参数如植物茎秆直径,叶片面积,叶片倾角,叶片尖端位置的连续监测对于研究植物的生理生态学具有重要的意义。现有的生理生态测量仪器大多还基于机械和物理传感器。许多学者进行了基于视觉的植物生长的形态学研究,但大多自行搭建试验环境,而没有专门的仪器。如果在生理参数测量方面方面引入视觉测量技术,将可以实现以前一些无法量化的生理量的测量(如叶片面积生长过程的连续监控,叶片尖端运动的跟踪)。视觉测量技术在植物生理生态学尤其是植物外形参数的测量中有着传统方法无可比拟的优势。
本文的工作主要分为三部分:
1、在植物茎秆直径测量方面:尝试了嵌入式智能相机在植物生理参数测量中的应用,基于Vision Components公司的VC-4472智能相机开发了植物茎秆直径测量系统,设计实现了图像测量系统的硬件(包括光学,机械部分),在嵌入式实时操作系统VCRT5.0上开发了针对茎秆直径测量的嵌入式图像测量软件实现了图像获取,茎秆直径测量,数据定时记录与存储,网络通信等功能。并在温室环境中进行了试验,获取了有效的茎秆直径数据。
2、在叶片面积测量方面:研究了在单摄像机条件下的植物单个平面叶片面积测量方法。提出差分光源实现了自然光照条件下的叶片前景提取,提出用叶片的纹理信息来计算叶片的姿态,解决了单摄像机条件下叶片姿态位置测量的问题。
3、在叶片倾角与叶片尖端位置测量方面:将camshift (Continuously Adaptive Mean-Shift)算法和harris角点算法应用于叶片倾角与叶片尖端位置的测量,利用PC机和USB摄像头组建了图像测量系统,使用VC++6.0和Opencv开发了基于计算机的植物叶片倾角跟踪与叶片尖端位置跟踪软件系统,实现了自动测量,跟踪,数据记录等功能。
Plant physiological parameters such as stem diameter, area of leaf, leaf angle, position of the tip of leaf are of great importance to the research on plant physiology. The prevailing instrument of such parameters is based on the mechanical or physical sensor. Some researchers use the camera as a tool for such research, but without the specified instrument. The Computer Vision approach in this area will enable us to measure and quantize the information we haven’t measure before such as the continually measurement of area of plant leaf or the position of the leaf. Computer Vision in such area has its advantage.
The content of this thesis is as following:
1 Measuring of the Stem Diameter: We use the embedded Smart Camera model VC4472 as the main component to build a Plant stem diameter measuring system.(including the optics mechanical) Developed the software system on the real-time operating system VC/RT 5.0 which has the function of image acquisition, measurement algorithm, data storage, network communication. This device is tested in a real Green House environment and acquired experimental data to verify the validity of the measurement system.
2 Measuring the area of plant leaf: We use single camera to measure the leaf of planar type. Use the differential method to extract the leaf from its background. This method can regulate the influence of the nature light change. We use the texture information to locate the leaf in the coordinate of the camera which is a key problem in the single camera system to measuring plant leaf.
3 Measuring the leaf angle and tip position. We use Camshift (Continuously Adaptive Mean-Shift) and Harris algorithm to this system. The hardware system is based on the PC and USB camera. We use VC++6.0 and OpenCV to build the software system for measuring such parameters. This software system can achieve the functions of image acquisition, automatic recording, data storage, etc.
本文的工作主要分为三部分:
1、在植物茎秆直径测量方面:尝试了嵌入式智能相机在植物生理参数测量中的应用,基于Vision Components公司的VC-4472智能相机开发了植物茎秆直径测量系统,设计实现了图像测量系统的硬件(包括光学,机械部分),在嵌入式实时操作系统VCRT5.0上开发了针对茎秆直径测量的嵌入式图像测量软件实现了图像获取,茎秆直径测量,数据定时记录与存储,网络通信等功能。并在温室环境中进行了试验,获取了有效的茎秆直径数据。
2、在叶片面积测量方面:研究了在单摄像机条件下的植物单个平面叶片面积测量方法。提出差分光源实现了自然光照条件下的叶片前景提取,提出用叶片的纹理信息来计算叶片的姿态,解决了单摄像机条件下叶片姿态位置测量的问题。
3、在叶片倾角与叶片尖端位置测量方面:将camshift (Continuously Adaptive Mean-Shift)算法和harris角点算法应用于叶片倾角与叶片尖端位置的测量,利用PC机和USB摄像头组建了图像测量系统,使用VC++6.0和Opencv开发了基于计算机的植物叶片倾角跟踪与叶片尖端位置跟踪软件系统,实现了自动测量,跟踪,数据记录等功能。
Plant physiological parameters such as stem diameter, area of leaf, leaf angle, position of the tip of leaf are of great importance to the research on plant physiology. The prevailing instrument of such parameters is based on the mechanical or physical sensor. Some researchers use the camera as a tool for such research, but without the specified instrument. The Computer Vision approach in this area will enable us to measure and quantize the information we haven’t measure before such as the continually measurement of area of plant leaf or the position of the leaf. Computer Vision in such area has its advantage.
The content of this thesis is as following:
1 Measuring of the Stem Diameter: We use the embedded Smart Camera model VC4472 as the main component to build a Plant stem diameter measuring system.(including the optics mechanical) Developed the software system on the real-time operating system VC/RT 5.0 which has the function of image acquisition, measurement algorithm, data storage, network communication. This device is tested in a real Green House environment and acquired experimental data to verify the validity of the measurement system.
2 Measuring the area of plant leaf: We use single camera to measure the leaf of planar type. Use the differential method to extract the leaf from its background. This method can regulate the influence of the nature light change. We use the texture information to locate the leaf in the coordinate of the camera which is a key problem in the single camera system to measuring plant leaf.
3 Measuring the leaf angle and tip position. We use Camshift (Continuously Adaptive Mean-Shift) and Harris algorithm to this system. The hardware system is based on the PC and USB camera. We use VC++6.0 and OpenCV to build the software system for measuring such parameters. This software system can achieve the functions of image acquisition, automatic recording, data storage, etc.
引文
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[4] Klepper B, Browning VD, Taylor HM. Stem diameter in relation to plant water status [J]. PlantPhysiology,1971(48):683-685.
[5] Mcburney T, Costigan PA. The relationship between stem diameter and water potentials in stems of young cabbage plants [J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,1984(35)1787-1793.
[6]张云鹤,乔晓军,王成,张馨,田宏武基于虚拟仪器技术的作物叶片面积测量仪的开发.农业工程学报. 200.12(21):200-203
[7]陈鼎才,王定成,查金水.基于机器视觉的现实叶片面积测量方法的研究.计算机应用. 2006.5(26) :1126-1128
[8]史德林卢章平鲁金忠.基于模型的植物叶片适时三维重建方法研究.农机化研究. 2006.8(8):123-127
[9] Wu Congling, Teng Guanghui,Li Changying. Application and validation of computer vision based nondestructive measurement system for cucumber seedling growth conditions[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2005(18):109-112
[10] Ming Sun, Jibo Si, Dong An, Yaoguang Wei, Plant Growth Modeling and Applications. PMA 06 Second International Symposium 2006.11(3):255-258
[11] Miller, Nathan D, Parks, Brian M. Computer-vision analysis of seedling responses to light and gravity. Plant Journal. 2007.10(52):374-381.
[12]王成,植物生理信息采集处理系统研究,新疆大学学报, 2003.08(20)vol3:130-133
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[16] Phy Tech catalog 2005 http://www.phytech.com/catalog/catalog_main.html
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[19]李长缨,滕光辉,赵春江,乔晓军,武聪玲,利用计算机视觉技术实现对温室植物生长的无损监测,农业工程学报,2003.5.l19(3):140-143
[20]Kristian Kirk. Computer vision for global analysis of crop canopy structure. master graduate thesis. Aalborg University 2006.4
[21]Shinji Mizuno, Keiichi Noda Detection of Wilt by Analyzing Color and Stereo Vision Data of Plant the Third International Conference on Computer Vision/Computer Graphics collaborationtechniques involving image analysis/synthesis approaches MIRAGE 2007vol2:400-408
[22] M. Nielsen, H. J. Andersen, D. C. Slaughter and E. Granum. Ground truth evaluation of computer vision based 3D reconstruction of synthesized and real plant images, Precision Agriculture 2007.4 vol8:46-62
[23]王传宇,赵明.基于双目立体视觉技术的玉米叶片三维重建农业工程学报2010.4(26):198-204
[24]H. Shimizu, M. Yamazaki. Non-contact Growth Analysis Using Computer Vision System. International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems 1992 vol319:641-646
[25]Kacira, M. Ling, PP Short, TH. Machine vision extracted plant movement for early detection of plant water stress. Transactions of the ASAE 2002.45(4):1157-1153
[26]Seginer, I. Elster, RT Goodrum, JW Rieger, MW. Plant wilt detection by computer-vision tracking of leaf tips. Transactions of the ASAE 1992.35.5:1563-1567
[27]张守仁,樊大勇,Reto J. Strasser植物生理生态学研究中的控制试验和测定仪器新进展.社务生态学报2007.31(5)982-987
[28]国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心宣传材料国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心www.nercita.org.cn 2009
[29]朱登胜,沈杰辉,鲍一丹,何勇植物生理水分电特性敏感测试频段研究农机化研究2008.09 122-124
[30]马彦平,白由路,高祥照.计算机视觉技术在农业生产中的应用与展望中国农业资源与区划2009.4
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[32] Hardware setup and Communication VC20XX, VC40XX and VCSBC40XX Smart Cameras. Vision Components, GmbH Ettlingen, Germany. 2007.3
[33] David A Forsyth, Jean Ponce. Computer Vision a Modern Approach. Prentice Hall. 65-70
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[36] MV-VS系列工业CCD数字相机说明书陕西维视觉数字图像技术有限公司, 2009陕西
[37] Che, J. Zhao,C. Zhang, Y.PLANT STEM DIAMETER MEASURING DEVICE BASED ON COMPUTER VISION AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM, the Third International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture (CCTA2009),
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[39]郑居里,应启横.信号与系统.北京:高等教育出版社,2003,363-364
[40]刘循,游志胜.多尺度形态学图像边缘检测方法.光电工程. 2003.3:56-58
[41]段瑞玲,李庆祥,李玉和图像边缘检测方法研究综述.光学技术. 2005.3(31):415-419
[42] Induction to Vision-components. Vision Components, GmbH Ettlingen, Germany. 2007.3
[43] Hardware setup and Communication VC20XX, VC40XX and VCSBC40XX Smart Cameras. Vision Components, GmbH Ettlingen, Germany. 2007.3
[44] Inturduction to Ti Code Compose Studio 3.3 Texas Instruments
[45] TMS320C6474 Hardware Design Guide Focus.Ti.com 2009.11
[46] VCRT 5.0 Software Manual Operation System Functions Vision Components, GmbH Ettlingen, Germany. 2007.9
[47] Che, J. Zhao,C. Zhang, Y. Embedded Smart Camera in Measuring Area of Plant Leaves. 2009 International Forum on Computer Science-Technology and Applications Vol3 6-9
[48] Zhengyou Zhang, "Flexible Camera Calibration by Viewing a Plane from Unknown Orientations," iccv, vol. 1, pp.666, Seventh International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'99) - Volume 1, 1999
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[2]周琦,高翔.作物生理学研究进展.北京:科学出版社1996
[3]王成. 2009.基于多传感器融合及数据挖掘的作物水分监测与调控方法研究:[博士].北京:中国农业大学
[4] Klepper B, Browning VD, Taylor HM. Stem diameter in relation to plant water status [J]. PlantPhysiology,1971(48):683-685.
[5] Mcburney T, Costigan PA. The relationship between stem diameter and water potentials in stems of young cabbage plants [J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,1984(35)1787-1793.
[6]张云鹤,乔晓军,王成,张馨,田宏武基于虚拟仪器技术的作物叶片面积测量仪的开发.农业工程学报. 200.12(21):200-203
[7]陈鼎才,王定成,查金水.基于机器视觉的现实叶片面积测量方法的研究.计算机应用. 2006.5(26) :1126-1128
[8]史德林卢章平鲁金忠.基于模型的植物叶片适时三维重建方法研究.农机化研究. 2006.8(8):123-127
[9] Wu Congling, Teng Guanghui,Li Changying. Application and validation of computer vision based nondestructive measurement system for cucumber seedling growth conditions[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2005(18):109-112
[10] Ming Sun, Jibo Si, Dong An, Yaoguang Wei, Plant Growth Modeling and Applications. PMA 06 Second International Symposium 2006.11(3):255-258
[11] Miller, Nathan D, Parks, Brian M. Computer-vision analysis of seedling responses to light and gravity. Plant Journal. 2007.10(52):374-381.
[12]王成,植物生理信息采集处理系统研究,新疆大学学报, 2003.08(20)vol3:130-133
[13] www.phytech.com PTM-48M Phytosynthesis and Transpiration Monitor Phytomonitoring? Sensors and Systems
[14] PM-11 Hardware Guide Daletown Company Ltd.– Bio Instruments S.R.L.– info@daletown-phyto.com
[15] A new simple graphics viewer for PM-11 Phytomonitor and PTM-$*Aphotosynthesis Monitor PM-11 Soft manual
[16] Phy Tech catalog 2005 http://www.phytech.com/catalog/catalog_main.html
[17]何东健,张海亮.农业自动化领域中计算机视觉技术的应用.农业工程学报2002.2(18):171--175
[18]马新国.测定光合蒸腾速率的主从是虚拟仪器系统. 2004.北京中国农业大学
[19]李长缨,滕光辉,赵春江,乔晓军,武聪玲,利用计算机视觉技术实现对温室植物生长的无损监测,农业工程学报,2003.5.l19(3):140-143
[20]Kristian Kirk. Computer vision for global analysis of crop canopy structure. master graduate thesis. Aalborg University 2006.4
[21]Shinji Mizuno, Keiichi Noda Detection of Wilt by Analyzing Color and Stereo Vision Data of Plant the Third International Conference on Computer Vision/Computer Graphics collaborationtechniques involving image analysis/synthesis approaches MIRAGE 2007vol2:400-408
[22] M. Nielsen, H. J. Andersen, D. C. Slaughter and E. Granum. Ground truth evaluation of computer vision based 3D reconstruction of synthesized and real plant images, Precision Agriculture 2007.4 vol8:46-62
[23]王传宇,赵明.基于双目立体视觉技术的玉米叶片三维重建农业工程学报2010.4(26):198-204
[24]H. Shimizu, M. Yamazaki. Non-contact Growth Analysis Using Computer Vision System. International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems 1992 vol319:641-646
[25]Kacira, M. Ling, PP Short, TH. Machine vision extracted plant movement for early detection of plant water stress. Transactions of the ASAE 2002.45(4):1157-1153
[26]Seginer, I. Elster, RT Goodrum, JW Rieger, MW. Plant wilt detection by computer-vision tracking of leaf tips. Transactions of the ASAE 1992.35.5:1563-1567
[27]张守仁,樊大勇,Reto J. Strasser植物生理生态学研究中的控制试验和测定仪器新进展.社务生态学报2007.31(5)982-987
[28]国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心宣传材料国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心www.nercita.org.cn 2009
[29]朱登胜,沈杰辉,鲍一丹,何勇植物生理水分电特性敏感测试频段研究农机化研究2008.09 122-124
[30]马彦平,白由路,高祥照.计算机视觉技术在农业生产中的应用与展望中国农业资源与区划2009.4
[31]高华,周林.计算机视觉及模式识别技术在农业领域的应用2003.34(4)590-593
[32] Hardware setup and Communication VC20XX, VC40XX and VCSBC40XX Smart Cameras. Vision Components, GmbH Ettlingen, Germany. 2007.3
[33] David A Forsyth, Jean Ponce. Computer Vision a Modern Approach. Prentice Hall. 65-70
[34]杨品,左乃军,杨晶.数码摄影技巧大全. 2007背景中国电力出版社。13-19 127-130智能
[35] Hardware setup and Communication VC20XX, VC40XX and VCSBC40XX Smart Cameras. Vision Components, GmbH Ettlingen, Germany. 2007.3
[36] MV-VS系列工业CCD数字相机说明书陕西维视觉数字图像技术有限公司, 2009陕西
[37] Che, J. Zhao,C. Zhang, Y.PLANT STEM DIAMETER MEASURING DEVICE BASED ON COMPUTER VISION AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM, the Third International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture (CCTA2009),
[38]冈萨雷斯.数字图像处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2004,252-256
[39]郑居里,应启横.信号与系统.北京:高等教育出版社,2003,363-364
[40]刘循,游志胜.多尺度形态学图像边缘检测方法.光电工程. 2003.3:56-58
[41]段瑞玲,李庆祥,李玉和图像边缘检测方法研究综述.光学技术. 2005.3(31):415-419
[42] Induction to Vision-components. Vision Components, GmbH Ettlingen, Germany. 2007.3
[43] Hardware setup and Communication VC20XX, VC40XX and VCSBC40XX Smart Cameras. Vision Components, GmbH Ettlingen, Germany. 2007.3
[44] Inturduction to Ti Code Compose Studio 3.3 Texas Instruments
[45] TMS320C6474 Hardware Design Guide Focus.Ti.com 2009.11
[46] VCRT 5.0 Software Manual Operation System Functions Vision Components, GmbH Ettlingen, Germany. 2007.9
[47] Che, J. Zhao,C. Zhang, Y. Embedded Smart Camera in Measuring Area of Plant Leaves. 2009 International Forum on Computer Science-Technology and Applications Vol3 6-9
[48] Zhengyou Zhang, "Flexible Camera Calibration by Viewing a Plane from Unknown Orientations," iccv, vol. 1, pp.666, Seventh International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'99) - Volume 1, 1999
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