调谐液体阻尼器对地震作用下复杂体型高层结构扭转振动的控制
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摘要
无论从理论分析还是从震害现象看，结构在地震作用下的反应，除了发生平移振动外，还可能会发生扭转振动。引起扭转振动的原因，一是地面运动存在转动分量，或地震时地面各点的运动存在着相位差；二是结构本身存在偏心，即结构的质量中心与刚度中心不相重合。震害表明，扭转作用会加重结构的破坏，尤其是对于偏心结构，在某些情况下将成为导致结构破坏的主要因素。因此，偏心结构在地震作用下的扭转耦联振动的控制问题有很重要的实际应用意义。本论文以此为背景，利用调谐液体阻尼器来控制偏心结构在地震作用下的扭转耦联振动，主要进行了以下几方面的研究工作：
(1)环形调液阻尼器对结构扭转耦联振动控制的参数研究。首先根据已建立的环形调液阻尼器(CTLCD)的运动方程，本文考虑了纯扭转振动情况下环形调液阻尼器的最优参数问题，进而分析了控制系统的参数对控制效果的影响。结果表明，环形调液阻尼器是一种有效的扭转振动控制装置。
(2)基于调液柱型阻尼器(TLCD)和环形调液阻尼器(CTLCD)来控制偏心结构在双向地震动作用下扭转耦联振动的方法以及阻尼器—结构体系在地震作用下随机响应的表达式，本文利用遗传算法，给出了控制系统的相关参数的优化设计方法。计算结果表明，当优化的目标函数考虑到结构每个自由度的反应时，结构的扭转反应可以得到有效控制。
(3)以一个12层偏心钢结构为算例，在结构顶层沿两个主轴方向正交放置两个TLCD，并在结构质心处安放一个CTLCD。基于本文给出的优化目标函数和遗传优化算法，对调液阻尼器的参数进行优化设计。最后，在时域内对调液阻尼器对结构扭转耦联振动的减振作用进行仿真模拟分析。分析结果表明，合理设计调液阻尼器的有关参数，能使其有效控制结构的扭转耦联振动。
From theoretical and seismic disasters, it can be concluded that the seismic response is not only in translational direction, but also in torsional direction. There are two respects that are responsible for the torsional response of structures. First, there exists torsional component for the motion of ground or phase delay for the different sites of ground under earthquake. Second, structure has eccentricity for the inconsistency between the center of mass and stiffness. The torsional components can lead to serious destroies, especially for the eccentric structures. So, the torsional response control problem of eccentric structures under earthquake is very important. The thesis focus on the seismic response control of complex structures using tuned liquid dampers and the main contents are summarized as follow:
(1) The parameters of Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (CTLCD) are analyzed. Based on the motion of equation for CTLCD in which the nonlinear damping of CTLCD is equivalently linearized, the optimal parameters of CTLCD under purely torsional condition are studied and the results show that CTLCD is an effective control device on torsional response.
(2) Baesd on the parameter optimization method of liquid dampers using Genetic Algorithm, the TLCD and CTLCD are induced to control the torsional responses of the eccentric buildings under seismicexcitation. The results show that the liquid dampers with optimal parameters can effectively reduce the torsional response of eccentric buildings when the objective function of optimization is selected to consider each degree of freedom.
(3) Two TLCDs and one CTLCD are used for seismic responses controlling of a 12-story eccentric steel building. The optimal parameters of liquid dampers are optimized by Genetic Algorithm. The structural response with and without liquid dampers under bi-directional earthquakes are calculated. The results show that the torsionally coupled response of structures can be effectively suppressed by liquid dampers with optimal parameters.
(1)环形调液阻尼器对结构扭转耦联振动控制的参数研究。首先根据已建立的环形调液阻尼器(CTLCD)的运动方程，本文考虑了纯扭转振动情况下环形调液阻尼器的最优参数问题，进而分析了控制系统的参数对控制效果的影响。结果表明，环形调液阻尼器是一种有效的扭转振动控制装置。
(2)基于调液柱型阻尼器(TLCD)和环形调液阻尼器(CTLCD)来控制偏心结构在双向地震动作用下扭转耦联振动的方法以及阻尼器—结构体系在地震作用下随机响应的表达式，本文利用遗传算法，给出了控制系统的相关参数的优化设计方法。计算结果表明，当优化的目标函数考虑到结构每个自由度的反应时，结构的扭转反应可以得到有效控制。
(3)以一个12层偏心钢结构为算例，在结构顶层沿两个主轴方向正交放置两个TLCD，并在结构质心处安放一个CTLCD。基于本文给出的优化目标函数和遗传优化算法，对调液阻尼器的参数进行优化设计。最后，在时域内对调液阻尼器对结构扭转耦联振动的减振作用进行仿真模拟分析。分析结果表明，合理设计调液阻尼器的有关参数，能使其有效控制结构的扭转耦联振动。
From theoretical and seismic disasters, it can be concluded that the seismic response is not only in translational direction, but also in torsional direction. There are two respects that are responsible for the torsional response of structures. First, there exists torsional component for the motion of ground or phase delay for the different sites of ground under earthquake. Second, structure has eccentricity for the inconsistency between the center of mass and stiffness. The torsional components can lead to serious destroies, especially for the eccentric structures. So, the torsional response control problem of eccentric structures under earthquake is very important. The thesis focus on the seismic response control of complex structures using tuned liquid dampers and the main contents are summarized as follow:
(1) The parameters of Circular Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (CTLCD) are analyzed. Based on the motion of equation for CTLCD in which the nonlinear damping of CTLCD is equivalently linearized, the optimal parameters of CTLCD under purely torsional condition are studied and the results show that CTLCD is an effective control device on torsional response.
(2) Baesd on the parameter optimization method of liquid dampers using Genetic Algorithm, the TLCD and CTLCD are induced to control the torsional responses of the eccentric buildings under seismicexcitation. The results show that the liquid dampers with optimal parameters can effectively reduce the torsional response of eccentric buildings when the objective function of optimization is selected to consider each degree of freedom.
(3) Two TLCDs and one CTLCD are used for seismic responses controlling of a 12-story eccentric steel building. The optimal parameters of liquid dampers are optimized by Genetic Algorithm. The structural response with and without liquid dampers under bi-directional earthquakes are calculated. The results show that the torsionally coupled response of structures can be effectively suppressed by liquid dampers with optimal parameters.
引文
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