锦150块中生界油层注水开发技术
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摘要
锦150块为低渗水敏性油藏,该断块依靠天然能量开发,地层压力下降快,产量递减快,采收率低,为了对该断块进行更有效的开发,针对开发过程中存在的问题进行了油层划分与精细对比、构造精细研究、沉积微相研究、储层特征研究、油藏特征等方面的研究。
本文在对断块构造、储层发育及油水分布等地质特征认真研究的基础上,进行了断块开发效果的评价;应用数值模拟方法对剩余油分布规律、注水井井网适应性、断块精细注水技术及实施效果评价等方面进行了研究,为进一步改善开发效果提出了具体的方案,针对低渗水敏性油藏在注水开发存在的问题及技术难点,开展了矿场先导性注水试验,试注结果表明:注水前的防膨措施、注入水与油层的高度配伍性、注入水中的机杂含量,是这类油藏成功注水开发的关键。
断块转为注水开发后,开发效果得到明显改善,矿场试验表明:断块注采井网趋于完善;地层压力恢复,采油速度得到提高。运用综合配套注水工艺技术,优化了设计注水参数,保证了断块的注入能力,有效减缓了断块纵向矛盾;通过采取分注措施,减缓了油层纵向矛盾,大大提高了储量动用程度,完善了注采的对应关系;改变注入水水驱方向,提高断块水驱波及体积及注水利用率,有效减缓了断块平面矛盾。精细注水开发后,采油速度由1.4%上升到2.5%,使断块开发效果得到明显改善。
Block Jin-150 is a low permeability water-sensitive reservoir. In view of the characteristics such as the block developing on natural energy, the fast drop of formation pressure and the low recovery ratio, some methods have been taken in order to make more effective development.These are the dividing and delicate comparison of the formation, the delicate research of structure, the research of depositional microfacies and characteristics of reservoir and formation.
On the base of knowing the geology characteristics of the block structure, the reservoir development and the oil-water distribution, some researches about the effect rating on block structure development, the distribution rule on remaining oil and the adaptability of flooding pattern with digital , delicate water flooding technique and the analysis of effect have been done. The next concrete scheme used to improve the development effect is taken. Some pilot water injection projects about field have been done in view of the problems and the technological difficulties in the process of the low permeability water-sensitive reservoir’s water flooding development. The injection test indicates that the appropriate antiswelling measure before water flooding, the high compatibility between the formation and the flooding water and the low content of impurity in the flooding water are the keys of successful water flooding in this kind of reservoir. Through the research about the appropriate flood pattern, a lot of work is done to synthetically administer the block structure. They are improving the flood pattern and degree of water drive, supplementing producing energy and transforming to water flooding.
The development effect is remarkably improved after the block structure having transformed to water flooding. It shows that the flood pattern of the block structure is becoming better, the formation pressure is recovering and the oil production rate is rising. The wells benefit from the optimization of water flooding parameters and the degradation of vertical problems.The degree of producing reserves is improved through separate injection and the low vertical problems.The homologous relationship of injection is better. The plane problems of the block structure is down by changing the water flooding orientation and improving the swept volume and the efficiency of flooding water. When the delicate water flooding technique is taken, the development effect is remarkably improved.
本文在对断块构造、储层发育及油水分布等地质特征认真研究的基础上,进行了断块开发效果的评价;应用数值模拟方法对剩余油分布规律、注水井井网适应性、断块精细注水技术及实施效果评价等方面进行了研究,为进一步改善开发效果提出了具体的方案,针对低渗水敏性油藏在注水开发存在的问题及技术难点,开展了矿场先导性注水试验,试注结果表明:注水前的防膨措施、注入水与油层的高度配伍性、注入水中的机杂含量,是这类油藏成功注水开发的关键。
断块转为注水开发后,开发效果得到明显改善,矿场试验表明:断块注采井网趋于完善;地层压力恢复,采油速度得到提高。运用综合配套注水工艺技术,优化了设计注水参数,保证了断块的注入能力,有效减缓了断块纵向矛盾;通过采取分注措施,减缓了油层纵向矛盾,大大提高了储量动用程度,完善了注采的对应关系;改变注入水水驱方向,提高断块水驱波及体积及注水利用率,有效减缓了断块平面矛盾。精细注水开发后,采油速度由1.4%上升到2.5%,使断块开发效果得到明显改善。
Block Jin-150 is a low permeability water-sensitive reservoir. In view of the characteristics such as the block developing on natural energy, the fast drop of formation pressure and the low recovery ratio, some methods have been taken in order to make more effective development.These are the dividing and delicate comparison of the formation, the delicate research of structure, the research of depositional microfacies and characteristics of reservoir and formation.
On the base of knowing the geology characteristics of the block structure, the reservoir development and the oil-water distribution, some researches about the effect rating on block structure development, the distribution rule on remaining oil and the adaptability of flooding pattern with digital , delicate water flooding technique and the analysis of effect have been done. The next concrete scheme used to improve the development effect is taken. Some pilot water injection projects about field have been done in view of the problems and the technological difficulties in the process of the low permeability water-sensitive reservoir’s water flooding development. The injection test indicates that the appropriate antiswelling measure before water flooding, the high compatibility between the formation and the flooding water and the low content of impurity in the flooding water are the keys of successful water flooding in this kind of reservoir. Through the research about the appropriate flood pattern, a lot of work is done to synthetically administer the block structure. They are improving the flood pattern and degree of water drive, supplementing producing energy and transforming to water flooding.
The development effect is remarkably improved after the block structure having transformed to water flooding. It shows that the flood pattern of the block structure is becoming better, the formation pressure is recovering and the oil production rate is rising. The wells benefit from the optimization of water flooding parameters and the degradation of vertical problems.The degree of producing reserves is improved through separate injection and the low vertical problems.The homologous relationship of injection is better. The plane problems of the block structure is down by changing the water flooding orientation and improving the swept volume and the efficiency of flooding water. When the delicate water flooding technique is taken, the development effect is remarkably improved.
引文
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[2]黎文清.油气田开发地质基础[M].石油工业出版社,2001:31-42
[3]法鲁克·西维.油层伤害-原理、模拟、评价和防治[M].石油工业出版社,2003:53-57
[4]万仁溥,罗英俊.采油技术手册[M].石油工业出版社,2000:81-86
[5]刘作江,李磊.特低渗透油藏裂缝分布规律及对注水开发的影响[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,14:125-126
[6]赵辰军.锦16块兴隆台油层注水开发调整技术[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008, 8:115-117
[7]中国石油天然气总公司劳资局.采油工程[M].石油工业出版社,1996:251-261
[8]王亚金,魏秉奎.作业监督基础理论与实践[M].石油工业出版社,2004:37-43
[9]罗智,苟群芳,刘星.油田注水开发过程中结垢与水敏的防治[J].江汉石油职工大学学报,2007,20(6):48-50
[10]陈一鸣.矿场地球物理测井技术测井资料解释[M].石油工业出版社,1994:195-225
[11]陈钦雷.油田开发设计与分析基础[M].石油工业出版社,1981:15-23
[12]路勇,马彦龙,李侠.注水开发油藏的储层保护技术[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,7 :36-39
[13]李忠平,段永名,等.低孔低渗油藏合理井网密度确定方法[J].河南石油,2001,15(4):19-21
[14]刘中春,岳湘安,王正波.低渗透油藏岩石物性对渗流的影响分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(6):9-41
[15]孙文涛,黄炳光.唐海注水开发油藏水驱效果初期潜力评价方法[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(5):79-81
[16]赵刚,杨学云,张茂森.提高特低渗透油藏注水开发效果方法研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,33(9):84-86
[17]张光明,廖锐全,等.特低渗透油藏流体渗流特征实验研究[J].江汉石油学院学报, 2004,26(1):88-90
[18]朱苏青,苏玉亮,叶惠民.低渗透油田驱替机理研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2004,26(6):39-42
[19]张增虎.如何有效的开发低渗透油藏[J].内蒙古石油化工,2005,15(3):120-121
[20]赵碧华.用数模拟方法研究油气层伤害[M].石油钻采工艺,1993,4:59-63
[21]张建国,雷光伦,张艳玉.油气层渗流力学[M].石油大学出版社,1998:14-15
[22]沈平平.油水在多孔介质中的运动理论和实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:40-42
[23]乔守武,王锴,宋志强.油田注水开发动态分析[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,33(6):136-138
[24]黄延章.低渗透油层渗流机理[M].北京石油工业出版社,1998:65-70
[25]何更生.油层物理[M].北京石油工业出版社,1994:192-224
[26]唐士跃,杨仕勇,马铭鲁.注水开发油田精细配注方法研究[J].青海石油,2007,25(1):49-54
[27]彭仕宓,尹旭,张继春.注水开发中粘土矿物及其岩石敏感性的演化模式[J].石油学报,2006,27(4):71-75
[28]付国民,刘云焕,宁占强.裂缝性特低渗透储层注水开发井网的优化设计[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(2):94-96
[29]裘楠,刘雨芬.低渗透砂岩油藏开发模式[M].北京石油工业出版社,1998,4:42-65
[30]陈新平,王胜利.文东深层低渗透油藏提高注水开发效果研究[J].江汉石油职工大学学报,2006,19(2):42-44
[31]李道品.低渗透砂岩油藏开发[M].北京石油工业出版社,1997,9:65-87
[32]邱光东,等.老君庙M层低渗透砂岩油藏[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:147-202
[33]阮敏,何秋轩.低渗透非达西渗流综合判据初探[J].西安石油学院学报,1999,14(4):46-48
[34]姚约东,葛家理,魏俊之.低渗透油层渗流规律的研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(4):73-75
[35]宋付权.低渗透油藏注水开发的水突进特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):106-108
[36]秦积舜,李爱芬.油层物理学[M].东营石油大学出版社,2004
[37]李士伦,张正卿,冉新权.注气提高石油采收率技术[M].成都四川科学技术出版社,2001
[38]刘洪梅.孤岛油田中二北馆5高含水井氮化泡沫调剖治理[J].油气田地面工程,2004,23(2):43-45
[39]寇永强.坨11区块泡沫驱油的室内研究与现场实践[J].油田化学,2005,22(2):184-187
[40]付继彤,张莉,尹德江.强化泡沫的封堵调剖性能及矿场试验[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,12(5):47-49.
[41]李淑红,吴玉杰,金力扬.注氮气泡沫控制无效循环技术在萨北油田的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2006:109-112
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