嵌入式睡眠监控报警系统研究
摘要
医学数据表明，夜间是疾病的高发期。急性心肌梗塞在夜间的发病率约占全天总发病率的一半，脑血栓患者在睡眠中发病猝死的人数高达70%～80%。另外，许多疾病也多在夜间加重，包括心功能不全、支气管炎、哮喘等。本课题对睡眠状态下的人进行实时监护，意外发生时采取合理措施，方便医护人员及时救治，可降低夜间突发疾病的危害性。嵌入式系统因其功耗低、效率高、性价比高、可靠性高、实时性强，支持多任务和占用空间小等特点，在医疗设备领域应用广泛。
针对夜间突发疾病的救助问题，设计了嵌入式睡眠监控报警系统。它用于采集和分析用户在睡眠中的生理数据，当生理特征值出现异常征兆时，提供及时有效地报警措施，为患者争取宝贵的救助时间。研究内容主要包括：
（1）硬件设计。系统分为采集处理和监控报警两个模块。采集处理模块由微控制器（LPC2103）、信号调理电路、无线发射电路、存储电路和工作电路（供电电路和复位电路）组成，可以实现的功能包括采集、调理、发送和存储睡眠中的生理信号（脉搏信号和体温值）。监控报警模块由微控制器（P89LPC935）、GSM模块TC35i、门控开关电路、无线接收电路和串口转USB接口电路组成，可以实现的功能包括电话报警、短信通知、自动开门、接收信号和PC机通信。
（2）软件设计。根据μC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式多任务实时操作系统的内核结构，给出了μC/OS-Ⅱ移植在LPC2103处理器上所需的条件和步骤。
（3）生理分析与算法。在深入学习小波变换、多分辨率分析、Mallat算法和小波基函数的理论基础上，选用了阈值去噪法对脉搏信号小波去噪。从时域、频域、时频域和脉搏波特征量K值4个方面提取并分析了脉搏信号的特征值，根据参数范围初步诊断病情。
实验结果表明，在不干扰用户正常睡眠的情况下，系统根据采集处理的脉搏信号和体温值，可以实现监控报警的功能。
Large amount of medical statistical data showed that the highest incidenceof diseases occurs during nighttime. The incident of acute myocardial infarctionat night is accounted for about half of the overall incidence of all day. Suddendeath rate of patients with cerebral thrombus in sleep reaches as high as70%~80%. In addition, many diseases get aggravated more likely at night, includingcardiac dysfunction, bronchitis, asthma and so forth. The emphasis of the studyin this paper is the implementation of real-time monitoring of sleeping patientsand taking reasonable measures when accident happened, which helps medicalpersonnel provide convenient and timely treatment, reduce the danger of suddendiseases happened at night. The embedded system is widely used in the medicaldevice field because of its low power consumption, high efficiency, highreliability, high cost performance, good real-time, multi-task supporting and littlespace occupying.
The system can collect, condition, store and analyze the physiology signalfrom users in sleep, to provide timely and effective warning alert measures whendetecting abnormal physiology signals and to win valuable time for patients’medical treatment. The subject mainly focus on the sudden night diseases aidingsituations, the content of the research consists of:
(1) Hardware design.The system can be divided into Acquisition/Processingand Monitor/Alarm two modules. Function of Acquisition/Processing module isto collect, to condition, to store and to analyze the physiology signal (pulsesignal and body temperature) from users in sleep. This module consists ofmicrocontroller (LPC2103), signal adjust circuit，wireless transmitting circuit,memory circuit and operating circuit(supply circuit and reset circuit). Function ofMonitor/Alarm module is to realize telephone alarm, SMS notification, openingdoors automatically, signal receiving and PC set communication. This moduleconsists of microcontroller (P89LPC935), GSM module TC35i, gate controlswitch circuit, wireless transmitting circuit and serial port to USB module.
(2) Software design.Based on the internal structure of μC/OS-II embeddedreal-time multitasking operating system, it is elaborated that the requiredprerequisite and steps to transplant μC/OS-II to LPC2103processor.
(3) Analysis and arithmetic.Threshold de-noising method is chosen forpulse signal in wavelet de-noising on the theoretical basis of the further study onwavelet transform, multiresolution analysis, mallat algorithm and waveletfunction. Extract and analyze the pulse signal eigenvalue from time domain,frequency domain, time-frequency domain and pulse wave eigenvalue K fouraspects, and presumptively diagnose diseases from the parameter range.
The experiment results show that, the system can realize monitor andalarm function based on pulse signal and body temperature from acquisition andprocessing without disturbing users’ morpheus.
针对夜间突发疾病的救助问题，设计了嵌入式睡眠监控报警系统。它用于采集和分析用户在睡眠中的生理数据，当生理特征值出现异常征兆时，提供及时有效地报警措施，为患者争取宝贵的救助时间。研究内容主要包括：
（1）硬件设计。系统分为采集处理和监控报警两个模块。采集处理模块由微控制器（LPC2103）、信号调理电路、无线发射电路、存储电路和工作电路（供电电路和复位电路）组成，可以实现的功能包括采集、调理、发送和存储睡眠中的生理信号（脉搏信号和体温值）。监控报警模块由微控制器（P89LPC935）、GSM模块TC35i、门控开关电路、无线接收电路和串口转USB接口电路组成，可以实现的功能包括电话报警、短信通知、自动开门、接收信号和PC机通信。
（2）软件设计。根据μC/OS-Ⅱ嵌入式多任务实时操作系统的内核结构，给出了μC/OS-Ⅱ移植在LPC2103处理器上所需的条件和步骤。
（3）生理分析与算法。在深入学习小波变换、多分辨率分析、Mallat算法和小波基函数的理论基础上，选用了阈值去噪法对脉搏信号小波去噪。从时域、频域、时频域和脉搏波特征量K值4个方面提取并分析了脉搏信号的特征值，根据参数范围初步诊断病情。
实验结果表明，在不干扰用户正常睡眠的情况下，系统根据采集处理的脉搏信号和体温值，可以实现监控报警的功能。
Large amount of medical statistical data showed that the highest incidenceof diseases occurs during nighttime. The incident of acute myocardial infarctionat night is accounted for about half of the overall incidence of all day. Suddendeath rate of patients with cerebral thrombus in sleep reaches as high as70%~80%. In addition, many diseases get aggravated more likely at night, includingcardiac dysfunction, bronchitis, asthma and so forth. The emphasis of the studyin this paper is the implementation of real-time monitoring of sleeping patientsand taking reasonable measures when accident happened, which helps medicalpersonnel provide convenient and timely treatment, reduce the danger of suddendiseases happened at night. The embedded system is widely used in the medicaldevice field because of its low power consumption, high efficiency, highreliability, high cost performance, good real-time, multi-task supporting and littlespace occupying.
The system can collect, condition, store and analyze the physiology signalfrom users in sleep, to provide timely and effective warning alert measures whendetecting abnormal physiology signals and to win valuable time for patients’medical treatment. The subject mainly focus on the sudden night diseases aidingsituations, the content of the research consists of:
(1) Hardware design.The system can be divided into Acquisition/Processingand Monitor/Alarm two modules. Function of Acquisition/Processing module isto collect, to condition, to store and to analyze the physiology signal (pulsesignal and body temperature) from users in sleep. This module consists ofmicrocontroller (LPC2103), signal adjust circuit，wireless transmitting circuit,memory circuit and operating circuit(supply circuit and reset circuit). Function ofMonitor/Alarm module is to realize telephone alarm, SMS notification, openingdoors automatically, signal receiving and PC set communication. This moduleconsists of microcontroller (P89LPC935), GSM module TC35i, gate controlswitch circuit, wireless transmitting circuit and serial port to USB module.
(2) Software design.Based on the internal structure of μC/OS-II embeddedreal-time multitasking operating system, it is elaborated that the requiredprerequisite and steps to transplant μC/OS-II to LPC2103processor.
(3) Analysis and arithmetic.Threshold de-noising method is chosen forpulse signal in wavelet de-noising on the theoretical basis of the further study onwavelet transform, multiresolution analysis, mallat algorithm and waveletfunction. Extract and analyze the pulse signal eigenvalue from time domain,frequency domain, time-frequency domain and pulse wave eigenvalue K fouraspects, and presumptively diagnose diseases from the parameter range.
The experiment results show that, the system can realize monitor andalarm function based on pulse signal and body temperature from acquisition andprocessing without disturbing users’ morpheus.
引文
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[10]罗堪.基于DSP的脉搏波测量仪研制[J].电子测量技术,2010,33(2):102-107.
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[19]胡科.图像匹配互相关算法的优化设计及嵌入式实现[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2008.
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[22]谢拴勤,张磊.多矿井安全监控系统的嵌入式智能节点设计[J].计算机测量与控制,2011,19(8):1898-1904.
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[24]姚成凯.基于嵌入式的MEMS加速度传感器测控仿真系统[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2009.
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[29]许清泉,朱锡芳.基于阈值和小波去噪的激光在线测厚技术[J].光电子技术,2011,31(4):256-262.
[30]朱呈祥,邹云.基于小波分析的分数阶系统辨识信号降噪的变尺度阈值方法[J].计算机应用,2011,31(2):544-547.
[31]陈晓曦,王延杰.小波阈值去噪法的深入研究[J].激光与红外,2012,42(1):106-110.
[32]马利娜.基于ARM9的便携式脉搏波分析诊断仪设计[D].厦门:厦门大学,2009.
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[2]李茜,朱方长.关于中国人口老龄化的思考[J].科技资讯,2010,10:233-234.
[3]郭兴明,陈丽珊.基于智能手机的心电实时监护系统的设计[J].计算机应用研究,2010,27(6):2181-2183.
[4]相建南,卢松柏.移动与可穿戴技术在心血管远程监护的应用[J].电子科技大学学报,2010,39(4):2-5.
[5]苏晓芸.基于小波理论的医学图像增强研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[6]刘一民.基于LPC2103的地质灾害自动化无线监测系统的设计[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010.
[7] Gomez Clapers, Casanella R. Pulse arrival time estimation from the impedance plethysmogram obtained with a handheld device[C].33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society,2011,10:516-519.
[8]卢超.面向睡眠分析的脉搏检测实验装置的设计[J].实验技术与管理,2010,27(9):67-71．
[9]魏宇良.基于小波分析和支持向量机理论的脉象信号处理方法研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2010.
[10]罗堪.基于DSP的脉搏波测量仪研制[J].电子测量技术,2010,33(2):102-107.
[11]王晓冰.体温与健康的关系[J].百科知识,2011,5(10):46-49.
[12]余波,何为.基于嵌入式系统的远程多参数监护系统[J].计算机工程,2008,34(6):252-254.
[13]Paul Y Takahashi, Gregory J Hanson. A randomized controlled trial of telemonitoring inolder adults with multiple chronic conditions: the Tele-ERA study. BMC Health ServicesResearch,2010,10:255-262.
[14]郭经纬.基于GSM的汽车指纹报警模块的设计与实现[D].重庆:重庆大学,2009.
[15]马剑锋.基于GPRS网络地震信号测控系统设计[D].南京:南京航天航空大学,2007.
[16]于泓博,李会.便携式GSM无线瓦斯报警系统的设计与实现[J].化工自动化及仪表,2011,38(11):1360-1363.
[17]吴飞青,李林功.TC35i在温室环境信息监控中的应用[J].自动化仪表,2008,29(8):41-46.
[18]余善恩,尚群立.RS232设备到USB设备的升级及USB设备的开发[J].计算机工程,2007,33(3):256-258.
[19]胡科.图像匹配互相关算法的优化设计及嵌入式实现[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2008.
[20]王建.智能小区网络化安防信息采集系统的研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2011.
[21]狄春燕.基于嵌入式系统的机器人视觉远程图像传输及网络控制[D].上海:上海交通大学,2006.
[22]谢拴勤,张磊.多矿井安全监控系统的嵌入式智能节点设计[J].计算机测量与控制,2011,19(8):1898-1904.
[23]李毅,万衡.基于ARM的机器人移动底盘设计[J].华东理工大学学报,2008,34(5):755-757.
[24]姚成凯.基于嵌入式的MEMS加速度传感器测控仿真系统[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2009.
[25]吴侃.基于ARM的嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-II的移植和应用研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2010.
[26]林川,吴景东.LPC2292的μC/OS-II硬件抽象层构建[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2008(3):21-23.
[27]姚少林.基于K-L交换的小波图像融合研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2007.
[28]夏楠,邱天爽.基于锁相环和小波变换的PSK信号波特率估计[J].通信学报,2012,33(1):96-100.
[29]许清泉,朱锡芳.基于阈值和小波去噪的激光在线测厚技术[J].光电子技术,2011,31(4):256-262.
[30]朱呈祥,邹云.基于小波分析的分数阶系统辨识信号降噪的变尺度阈值方法[J].计算机应用,2011,31(2):544-547.
[31]陈晓曦,王延杰.小波阈值去噪法的深入研究[J].激光与红外,2012,42(1):106-110.
[32]马利娜.基于ARM9的便携式脉搏波分析诊断仪设计[D].厦门:厦门大学,2009.
[33]赵学玲.基于脉搏波的无创心血管检测技术若干关键问题的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2009.
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