交直流电力系统稳定性分析与控制相关问题的研究
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摘要
稳定域估计在很多工程领域尤其电力系统是非常重要的。以往的文献中提出了非常多的估计稳定域的方法,但是有些只是估计了稳定域的一个子集而存在保守性问题,还有些虽然从数学上完整地描述了稳定边界的组成然而存在实际计算问题。传统的稳定域研究是只针对纯交流系统的,目前为止对交直流系统稳定域的研究还是非常缺乏,需要提出新的理论与新的方法进一步研究。
随着直流输电的广泛应用以及交直流混合输电系统的日益增多,将会出现一系列的新问题。交流输电和直流输电虽然特性完全不同,但是两者在实际电网运行中有着非常紧密的联系以及非常复杂的相互影响。交直流的相互影响是电力系统稳定研究中的重要方面,也是电力工程界最为关注的问题之一,所以需要对这个课题继续开展广泛深入的研究。
最近十年全世界发生了多起严重的大停电事故,对国民经济以及社会生活造成了严重后果。国内外学者将复杂系统等先进理论引入电力系统,开展了对连锁故障以及大停电相关课题的详尽研究,取得了很多突破性进展和成果。现在连锁故障与大停电的研究仍不可避免地存在一些问题,主要在于一是没有考虑系统完整的动态特性,二是鲜有针对交直流系统的研究。
本文从上述的交直流系统稳定域与稳定边界、交直流系统相互影响、交直流系统连锁故障与大停电这三个方面研究交直流电力系统稳定性分析与控制相关问题,主要做了以下工作：
1.提出了包含完整直流运行状态的全状态直流模型,很好地模拟了交直流系统固有的切换特性,计算了单机无穷交直流全状态系统在不同直流运行方式下的相图,分析了单机无穷交直流全状态系统的稳定域特性以及子系统切换规律,并与单机无穷纯交流系统以及单机无穷交直流简化系统的特性作了对应比较。
2.给出了一种基于稳定约束最优潮流的交直流相互影响分析算法,根据实际电网运行经验进一步改进算法流程,可以减少计算量和提高计算效率,应用断面潮流暂稳极限计算、切机切载分析、直流紧急功率提升分析相应算法对2012年三华特高压互联电网进行了交直流影响计算分析。
3.分别研究了区内直流线路以及区外直流线路发生闭锁故障后引发交流联络线发生功率波动的机理,给出了功率波动峰值的近似计算方法,分析了影响功率波动峰值的关键因素,通过2012年三华电网实际算例的仿真计算对计算结果和计算方法进行了对比和验证。
4.提出了一种考虑紧急控制保护装置及直流系统概率动作特性的连锁故障动态仿真模型,应用这个模型对2010年华东电网实际系统进行了动态仿真,在不同的直流运行方式、直流控制参数、交直流互联方式、交直流容量分配下,计算了停电功率—停电概率幂律曲线,分析了对系统自组织临界性的影响。
5.进行了交直流容量最优分配问题的初步分析和数学建模,提出了连锁故障蒙特卡洛仿真算法和交直流容量最优分配隐式枚举算法,对修改的IEEE39算例系统进行了仿真计算,求得使系统连锁故障与大停电风险最小的交直流容量分配最优解,分析了各种因素对交直流容量最优分配的影响。
Stability region estimation is very significant in many engineering fields especially in power systems. A lot of methods of stability region estimation have been proposed in the literature, some only estimate a subset of the stability region but with the problem of conservativeness, and others completely describe the composition of the stability boundary in mathematics but with the barrier of practical computation. The traditional study on stability region is only to the AC system, so far the study on the AC/DC power system stability region has been very lacked, and it needs further research by applying new theories and methods.
Along with the DC transmission widely applied and the AC/DC hybrid power transmission system quickly increased, a series of new problems will appear. Although the characteristics of AC and DC transmission are totally different, the two have very close contact and very complicated interaction in the operation of actual power grids. AC/DC interaction is an important aspect in the study of power system stability, and is one of the most concerned problems in the field of power engineering, so wide and deep research on this subject should be continually developed.
There has occurred several severe blackouts all over the world in recent ten years, which led to serious consequencies on the national economy and social life. Scholars domestic and abroad have applied advanced theories such as the complex system theory to the power system, detailed studies on the subject of cascading failure and blackout have been proceeded, and a lot of breakthroughs and achievements have been obtained. Now there still inevitably exists some problems in the issue of cascading failure and blackout, one is that the complete dynamics of the system is not considered, and the other is that there is little research on the AC/DC system.
In this thesis, the relative problems of AC/DC power system stability analysis and control are studied in three aspects of AC/DC system stability region and stability boundary, AC/DC system interaction, and AC/DC system cascading failure and blackout, the main work is as follows:
1. A full state DC model which includes complete DC operation modes is used, it nicely describes the inherent switching characteristics of AC/DC systems, the phase portraits of the single machine-infinite bus (SMIB) AC/DC full state system under different DC operation modes are calculated, the stability region characteristics and subsystem switching laws of the SMIB AC/DC full state system are analyzed, and the related characteristics of the SMIB AC system and the SMIB AC/DC simplified system are compared.
2. An AC/DC interaction analysis algorithm based on the stability constrained optimal power flow is proposed, the algorithm is furtherly modified according to the operation experience of practical power grids, with which the computation burden can be reduced and the calculation efficiency can be increased, the AC/DC interaction of the2012North China-Central China-East China (3C) UHV interconnected power grid is calculated and analyzed applying the related algorithms of interface power flow transient stability limits calculation, generator trip and load shedding analysis, and DC emergency power lifting analysis.
3. The mechanisms of the AC tie-line power swing phenomenon resulted from the interior and exterior DC line blocking contingency are respectively studied, the approximate calculation method of the power swing peak value is given, and the influential factors of the power swing peak value are analyzed, the calculation results and methods are compared and verified by simulation of the2012North China-Central China-East China (3C) UHV interconnected power grid.
4. A dynamic cascading failure model considering the probability characteristics of the emergency control&protection device and DC system is proposed, with which dynamic simulation of the2010East China power grid is performed, under different DC operation modes, DC control parameters, AC/DC interconnection modes, and AC/DC capacity allocations, the outage power—outage probability power law curve is calculated, and the impact on the self-organized criticality of the system is analyzed.
5. Preliminary analysis and mathematical modeling of the AC/DC capacity optimal allocation problem are proceeded, a cascading failure Monte Carlo simulation algorithm and an AC/DC capacity optimal allocation implicit enumeration algorithm are proposed, the modified IEEE39case system is calculated, the AC/DC capacity allocation optimal solution which can minimize the system cascading failure and blackout risk is obtained, the impact of various factors on the optimal AC/DC capacity allocation is analyzed.
随着直流输电的广泛应用以及交直流混合输电系统的日益增多,将会出现一系列的新问题。交流输电和直流输电虽然特性完全不同,但是两者在实际电网运行中有着非常紧密的联系以及非常复杂的相互影响。交直流的相互影响是电力系统稳定研究中的重要方面,也是电力工程界最为关注的问题之一,所以需要对这个课题继续开展广泛深入的研究。
最近十年全世界发生了多起严重的大停电事故,对国民经济以及社会生活造成了严重后果。国内外学者将复杂系统等先进理论引入电力系统,开展了对连锁故障以及大停电相关课题的详尽研究,取得了很多突破性进展和成果。现在连锁故障与大停电的研究仍不可避免地存在一些问题,主要在于一是没有考虑系统完整的动态特性,二是鲜有针对交直流系统的研究。
本文从上述的交直流系统稳定域与稳定边界、交直流系统相互影响、交直流系统连锁故障与大停电这三个方面研究交直流电力系统稳定性分析与控制相关问题,主要做了以下工作：
1.提出了包含完整直流运行状态的全状态直流模型,很好地模拟了交直流系统固有的切换特性,计算了单机无穷交直流全状态系统在不同直流运行方式下的相图,分析了单机无穷交直流全状态系统的稳定域特性以及子系统切换规律,并与单机无穷纯交流系统以及单机无穷交直流简化系统的特性作了对应比较。
2.给出了一种基于稳定约束最优潮流的交直流相互影响分析算法,根据实际电网运行经验进一步改进算法流程,可以减少计算量和提高计算效率,应用断面潮流暂稳极限计算、切机切载分析、直流紧急功率提升分析相应算法对2012年三华特高压互联电网进行了交直流影响计算分析。
3.分别研究了区内直流线路以及区外直流线路发生闭锁故障后引发交流联络线发生功率波动的机理,给出了功率波动峰值的近似计算方法,分析了影响功率波动峰值的关键因素,通过2012年三华电网实际算例的仿真计算对计算结果和计算方法进行了对比和验证。
4.提出了一种考虑紧急控制保护装置及直流系统概率动作特性的连锁故障动态仿真模型,应用这个模型对2010年华东电网实际系统进行了动态仿真,在不同的直流运行方式、直流控制参数、交直流互联方式、交直流容量分配下,计算了停电功率—停电概率幂律曲线,分析了对系统自组织临界性的影响。
5.进行了交直流容量最优分配问题的初步分析和数学建模,提出了连锁故障蒙特卡洛仿真算法和交直流容量最优分配隐式枚举算法,对修改的IEEE39算例系统进行了仿真计算,求得使系统连锁故障与大停电风险最小的交直流容量分配最优解,分析了各种因素对交直流容量最优分配的影响。
Stability region estimation is very significant in many engineering fields especially in power systems. A lot of methods of stability region estimation have been proposed in the literature, some only estimate a subset of the stability region but with the problem of conservativeness, and others completely describe the composition of the stability boundary in mathematics but with the barrier of practical computation. The traditional study on stability region is only to the AC system, so far the study on the AC/DC power system stability region has been very lacked, and it needs further research by applying new theories and methods.
Along with the DC transmission widely applied and the AC/DC hybrid power transmission system quickly increased, a series of new problems will appear. Although the characteristics of AC and DC transmission are totally different, the two have very close contact and very complicated interaction in the operation of actual power grids. AC/DC interaction is an important aspect in the study of power system stability, and is one of the most concerned problems in the field of power engineering, so wide and deep research on this subject should be continually developed.
There has occurred several severe blackouts all over the world in recent ten years, which led to serious consequencies on the national economy and social life. Scholars domestic and abroad have applied advanced theories such as the complex system theory to the power system, detailed studies on the subject of cascading failure and blackout have been proceeded, and a lot of breakthroughs and achievements have been obtained. Now there still inevitably exists some problems in the issue of cascading failure and blackout, one is that the complete dynamics of the system is not considered, and the other is that there is little research on the AC/DC system.
In this thesis, the relative problems of AC/DC power system stability analysis and control are studied in three aspects of AC/DC system stability region and stability boundary, AC/DC system interaction, and AC/DC system cascading failure and blackout, the main work is as follows:
1. A full state DC model which includes complete DC operation modes is used, it nicely describes the inherent switching characteristics of AC/DC systems, the phase portraits of the single machine-infinite bus (SMIB) AC/DC full state system under different DC operation modes are calculated, the stability region characteristics and subsystem switching laws of the SMIB AC/DC full state system are analyzed, and the related characteristics of the SMIB AC system and the SMIB AC/DC simplified system are compared.
2. An AC/DC interaction analysis algorithm based on the stability constrained optimal power flow is proposed, the algorithm is furtherly modified according to the operation experience of practical power grids, with which the computation burden can be reduced and the calculation efficiency can be increased, the AC/DC interaction of the2012North China-Central China-East China (3C) UHV interconnected power grid is calculated and analyzed applying the related algorithms of interface power flow transient stability limits calculation, generator trip and load shedding analysis, and DC emergency power lifting analysis.
3. The mechanisms of the AC tie-line power swing phenomenon resulted from the interior and exterior DC line blocking contingency are respectively studied, the approximate calculation method of the power swing peak value is given, and the influential factors of the power swing peak value are analyzed, the calculation results and methods are compared and verified by simulation of the2012North China-Central China-East China (3C) UHV interconnected power grid.
4. A dynamic cascading failure model considering the probability characteristics of the emergency control&protection device and DC system is proposed, with which dynamic simulation of the2010East China power grid is performed, under different DC operation modes, DC control parameters, AC/DC interconnection modes, and AC/DC capacity allocations, the outage power—outage probability power law curve is calculated, and the impact on the self-organized criticality of the system is analyzed.
5. Preliminary analysis and mathematical modeling of the AC/DC capacity optimal allocation problem are proceeded, a cascading failure Monte Carlo simulation algorithm and an AC/DC capacity optimal allocation implicit enumeration algorithm are proposed, the modified IEEE39case system is calculated, the AC/DC capacity allocation optimal solution which can minimize the system cascading failure and blackout risk is obtained, the impact of various factors on the optimal AC/DC capacity allocation is analyzed.
引文
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