再生水灌溉对高尔夫果岭及淋溶水影响的研究
摘要
本研究选择在高尔夫果岭上进行,采用随机区组设计,设有自来水、二级再生水、三级再生水3种水质处理,同时采取三种不同的表施管理措施,分别为草炭与石膏混合物、湿润剂、沙子3种基质。旨在调查研究灌溉后果岭土壤的理化性质,草坪外观质量,草坪草叶部元素和淋溶水的水质的变化情况,从而确定适宜果岭的水质及管理表施措施。并得出以下研究结论：
(1)灌溉水质分析结果表明：三级再生水可以长时间安全灌溉,而二级再生水中的盐分离子、营养元素含量较高,若长时间使用二级再生水灌溉高尔夫果岭草坪,仍需提高对二级再生的EC、钠离子、钾离子、总磷、铵态氮等指标的处理程度；
(2)二级再生水灌溉后土壤化学性质中的电导率为0.34ds/m、钠离子为607.97mg/kg、钾离子为15623.16mg/kg,这三个指标含量均显著性高于三级再生水和自来水灌溉处理,需要适时对土壤的这些指标进行监测,避免对草坪草造成危害；草炭和石膏混合物中钙离子、镁离子含量较高,表施之后土壤中的这两种离子含量同样发生了显著性升高,分别达到14809.23mg/kg和1395.66mg/kg。而土壤中其他理化指标含量未发生显著性变化。
(3)二级再生水灌溉果岭后草坪草屑的干重有一个显著性增高；且二级再生水灌溉果岭后草坪草中的钠离子含量比三级再生水和自来水灌溉处理分别显著高出193.77mg/kg和231.95mg/kg,长时间灌溉二级再生水,钠离子在草坪草叶部累积,可能会发生盐害；再生水灌溉和表施不同基质没有引起果岭草坪草的其他指标含量发生显著性差异。
(4)二级再生水灌溉后,淋溶水的电导率、钠离子、镁离子、钙离子和3种营养元素均含量发生了显著性变化,但均未超出地表水质标准中所规定的最高阀值,短时间灌溉不会引起地表水组分的变化；且表施草炭与石膏混合物的小区,土壤孔隙度增加,灌溉后淋溶性升高,淋溶水中钙离子含量达到了125.96mg/l,发生了显著性增高,而其他指标含量并未发生显著性变化。
This study was choosed on Golf green as the study area,which used A randomized block design, including three water-treatments,which were Tap Water(TW),Secondary Recycled water(SR) and Tertiary Recycled water(TR).Meanwhile,Three different top dressing practices were taken on the experimental plots, which were Peat and Gypsum mixture, Wetting agents and Sand.Through the contrastive analysis of soil physicochemical properties, visual turfgrass quality,organizational elements of grass,and properties of the leachate sample,Finally we can determine the suitable water quality and management measures for green.the main conclusions as follows:
(1) The analysis of irrigation waters showed that TR can be used for perpetual irrigation.However,the salt ionsN nutrient elements of SR is higher, if irrigatting golf green with SR for long time,we still need to strengthen the processing of its Ec、sodio、potassium ion、Total phosphorus、Ammonium nitrogen.
(2) The soil conductivity was0.34ds/m,sodium ion was607.97mg/kg,potassium ion was15623.16mg/kg with SR irrigation,these soil chemical properties was significantly higher than TR irrigation and TW irrigation.In order to avoid causing harm to turfgrass,we need to monitor these indicators timely; As the contents of peat and gypsum mixture includes much calcium ions, magnesium ions,the contents of two ions were significantly increased to14809.23mg/kg and1395.66mg/kg when it was applied on soil;The other soil physical and chemical indicators did not change significantly.
(3) After irrigating with SR, The dry weight of grass clippings was increased significantly and the content of sodium ion was significantly higher than irrigating with TR and TW, which reached to193.77mg/kg and231.95mg/kg.Irrigating golf green with SR for long time,sodium ion was accumulated in the grass organization, which might lead to salt damage.The other indicators of turfgrass did not changed significantly with recycled water irrigation and application of Peat and Gypsum mixture, Wetting agents and Sand.
(4) After irrigating with SR,the EC, sodium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion and three kinds of nutrient elements of leachate were all changed significantly,but the contents of these indicators did not exceeded the highest level of the surface water quality standard, so,surface water composition will not be changed with SR for a short time irrigation.Besides,soil porosity was increased by application of Peat and Gypsum mixture,which caused the rise of leaching.So the content of calcium ion in leachate sample was increased significantly reaching to125.96mg/l, but other indicators did not changed significantly.
(1)灌溉水质分析结果表明：三级再生水可以长时间安全灌溉,而二级再生水中的盐分离子、营养元素含量较高,若长时间使用二级再生水灌溉高尔夫果岭草坪,仍需提高对二级再生的EC、钠离子、钾离子、总磷、铵态氮等指标的处理程度；
(2)二级再生水灌溉后土壤化学性质中的电导率为0.34ds/m、钠离子为607.97mg/kg、钾离子为15623.16mg/kg,这三个指标含量均显著性高于三级再生水和自来水灌溉处理,需要适时对土壤的这些指标进行监测,避免对草坪草造成危害；草炭和石膏混合物中钙离子、镁离子含量较高,表施之后土壤中的这两种离子含量同样发生了显著性升高,分别达到14809.23mg/kg和1395.66mg/kg。而土壤中其他理化指标含量未发生显著性变化。
(3)二级再生水灌溉果岭后草坪草屑的干重有一个显著性增高；且二级再生水灌溉果岭后草坪草中的钠离子含量比三级再生水和自来水灌溉处理分别显著高出193.77mg/kg和231.95mg/kg,长时间灌溉二级再生水,钠离子在草坪草叶部累积,可能会发生盐害；再生水灌溉和表施不同基质没有引起果岭草坪草的其他指标含量发生显著性差异。
(4)二级再生水灌溉后,淋溶水的电导率、钠离子、镁离子、钙离子和3种营养元素均含量发生了显著性变化,但均未超出地表水质标准中所规定的最高阀值,短时间灌溉不会引起地表水组分的变化；且表施草炭与石膏混合物的小区,土壤孔隙度增加,灌溉后淋溶性升高,淋溶水中钙离子含量达到了125.96mg/l,发生了显著性增高,而其他指标含量并未发生显著性变化。
This study was choosed on Golf green as the study area,which used A randomized block design, including three water-treatments,which were Tap Water(TW),Secondary Recycled water(SR) and Tertiary Recycled water(TR).Meanwhile,Three different top dressing practices were taken on the experimental plots, which were Peat and Gypsum mixture, Wetting agents and Sand.Through the contrastive analysis of soil physicochemical properties, visual turfgrass quality,organizational elements of grass,and properties of the leachate sample,Finally we can determine the suitable water quality and management measures for green.the main conclusions as follows:
(1) The analysis of irrigation waters showed that TR can be used for perpetual irrigation.However,the salt ionsN nutrient elements of SR is higher, if irrigatting golf green with SR for long time,we still need to strengthen the processing of its Ec、sodio、potassium ion、Total phosphorus、Ammonium nitrogen.
(2) The soil conductivity was0.34ds/m,sodium ion was607.97mg/kg,potassium ion was15623.16mg/kg with SR irrigation,these soil chemical properties was significantly higher than TR irrigation and TW irrigation.In order to avoid causing harm to turfgrass,we need to monitor these indicators timely; As the contents of peat and gypsum mixture includes much calcium ions, magnesium ions,the contents of two ions were significantly increased to14809.23mg/kg and1395.66mg/kg when it was applied on soil;The other soil physical and chemical indicators did not change significantly.
(3) After irrigating with SR, The dry weight of grass clippings was increased significantly and the content of sodium ion was significantly higher than irrigating with TR and TW, which reached to193.77mg/kg and231.95mg/kg.Irrigating golf green with SR for long time,sodium ion was accumulated in the grass organization, which might lead to salt damage.The other indicators of turfgrass did not changed significantly with recycled water irrigation and application of Peat and Gypsum mixture, Wetting agents and Sand.
(4) After irrigating with SR,the EC, sodium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion and three kinds of nutrient elements of leachate were all changed significantly,but the contents of these indicators did not exceeded the highest level of the surface water quality standard, so,surface water composition will not be changed with SR for a short time irrigation.Besides,soil porosity was increased by application of Peat and Gypsum mixture,which caused the rise of leaching.So the content of calcium ion in leachate sample was increased significantly reaching to125.96mg/l, but other indicators did not changed significantly.
引文
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