大同盆地6个栽培树种耐盐能力评价及甘蒙柽柳耐盐性研究
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摘要
山西大同盆地地区土壤盐渍化严重。为了进行合理有效地生态修复与利用,本文首先在苗圃栽培甘蒙柽柳、枸杞、樟子松、杜松、白榆和新疆杨6个当地树种幼苗,以5%、3%、1%、0%(CK)4个盐浓度进行盐胁迫试验,并测定幼苗的形态特征、光合速率、气孔阻力、蒸腾速率、胞间C02含量及细胞膜透性等指标,进行综合评价,耐盐性从高到低依次为甘蒙柽柳>枸杞>樟子松>杜松>白榆>新疆杨。根据第一阶段的结果,利用盆栽方法研究不同浓度NaCl(0%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、4.0%)胁迫对甘蒙柽柳生长和生理特性的影响,探讨其耐盐性。结果表明,较低浓度(0.5%)的NaCl对植株各项生理指标影响很小；对较高浓度(1.0%、2.0%、4.0%)NaCl处理,植株在气孔调节、保护酶系统、渗透调节物质均能做出较快响应并能在胁迫的初期(前8d)维持相对正常生长,但随着胁迫时间的延长、NaCl浓度增加,植物生长受到明显影响,第8d时4.0%NaCl处理的植株相对电导率明显上升接近CK的4倍,MDA的含量与它成正相关关系；脯氨酸在甘蒙柽柳受到盐胁迫后逐渐上升而可溶性蛋白则在盐胁迫初期增加后期逐渐减小；3种保护酶活性在胁迫后均呈先升高后下降的趋势,其中SOD与CAT的活性在第14d达到最高,POD活性则是在第20d达到最高；叶片叶绿素含量、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率与Pn逐渐下降并呈正相关关系；叶片泌盐量逐渐增大,最大可达1.624mg/g。洗盐后,1%和2%NaCl处理的植株各项指标均可得到恢复,而4.0%NaCl处理的植株其各项指标很难恢复,但甘蒙柽柳从自身形态生长、保护酶调节,渗透调节等方面都表现出不错的耐盐性能力,能够在较高盐浓度土壤中生长。
Soil salinization is serious in Datong Basin.In order to carry out a reasonable and effective ecological restoration and utilization in the region, this article first cultivated six native tree species of Tamarix chinensis Lour.,Lycium chinense Miller var., Pinus sylvestris Linn. var. mongolica Litv. Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc.,Ulmus pumila L., Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis Bge. seedlings in the nursery, and irrigation treatment of NaCl with various levels of salt stress(0%,1%,3%,5%), researched the effects of salt stress on the morphological characteristics, photosynthetic rate, stomatal resistance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2content and membrane permeability and other indexs, And the result of comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance is:from high to low is Tamarix chinensis Lour.,Lycium chinense Miller var., Pinus sylvestris Linn. var. mongolica Litv., Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc.Ulmus pumila L., Populus alba L. var.pyramidalis Bge. After the first stage results, To understand the responses of Tamarix austromongolica Nakai to various levels of salt stress (0%,0.5%,1.0%,2.0%,4.0%) and discuss its salt tolerance, this paper conducted a study with pot experiments. NaCl at low concentration of0.5%has tiny effect on each physiological index of the plants. Upon treatment of NaCl at high concentrations of1.0%,2.0%and4.0%, the plants can quickly respond at stoma adjustment, protective enzyme system and osmotic regulation substances. The plants can maintain comparatively regular growth during the early treatment period (first8days). With time passing and the increase of NaCl concentration, obvious effects on plants'growth show up. On the8th day, relative conductivity of plants treated with NaCl concentration of4.0%obviously rises to4times of CK and MDA content has direct correlativity with relative conductivity. Praline content of Tamarix austromongolica Nakai under salt stress gradually rises, while soluble protein content increases in early treatment period and then gradually decreases. Activities of3protective enzymes all increase first and then decrease under salt stress. Activities of SOD and CAT reach the peak on the14th day, while the activity of POD reaches the peak on the20th day. Chlorophyll content in leaves, optimal photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ and Pn gradually decrease and have correlativity with each other, the leaves secrete salt gradually incr-eased up to1.624mg/g.. After salt-leaching, all the indices of plants treated with NaCl concentration of1%and2%can be recovered, while the indices of plants treated with NaCl concentration of4.0%can barely recover, but from their own form of growth, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant enzyme regulation of Tamarix austromongolica Nakai, have shown a good salt-tolerant capabilities, able to grow in the higher salt concentration in soil.
Soil salinization is serious in Datong Basin.In order to carry out a reasonable and effective ecological restoration and utilization in the region, this article first cultivated six native tree species of Tamarix chinensis Lour.,Lycium chinense Miller var., Pinus sylvestris Linn. var. mongolica Litv. Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc.,Ulmus pumila L., Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis Bge. seedlings in the nursery, and irrigation treatment of NaCl with various levels of salt stress(0%,1%,3%,5%), researched the effects of salt stress on the morphological characteristics, photosynthetic rate, stomatal resistance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2content and membrane permeability and other indexs, And the result of comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance is:from high to low is Tamarix chinensis Lour.,Lycium chinense Miller var., Pinus sylvestris Linn. var. mongolica Litv., Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc.Ulmus pumila L., Populus alba L. var.pyramidalis Bge. After the first stage results, To understand the responses of Tamarix austromongolica Nakai to various levels of salt stress (0%,0.5%,1.0%,2.0%,4.0%) and discuss its salt tolerance, this paper conducted a study with pot experiments. NaCl at low concentration of0.5%has tiny effect on each physiological index of the plants. Upon treatment of NaCl at high concentrations of1.0%,2.0%and4.0%, the plants can quickly respond at stoma adjustment, protective enzyme system and osmotic regulation substances. The plants can maintain comparatively regular growth during the early treatment period (first8days). With time passing and the increase of NaCl concentration, obvious effects on plants'growth show up. On the8th day, relative conductivity of plants treated with NaCl concentration of4.0%obviously rises to4times of CK and MDA content has direct correlativity with relative conductivity. Praline content of Tamarix austromongolica Nakai under salt stress gradually rises, while soluble protein content increases in early treatment period and then gradually decreases. Activities of3protective enzymes all increase first and then decrease under salt stress. Activities of SOD and CAT reach the peak on the14th day, while the activity of POD reaches the peak on the20th day. Chlorophyll content in leaves, optimal photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ and Pn gradually decrease and have correlativity with each other, the leaves secrete salt gradually incr-eased up to1.624mg/g.. After salt-leaching, all the indices of plants treated with NaCl concentration of1%and2%can be recovered, while the indices of plants treated with NaCl concentration of4.0%can barely recover, but from their own form of growth, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant enzyme regulation of Tamarix austromongolica Nakai, have shown a good salt-tolerant capabilities, able to grow in the higher salt concentration in soil.
引文
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