卫星导航定位系统高精度时间同步算法研究
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摘要
时间作为基础物理量,在各领域中都有十分重要的意义。高精度的时间比对技术是实现高精度时间系统的关键,也是建立卫星导航定位系统的重要技术基础之一,直接影响系统导航、定位以及授时精度。本文围绕卫星导航定位系统中高精度时间同步算法进行了系统地研究和探讨,主要内容如下:
1.简要回顾了时间同步技术在国内外的发展历程,论述了本论文研究的理论意义和实际应用价值。
2.推导了星地无线电双向时间比对法的基本计算模型。根据星地无线电双向时间比对法的基本原理,详细推导了该方法在地心惯性系中精确到卫星和地面站速度的二次幂以及加速度的一次幂的计算模型。
3.计算分析了星地无线电双向时间比对法基本计算模型中距离改正项时延对星地间相对钟差的影响量级。当采用GEO、GPS、GLONASS、Galileo卫星与地面站之间进行时问比对时,计算了模型中距离改正项时延对星地间相对钟差的影响量级,总结了在1ns和1ps的计算精度下分别需要考虑距离改正项中哪几项时延对星地间相对钟差的影响。
4.分析总结了各主要误差源对星地无线电双向法时间比对的影响。分析了主要误差源对时间比对结果的影响,总结了在不同的精度要求下各主要误差源需要达到的精度。
5.推导了Sagnac效应的计算模型。在卫星共视法时间比对中,以GEO、IGSO、MEO卫星为例,当地面站在赤道上和不在赤道上时,推导了这三种类型卫星在地心惯性系中Sagnac效应的具体表达式,编制了Sagnac效应的计算软件。
6.总结了其它几种相对论效应对时间传递的影响。总结了引力频移、时间膨胀、偏心率效应等其它几种相对论效应对时间传递的影响。
7.分析比较了几种时间预报模型的钟差预报效果。针对四颗不同时期发射的GPS卫星的卫星钟,对多项式模型、切比雪夫多项式模型以及灰色系统模型的短期、中长期钟差预报效果进行了分析和比较。
As a basic physical variable, time has very important meaning in every field. The technology of time comparison in high precision is the key in the realization of high precision time system, and it is also one of the important technologies in constructing the satellite navigation and positioning system, and it affects the precision of navigation, location and time transfer of the system directly. Then the high precision time synchronization method in satellite navigation and positioning system is systematically studied and discussed in this paper. The main works are summarized as follows:
1. The history of the technologies of time synchronization development at home and abroad is simply reviewed, and the theoretical meaning and practical application of this paper are dissertated.
2. According to the principle of the method of two-way satellite-ground time comparison by wireless radio, the computation model in the ECI frame, which is expanded to the second order of the velocity and the first order of acceleration of satellite and ground-station, is derived.
3. When having time comparison between the GEO, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo satellites and the ground-station, the influences magnitude of distance correction time delay in the computation model of the method of two-way satellite-ground time comparison by wireless radio on the relative satellite-ground clock bias have been computed and analyzed, and the influences of the items of distance correction time delay on the relative satellite-ground clock bias that should be accounted for are summarized in the 1ns and 1ps computation precision.
4. The influences of the main error sources to the method of two-way satellite-ground time comparison by wireless radio are analyzed and summarized, and the quantity levels that the error sources should reach are also summarized in different precision demands.
5. The detailed expressions of the Sagnac effect on GEO, IGSO, MEO satellites in the ECI frame are formulated when the ground-station is on the equator and the inverse aspect in the method of satellite common-view time comparison. The software of the computation of Sagnac effect is worked out.
6. The influences of the other relative effects on time transfer, such as the gravitational frequency shift, time dilation, eccentricity effect, and so on, are also analyzed and summarized.
7. Some basic models, such as the polynomial model, the interpolation model with Tchebytchev polynomials, and the gray system model, which are used to predict the clock bais of atomic clock in short- medium- and long-term, are discussed and analyzed, using four satellite clocks which were launched at different times.
1.简要回顾了时间同步技术在国内外的发展历程,论述了本论文研究的理论意义和实际应用价值。
2.推导了星地无线电双向时间比对法的基本计算模型。根据星地无线电双向时间比对法的基本原理,详细推导了该方法在地心惯性系中精确到卫星和地面站速度的二次幂以及加速度的一次幂的计算模型。
3.计算分析了星地无线电双向时间比对法基本计算模型中距离改正项时延对星地间相对钟差的影响量级。当采用GEO、GPS、GLONASS、Galileo卫星与地面站之间进行时问比对时,计算了模型中距离改正项时延对星地间相对钟差的影响量级,总结了在1ns和1ps的计算精度下分别需要考虑距离改正项中哪几项时延对星地间相对钟差的影响。
4.分析总结了各主要误差源对星地无线电双向法时间比对的影响。分析了主要误差源对时间比对结果的影响,总结了在不同的精度要求下各主要误差源需要达到的精度。
5.推导了Sagnac效应的计算模型。在卫星共视法时间比对中,以GEO、IGSO、MEO卫星为例,当地面站在赤道上和不在赤道上时,推导了这三种类型卫星在地心惯性系中Sagnac效应的具体表达式,编制了Sagnac效应的计算软件。
6.总结了其它几种相对论效应对时间传递的影响。总结了引力频移、时间膨胀、偏心率效应等其它几种相对论效应对时间传递的影响。
7.分析比较了几种时间预报模型的钟差预报效果。针对四颗不同时期发射的GPS卫星的卫星钟,对多项式模型、切比雪夫多项式模型以及灰色系统模型的短期、中长期钟差预报效果进行了分析和比较。
As a basic physical variable, time has very important meaning in every field. The technology of time comparison in high precision is the key in the realization of high precision time system, and it is also one of the important technologies in constructing the satellite navigation and positioning system, and it affects the precision of navigation, location and time transfer of the system directly. Then the high precision time synchronization method in satellite navigation and positioning system is systematically studied and discussed in this paper. The main works are summarized as follows:
1. The history of the technologies of time synchronization development at home and abroad is simply reviewed, and the theoretical meaning and practical application of this paper are dissertated.
2. According to the principle of the method of two-way satellite-ground time comparison by wireless radio, the computation model in the ECI frame, which is expanded to the second order of the velocity and the first order of acceleration of satellite and ground-station, is derived.
3. When having time comparison between the GEO, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo satellites and the ground-station, the influences magnitude of distance correction time delay in the computation model of the method of two-way satellite-ground time comparison by wireless radio on the relative satellite-ground clock bias have been computed and analyzed, and the influences of the items of distance correction time delay on the relative satellite-ground clock bias that should be accounted for are summarized in the 1ns and 1ps computation precision.
4. The influences of the main error sources to the method of two-way satellite-ground time comparison by wireless radio are analyzed and summarized, and the quantity levels that the error sources should reach are also summarized in different precision demands.
5. The detailed expressions of the Sagnac effect on GEO, IGSO, MEO satellites in the ECI frame are formulated when the ground-station is on the equator and the inverse aspect in the method of satellite common-view time comparison. The software of the computation of Sagnac effect is worked out.
6. The influences of the other relative effects on time transfer, such as the gravitational frequency shift, time dilation, eccentricity effect, and so on, are also analyzed and summarized.
7. Some basic models, such as the polynomial model, the interpolation model with Tchebytchev polynomials, and the gray system model, which are used to predict the clock bais of atomic clock in short- medium- and long-term, are discussed and analyzed, using four satellite clocks which were launched at different times.
引文
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[2]高玉平,王正明等,漆溢.GPS共视比对技术在综合原子时中的应用[J].时间频率学报,2004,27(2):81-86.
[3]郭海荣.导航卫星原子钟时频特性分析理论与方法研究[D].郑州:信息工程大学博士学位论文,2006.
[4]贺洪兵.基于GPS的高精度时间同步系统的研究设计[D].成都:四川大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[5]侯俊,马煦,常青.基于TWSTFT进行钟差预报方法分析[J].电视技术,2006,3:164-169.
[6]焦文海.卫星导航系统坐标基准建立问题的研究[D].上海:中国科学院上海天文台博士后研究工作报告,2003.
[7]李变.GPS共视时间比对中的几何时延改正[J].计算机测量与控制,2005,13(5):477-478.
[8]李树洲.卫星导航定位系统星地时间同步方法[J].测试技术与应用,2002,32(10):60-63.
[9]李欣,郭唐永,王培源等.国外激光时间比对进展[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(4):119-127.
[10]李鑫,杨福民.激光时间传递技术的进展[J].天文学进展,2004,22(1):10-22.
[11]梁双有,任燕.广播电视卫星高精度时间传递[J].宇航计测技术,2005,25(5):5-7.
[12]林昌华.时间同步与校频[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1990.
[13]刘基余.GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[14]刘利.相对论时间比对理论与高精度时间比对技术[D].郑州:信息工程大学博士学位论文,2004.
[15]刘利,寒春好.地心非旋转坐标系中的卫星双向时间比对计算模型[J].宇航计测技术,2004,24(1):34-39.
[16]刘利,寒春好.地心非旋转坐标系中TWSTFT计算模型[J].测绘学院学报,2004,21(2):96-99.
[17]刘利,韩春好.卫星双向时间比对及其误差分析[J].天文学进展,2004,22(3):219-226.
[18]刘利,秦永志.GPS卫星钟噪声类型分析[J].全球定位系统,2005,27-30.
[19]刘晓刚,刘雁雨,曹纪东.地心非旋转坐标系中卫星共视法时间比对计算模型[J].北京测绘:2008,1:4-7.
[20]刘晓刚,徐康,张波等.卫星共视法中Sagnac效应的计算[J].河南测绘,2007,4:6-11.
[21]路晓峰,贾小林,崔先强.灰色系统理论的优化方法及其在卫星钟差短期预报中的应用[J].测绘工程,2006,15(6):12-14.
[22]秦显平,崔先强,霍立业.星地时间比对的原理及实现[J].测绘科学与工程,2006,26(4):9-12.
[23]苏建峰,王正明.GPS共视时间比对中的电离层时延改正问题[J].时间频率学报,2003,26(2):144-152.
[24]孙宏伟,李志刚,李焕信等.卫星双向时间比对原理及比对误差估算[J].宇航计测技术,2001,21(2):55-58.
[25]王礼亮,王淑芳.影响卫星导航定位系统设备时延的主要因素[J].无线电工程,2005,35(8):6-8.
[26]王淑芳,王礼亮.卫星导航定位系统时间同步技术[J].全球定位系统,2005,10-14.
[27]王正明.高精度国际时间比对的进展[J].天文学进展,2000,18(3):182-191.
[28]夏一飞,黄天衣.球面天文学[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1995.
[29]徐劲松.GPS天线的恒温抗干扰系统的研制[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文,2006.
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