基于FPGA实现的扩频通信系统
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摘要
扩频通信系统与常规的通信系统相比，具有很强的抗人为干扰，抗窄带干扰，抗多径干扰的能力。并具有信息隐蔽、多址保密通信等特点。目前已从军事领域向民用领域发展。本论文主要讨论和实现了基于FPGA的扩频通信信号的基带处理。论文对扩频通信系统和FPGA设计方法进行了相关研究，尤其是对FPGA设计中的一些非常重要的严格同步问题进行了研究。最后用Xilinx公司的最新的FPGA开发平台ISE 4实现了一个基带扩频通信系统。
整个系统分为二部分，发送部分和接收部分。发送部分主要有串并处理、差分编码、PN码扩频、QPSK调制等模块。接收部分主要有数字下变频、数字匹配滤波器、积分清洗、功率检测、符号跟踪处理、差分解调、并串处理、自动频率跟踪处理等模块。
本论文工作的重点是在ISE 4开发平台上具体实现这个扩频系统，并对系统中的每个模块和整个系统进行相应的功能仿真和时序时延仿真。
论文的第一章介绍了扩频系统的特点以及相关扩频芯片的国内外发展现状，并介绍了本论文的研究思路和内容。
第二章主要介绍了论文所涉及的一些理论背景。主要是扩频系统的相关解扩、基带解调、同步以及扩频系统中的调制与解调技术。同时还介绍了用来实现这些模块的硬件描述语言—VHDL和Xilinx公司的ISE 4开发平台。
第三章给出了扩频通信系统的总体设计和发射及接收子系统的各个功能模块的实现分析以及在ISE 4上的实现细节。并进行了功能仿真和时序时延仿真，给出了仿真结果。
第四章主要介绍了在ISE 4上实现本系统时遇到的问题和解决的办法。重点讲述了FPGA设计中的严格同步问题，以及本人在ISE 4中应用VHDL进行设计时一些经验总结。
第五章主要是对论文工作的一些总结和对今后工作的展望。
附录中是论文中所有的源代码和底层的SCH(Schematic sheet)详细设计图。
The spread spectrum (SS) communication system has stronger ability of resisting jamming, narrow band, and multipath interference than that of the conservation communication systems. And it also has the characteristics of low probability of intercept and multiple access secure communication. Nowadays, the SS technology has expanded from the military field to the commercial field. This thesis primarily discussed the baseband processing of SS communication signal based field programmable gate array (FPGA) ASIC chip. The design technique of FPGA related to SS communication system has been discussed in this thesis. Especially, the strict synchronous which is important in FPGA design has been discussed. Finally, the SS baseband communication subsystem has been designed and implemented based on the FPGA development platform ISE 4 belonging to the U.S. Xilinx Company.
The total system can be divided into two parts, i.e., transmitter and receiver unit. The transmitter unit mainly consisted of the dibit-to-serial conversion, differential encoder, PN code generator and QPSK modulator and so on. The receiver unit mainly consisted of the digital down converter, matched filter, integration and dump module, power detector, symbol tracking processor, differential demodulator, parallel-to-serial conversion module, output processor and AFC module.
The emphases of this thesis are to implement the SS baseband communication system and to achieve behavior simulation and post-place&route simulation respectively on the platform of ISE 4.
Chapter one introduces the characteristics of the SS communication system and the development related .to SS ASIC chip at present in the world. It also introduces the outline and the research idea of the thesis.
Chapter two mainly introduces the background related to the theory. It contains the despread spectrum, baseband demodulation, synchronization and the technology of modulate and demodulate in the SS system. Meanwhile, it also introduces the design platform-ISE 4 of Xilinx Company and the VHDL-a sort of hardware design describe language.
In the chapter three, the analysis and the implement detail for all modules based on ISE 4, both transmitter and receiver unit, have been given in this section. The results of behavior and post-place&route simulation of all modules also have been represented.
The problems and their solutions in the course of implement the design have been described in the chapter four. Emphatically, the strict synchronization in the FPGA design has been discussed. And in this chapter, some experiences of using VHDL to design by the platform ISE 4 have been represented.
The summaries of the thesis and the possible extensions and improvements based on the completed system have been represented in the Chapter five.
Finally, all the VHDL program code and the diagram of schematic sheet design are shown in the appendix.
整个系统分为二部分，发送部分和接收部分。发送部分主要有串并处理、差分编码、PN码扩频、QPSK调制等模块。接收部分主要有数字下变频、数字匹配滤波器、积分清洗、功率检测、符号跟踪处理、差分解调、并串处理、自动频率跟踪处理等模块。
本论文工作的重点是在ISE 4开发平台上具体实现这个扩频系统，并对系统中的每个模块和整个系统进行相应的功能仿真和时序时延仿真。
论文的第一章介绍了扩频系统的特点以及相关扩频芯片的国内外发展现状，并介绍了本论文的研究思路和内容。
第二章主要介绍了论文所涉及的一些理论背景。主要是扩频系统的相关解扩、基带解调、同步以及扩频系统中的调制与解调技术。同时还介绍了用来实现这些模块的硬件描述语言—VHDL和Xilinx公司的ISE 4开发平台。
第三章给出了扩频通信系统的总体设计和发射及接收子系统的各个功能模块的实现分析以及在ISE 4上的实现细节。并进行了功能仿真和时序时延仿真，给出了仿真结果。
第四章主要介绍了在ISE 4上实现本系统时遇到的问题和解决的办法。重点讲述了FPGA设计中的严格同步问题，以及本人在ISE 4中应用VHDL进行设计时一些经验总结。
第五章主要是对论文工作的一些总结和对今后工作的展望。
附录中是论文中所有的源代码和底层的SCH(Schematic sheet)详细设计图。
The spread spectrum (SS) communication system has stronger ability of resisting jamming, narrow band, and multipath interference than that of the conservation communication systems. And it also has the characteristics of low probability of intercept and multiple access secure communication. Nowadays, the SS technology has expanded from the military field to the commercial field. This thesis primarily discussed the baseband processing of SS communication signal based field programmable gate array (FPGA) ASIC chip. The design technique of FPGA related to SS communication system has been discussed in this thesis. Especially, the strict synchronous which is important in FPGA design has been discussed. Finally, the SS baseband communication subsystem has been designed and implemented based on the FPGA development platform ISE 4 belonging to the U.S. Xilinx Company.
The total system can be divided into two parts, i.e., transmitter and receiver unit. The transmitter unit mainly consisted of the dibit-to-serial conversion, differential encoder, PN code generator and QPSK modulator and so on. The receiver unit mainly consisted of the digital down converter, matched filter, integration and dump module, power detector, symbol tracking processor, differential demodulator, parallel-to-serial conversion module, output processor and AFC module.
The emphases of this thesis are to implement the SS baseband communication system and to achieve behavior simulation and post-place&route simulation respectively on the platform of ISE 4.
Chapter one introduces the characteristics of the SS communication system and the development related .to SS ASIC chip at present in the world. It also introduces the outline and the research idea of the thesis.
Chapter two mainly introduces the background related to the theory. It contains the despread spectrum, baseband demodulation, synchronization and the technology of modulate and demodulate in the SS system. Meanwhile, it also introduces the design platform-ISE 4 of Xilinx Company and the VHDL-a sort of hardware design describe language.
In the chapter three, the analysis and the implement detail for all modules based on ISE 4, both transmitter and receiver unit, have been given in this section. The results of behavior and post-place&route simulation of all modules also have been represented.
The problems and their solutions in the course of implement the design have been described in the chapter four. Emphatically, the strict synchronization in the FPGA design has been discussed. And in this chapter, some experiences of using VHDL to design by the platform ISE 4 have been represented.
The summaries of the thesis and the possible extensions and improvements based on the completed system have been represented in the Chapter five.
Finally, all the VHDL program code and the diagram of schematic sheet design are shown in the appendix.
引文
[1] 查光明，熊贤祚．扩频通信，西安电子科技大学出版社．1990
[2] J．K．Holmes著．梁振兴，蔡开基译．相干扩展频谱系统．国防工业出版社．1991
[3] 朱近康．扩展频谱通信及其应用．中国科学技术大学出版社．合肥1993
[4] MARVIN K.SIMON, JIM K.OMURA, ROBERT A. SCHOLTZ, BARRY K. LEVITT SPREAD SPECTRUM. Communications Handbook. McGraw-Hill Companies. 2002
[5] Ziemer, Rodger E. Digital Communications and Spread Spectrum Systems. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. 1985
[6] R.A Scholtz, "The origins of spread-spectrum communications," IEEE Trans. Commun.,COM-30, May 1982
[7] R.A Scholtz, "Notes on spread-spectrum history," IEEE Trans. Commun.,COM-31, Jan 1983
[8] 王秉均，孙学军等．扩频通信．天津大学出版社 1993
[9] R.Price, "Further notes and anecdotes on Spread-Spectrum origins", IEEE Trans. Commun, COM-31 Jan 1983
[10] W.R.Bennett, "Secret Telephony as a historical Example of Spread-Spectrum Communication", IEEE Trans.Commun.,COM-31 Jan 1983
[11] 易斌，扩频通信新进展—混沌扩频．现代通信2002第8期
[12] 乔继红，可编程逻辑器件的发展及其应用，北京轻工业学院学报．第17卷第3．期
[13] 陆绍强，FPGA将逐渐取代ASIC和ASSP．电子产品世界．2002年9月
[14] Xilinx的FPGA平台计划．http://www.epc.com.cn
[15] Xilinx发布下一代FPGA：Virtex-Ⅱ系列．http://www.epc.com.cn
[16] 王乐毅．EDA设计方法与技术．青岛化工学院学报．第22卷第1期2001年3月
[17] 张军．ASIC技术的特点与应用．信息技术．2001年9期
[18] 何丽娟，周春晖泽，硬件正在变软．计算机时代．2000年第4期
[19] DSP与FPGA的应用比较．电科集团30研究所3室内部论坛
[20] STEL-2000A data sheet, http://www.xilinx.com/products
[21] 郭峰等．无限局域网．西安电子科技大学出版社．2000
[22] DSP解决之道，北京瑞泰可创新科技有限责任公司，2002
[23] DSP／协处理器组合优化3G基站．www.chinaECNet.com
[24] 梁玉红，黄晓林．基于EDA技术的CPLD／FPGA应用前景．广东自动化与信息工程．2001年第二期
[25] 刘宏杰．FPGA可编程逻辑器件发展动态，电子技术参考．2001第一卷第二期
[26] 侯伯亨，顾新著．VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计．西安电子科技大学出版社．1997，9。
[27] 朱明程．Xilinx数字系统现场集成技术．东南大学出版社，2001
[28] 曹志刚，钱亚生，现代通信原理．北京：清华大学出版社，1992
[29] Wayne Tomasi, Advaced electronic communications systems. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall U.S
[30] 王士林等著．现代数字调制技术．北京：人民邮电出版社 1987
[31] VHDL在新一代EDA解决方案中的应用．http://www.ccw.com.cn/center
[32] ISE4.li Software Manual. http://support.xilinx.com
[33] 潘松，王国栋．VHDL实用教程．成都：电子科技大学出版社，2000
[34] 硬体描述语言VHDL与Verilog设计讨论-2．http://www.icdiy.org/article
[35] VLSI Baseband Devices for Spread Spectrum Radio.http://www. isi.edu/asd/gumps
[36] 马翔，冯正和，陈雅琴．HSP3824扩频通信芯片的功能及应用．通讯与电视，2001年第3期
[37] 刘丽敏，田日才．使用直接序列扩频芯片SX043实现高增益扩频Modem．电子技术应用．2002年第9期
[38] SX043 user's manual. American Microsysytems, INC, 1996
[39] 石峥嵘，张华．用在DS中的Z87200芯片．世界产品与技术，2000年3月
[40] STEL-2000A. http://apps.intel.com
[41] Harris Technical Brief. June 1999 http://www. harris.com
[42] 赵洪，扩频技术的发展及在民用通信中的应用，通信技术与发展，1995年第6期
[43] 刘婷婷．微电子技术与片上系统(SOC)简介．广东白云职业技术学院&广州白云工商高级技工学校学报．2002年2期
[44] 电科集团电子30研究所一室内部资料
[45] harris product data sheet. http://www. harris.com/product-programs.html
[46] ispLSI. http://www. latticesemi.com
[47] what is programmable logic. http://www. xilinx-china.com
[48] http://www.xilinx.com/company/press/grounder. html
[49] Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). http://www.cmpe.boun.edu .tr/～emre/research/msthesis/node 11 .html
[50] Virtex 2.5V Field Programmable Gate Arrays DSO03. Xilinx公司, 2000
[51] SSS online's Spread Spectrum Library. http://www. sss-mag.com
[52] 杨小华，楼才义．软件无线电原理与应用．北京：电子工业出版社，1999
[53] 张更新，张杭等，卫星移动通信系统．人民邮电出版社．2001
[54] Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) V3.0. by Xilinx U.S
[55] FD-Based Shift Register V4.0. by Xilinx U.S
[56] Bit Correlator V2.0. by Xilinx U.S
[57] The Progarmmable Logic Data Book. by Xilinx U.S, 1996
[58] Kevin Skabill著，朱明程，孙普译．可编程逻辑系统的VHDL设计技术．东南大学出版社．1998，9
[59] 北京理工大学ASIC研究所．VHDL语言100例详解，北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[60] DataSource. http://www. xilinx.com
[2] J．K．Holmes著．梁振兴，蔡开基译．相干扩展频谱系统．国防工业出版社．1991
[3] 朱近康．扩展频谱通信及其应用．中国科学技术大学出版社．合肥1993
[4] MARVIN K.SIMON, JIM K.OMURA, ROBERT A. SCHOLTZ, BARRY K. LEVITT SPREAD SPECTRUM. Communications Handbook. McGraw-Hill Companies. 2002
[5] Ziemer, Rodger E. Digital Communications and Spread Spectrum Systems. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. 1985
[6] R.A Scholtz, "The origins of spread-spectrum communications," IEEE Trans. Commun.,COM-30, May 1982
[7] R.A Scholtz, "Notes on spread-spectrum history," IEEE Trans. Commun.,COM-31, Jan 1983
[8] 王秉均，孙学军等．扩频通信．天津大学出版社 1993
[9] R.Price, "Further notes and anecdotes on Spread-Spectrum origins", IEEE Trans. Commun, COM-31 Jan 1983
[10] W.R.Bennett, "Secret Telephony as a historical Example of Spread-Spectrum Communication", IEEE Trans.Commun.,COM-31 Jan 1983
[11] 易斌，扩频通信新进展—混沌扩频．现代通信2002第8期
[12] 乔继红，可编程逻辑器件的发展及其应用，北京轻工业学院学报．第17卷第3．期
[13] 陆绍强，FPGA将逐渐取代ASIC和ASSP．电子产品世界．2002年9月
[14] Xilinx的FPGA平台计划．http://www.epc.com.cn
[15] Xilinx发布下一代FPGA：Virtex-Ⅱ系列．http://www.epc.com.cn
[16] 王乐毅．EDA设计方法与技术．青岛化工学院学报．第22卷第1期2001年3月
[17] 张军．ASIC技术的特点与应用．信息技术．2001年9期
[18] 何丽娟，周春晖泽，硬件正在变软．计算机时代．2000年第4期
[19] DSP与FPGA的应用比较．电科集团30研究所3室内部论坛
[20] STEL-2000A data sheet, http://www.xilinx.com/products
[21] 郭峰等．无限局域网．西安电子科技大学出版社．2000
[22] DSP解决之道，北京瑞泰可创新科技有限责任公司，2002
[23] DSP／协处理器组合优化3G基站．www.chinaECNet.com
[24] 梁玉红，黄晓林．基于EDA技术的CPLD／FPGA应用前景．广东自动化与信息工程．2001年第二期
[25] 刘宏杰．FPGA可编程逻辑器件发展动态，电子技术参考．2001第一卷第二期
[26] 侯伯亨，顾新著．VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计．西安电子科技大学出版社．1997，9。
[27] 朱明程．Xilinx数字系统现场集成技术．东南大学出版社，2001
[28] 曹志刚，钱亚生，现代通信原理．北京：清华大学出版社，1992
[29] Wayne Tomasi, Advaced electronic communications systems. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall U.S
[30] 王士林等著．现代数字调制技术．北京：人民邮电出版社 1987
[31] VHDL在新一代EDA解决方案中的应用．http://www.ccw.com.cn/center
[32] ISE4.li Software Manual. http://support.xilinx.com
[33] 潘松，王国栋．VHDL实用教程．成都：电子科技大学出版社，2000
[34] 硬体描述语言VHDL与Verilog设计讨论-2．http://www.icdiy.org/article
[35] VLSI Baseband Devices for Spread Spectrum Radio.http://www. isi.edu/asd/gumps
[36] 马翔，冯正和，陈雅琴．HSP3824扩频通信芯片的功能及应用．通讯与电视，2001年第3期
[37] 刘丽敏，田日才．使用直接序列扩频芯片SX043实现高增益扩频Modem．电子技术应用．2002年第9期
[38] SX043 user's manual. American Microsysytems, INC, 1996
[39] 石峥嵘，张华．用在DS中的Z87200芯片．世界产品与技术，2000年3月
[40] STEL-2000A. http://apps.intel.com
[41] Harris Technical Brief. June 1999 http://www. harris.com
[42] 赵洪，扩频技术的发展及在民用通信中的应用，通信技术与发展，1995年第6期
[43] 刘婷婷．微电子技术与片上系统(SOC)简介．广东白云职业技术学院&广州白云工商高级技工学校学报．2002年2期
[44] 电科集团电子30研究所一室内部资料
[45] harris product data sheet. http://www. harris.com/product-programs.html
[46] ispLSI. http://www. latticesemi.com
[47] what is programmable logic. http://www. xilinx-china.com
[48] http://www.xilinx.com/company/press/grounder. html
[49] Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). http://www.cmpe.boun.edu .tr/～emre/research/msthesis/node 11 .html
[50] Virtex 2.5V Field Programmable Gate Arrays DSO03. Xilinx公司, 2000
[51] SSS online's Spread Spectrum Library. http://www. sss-mag.com
[52] 杨小华，楼才义．软件无线电原理与应用．北京：电子工业出版社，1999
[53] 张更新，张杭等，卫星移动通信系统．人民邮电出版社．2001
[54] Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) V3.0. by Xilinx U.S
[55] FD-Based Shift Register V4.0. by Xilinx U.S
[56] Bit Correlator V2.0. by Xilinx U.S
[57] The Progarmmable Logic Data Book. by Xilinx U.S, 1996
[58] Kevin Skabill著，朱明程，孙普译．可编程逻辑系统的VHDL设计技术．东南大学出版社．1998，9
[59] 北京理工大学ASIC研究所．VHDL语言100例详解，北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[60] DataSource. http://www. xilinx.com