地壳运动引起的重力场变化特征
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摘要
地壳的运动和变形引起的重力场时空变化是卫星重力测量的目标之一,同时对地壳运动模型的研究也是地学上的热点之一。在此基础上,以重力场变化为纽带,将卫星重力与地壳运动模型结合起来,研究地壳运动引起的区域重力场变化成为一种新的探索。
1、介绍了卫星重力探测技术的发展及其在地学中的应用,并对国内外与重力测量有关的地壳变形模型的研究概况进行了总体上的阐述。
2、系统的介绍了GRACE卫星计划及主要的重力场模型、GRACE数据计算区域重力场变化的基本原理。在深刻掌握这些基本原理的基础上,主要在重力场模型精度计算、Legendre函数计算、以及高斯平滑计算上做了一些研究工作,并计算了GRACE卫星09-02s不同阶次地球重力场变化。
3、推导了直立长方体重力异常公式,建立了直立长方体重力异常计算模型。根据该模型分别进行了单个块体在发生伸缩运动、平移运动后引起的重力异常变化的数值模拟,并分析了单个块体在发生这些运动后,重力异常变化的一些特征。最后对直立长方体模型做了进一步的扩展,使其形成多单元块体组合的模型。
4、详细的参考了中国西部地区的地质构造背景及主要构造运动特征,并用GRACE卫星观测数据计算了西部地区(2009-2004)年120阶(GSM)的重力异常变化。最后运用已有的GPS观测资料,分别在不考虑地形变化和考虑地形变化两种情况下,模拟计算了中国西部地区在印度板块作用下的水平运动过程引起的地球外部重力场变化的分布,并结合地质资料将其与卫星重力观测结果进行对比,分析了中国西部地区重力场变化特征,以及造成这两种计算结果差异的因素。
Variation features of gravity field caused by crustal movement and deformation is one of the objectives of satellite gravity survey. At the same time, the model of crustal movement is another hot-problem. Combined satellite gravity survey with crustal movement model, the research on the variation of regional gravity field caused by crustal motion has become a new exploration based on the gravity field variation.
1. The paper describes the development of satellite gravity detection technology and its application in geology. Then, describes the movements and deformation of crystal'models about gravity survey at home and abroad.
2. The GRACE satellite system, the major gravity field models and the basic principles of using GRACE data to calculate the changes of gravity field are introduced. The following works are mainly completed based on understanding the basis of those principles: calculation of the accuracy of gravity field model, calculation of Legendre function, and calculation of Gaussian smoothing. Finally, give the Earth’s gravity field changes about GRACE satellite 09-02s on different orders.
3. Derived formula of gravity anomalies about vertical rectangular, established a model of gravity anomalies about vertical rectangular. According to the model to simulate the gravity field changes, inclued a single block's gravity anomalies after telescopic movement and translational motion respectively. And analysis the characteristics of gravity anomalies of a single block in the event of the exercise. Finally, do a vertical rectangular model further expanded to form a multi-unit block model.
4. Give a more detailed reference to the geological structure of western China and the major tectonic movement characteristics of the background. Then, use GRACE satellite data of GSM (2009-2004) in 120 bands to calculated gravity anomalies in the western region. And use the existing GPS observations to simulate the distributions of external gravitational field under two situations (taking into account the changes in topography and disregard of the changes in topography),Which movements on western region of China are caused by the action of the Indian plate. Finally, by comparing the satellite gravity results and the simulated results (combined with geological data), analysis of the gravity field in western China variations and differences caused by these two factors results are given.
1、介绍了卫星重力探测技术的发展及其在地学中的应用,并对国内外与重力测量有关的地壳变形模型的研究概况进行了总体上的阐述。
2、系统的介绍了GRACE卫星计划及主要的重力场模型、GRACE数据计算区域重力场变化的基本原理。在深刻掌握这些基本原理的基础上,主要在重力场模型精度计算、Legendre函数计算、以及高斯平滑计算上做了一些研究工作,并计算了GRACE卫星09-02s不同阶次地球重力场变化。
3、推导了直立长方体重力异常公式,建立了直立长方体重力异常计算模型。根据该模型分别进行了单个块体在发生伸缩运动、平移运动后引起的重力异常变化的数值模拟,并分析了单个块体在发生这些运动后,重力异常变化的一些特征。最后对直立长方体模型做了进一步的扩展,使其形成多单元块体组合的模型。
4、详细的参考了中国西部地区的地质构造背景及主要构造运动特征,并用GRACE卫星观测数据计算了西部地区(2009-2004)年120阶(GSM)的重力异常变化。最后运用已有的GPS观测资料,分别在不考虑地形变化和考虑地形变化两种情况下,模拟计算了中国西部地区在印度板块作用下的水平运动过程引起的地球外部重力场变化的分布,并结合地质资料将其与卫星重力观测结果进行对比,分析了中国西部地区重力场变化特征,以及造成这两种计算结果差异的因素。
Variation features of gravity field caused by crustal movement and deformation is one of the objectives of satellite gravity survey. At the same time, the model of crustal movement is another hot-problem. Combined satellite gravity survey with crustal movement model, the research on the variation of regional gravity field caused by crustal motion has become a new exploration based on the gravity field variation.
1. The paper describes the development of satellite gravity detection technology and its application in geology. Then, describes the movements and deformation of crystal'models about gravity survey at home and abroad.
2. The GRACE satellite system, the major gravity field models and the basic principles of using GRACE data to calculate the changes of gravity field are introduced. The following works are mainly completed based on understanding the basis of those principles: calculation of the accuracy of gravity field model, calculation of Legendre function, and calculation of Gaussian smoothing. Finally, give the Earth’s gravity field changes about GRACE satellite 09-02s on different orders.
3. Derived formula of gravity anomalies about vertical rectangular, established a model of gravity anomalies about vertical rectangular. According to the model to simulate the gravity field changes, inclued a single block's gravity anomalies after telescopic movement and translational motion respectively. And analysis the characteristics of gravity anomalies of a single block in the event of the exercise. Finally, do a vertical rectangular model further expanded to form a multi-unit block model.
4. Give a more detailed reference to the geological structure of western China and the major tectonic movement characteristics of the background. Then, use GRACE satellite data of GSM (2009-2004) in 120 bands to calculated gravity anomalies in the western region. And use the existing GPS observations to simulate the distributions of external gravitational field under two situations (taking into account the changes in topography and disregard of the changes in topography),Which movements on western region of China are caused by the action of the Indian plate. Finally, by comparing the satellite gravity results and the simulated results (combined with geological data), analysis of the gravity field in western China variations and differences caused by these two factors results are given.
引文
[1]朱广彬.利用GRACE位模型研究陆地水储量的时变特征(硕士论文).中国测绘科学研究院,2007.5.
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[3]陈俊勇.重力卫星和测高卫星五年来的进展[J].测绘科学,2005.10.
[4]王正涛.卫星重力探测技术与最新进展.中国测绘科学研究院学术沙龙.2006.
[5]吴星,刘雁雨.多种超高阶次缔合勒让德函数计算方法的比较[J].测绘科学技术学报,2006,23(3)：188-191.
[6]吴星,张传定.一类球谐函数与三角函数乘积积分的计算[J].测绘科学,2004,28(6)：54-57
[7]张强,刘林.关于勒让德多项式的算法问题[J].紫金山天文台台刊,1996,15(4)：259-283
[8]Holmes S A, Featherstone W E.A unified approach to the Clenshaw summation and the recursive computation of very high degree and order normalized associated Legendre functions [J]. Journal of Geodesy,2002,76:279-299.
[9]Colombo O L. Numerical methods for harmonic analysis on the sphere[R]. Rep310, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,1981.
[10]Wahr J, Molenaar M, Bryan F. JGR,1998,103(B12):30205
[11]郭俊义.物理大地测量学基础[M].武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1994.
[12]黄城,胡小工.GRACE重力计划在揭示地球系统质量重新分布中的应用[J].天文学进展2004,22(1)：35-43.
[13]周旭华,许厚泽.用GRACE卫星跟踪数据反演地球重力场.
[14]GRACE Gravity Modle EIGEN-GRACE02S. http://www-app2.gfz-potsdam.de/
[15]Han S-C, etal. Non-isotropic filtering of GRACE temporal gravity for geophysical signals enhancement [J]. Geophys J Int,2005,163:18-25.
[16]Shin-Chan Han and Shum C K. Crustal dilation observed by GRACE after the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake[J].sicence,2006,313:658-662.
[17]Srinivas Bettadpur. Level-2 Gravity Filed Product User Handbook. Center for Space Research, the University of Texas at Austin,2007.
[18]Wahr John, Molenaar.M, Bryan F,1998. Time variability of the Earth's gravity filed:hydrological and oceanic effects and the impossible detection using GRACE [J]. Geophys Res,103,30205-30229.
[19]吴利平,詹军,田军锋.基于GRACE卫星重力测量资料监测中国大陆及邻区陆地水储量变化.科技资讯2009(19)：6-8.
[20]肖荣健.地球重力场模型及其在隧道测量中的应用(硕士论文).西南交通大学,2007年3月.
[21]GRACE Mission,2002,http://isdc.gfz-potsdam.de/
[22]王锋堂.地球重力场模型EGM96三维可视化(硕士论文).首都师范大学2004：1-15.
[23]胡明成.现代大地测量学理论及应甩[M].测绘出版社,2003：295-298.
[24]陆仲连,吴晓平.人造地球卫星与地球重力场[M].测绘出版社,1994.
[25]胡明成,鲁福.现代大地测量学(上册)[M].测绘出版社,1993：392-493.
[26]王谦身.重力学[M].地震出版社,2003.
[27]徐煜坚,罗焕炎.华北北部地区地质模型与强震迁移[M].地震出版社,1985.
[28]赖锡安,黄立人,徐菊生等.中国大陆现今地壳运动[M].地震出版社2004.8.
[29]李祥根.中国新构造运动概论[M].地震出版社2003.
[30]丁国瑜,卢演俦.中国岩石圈动力学概论[M].北京：地震出版社,1991.142-153.
[31]国家地震局地质研究所,云南省地震局.滇西北地区活动断裂[M].地震出版社1990.
[32]王琪,中国大陆现今地壳运动研究[J].地震学报2003,25(5)453-464.
[33]陈小斌,中国陆地现今水平形变状况及其驱动机制[J].中国科学2007,37(8)：1056-1064.
[34]方剑,利用卫星重力数据计算地球内部密度异常[J].地球物理学报1994,9(3)：60-65
[35]Zorin Y,Cordell L.Crustal extension in the Baikal rift zone [J]. Tectonophysics,1991,198:117-121.
[36]Zonenshain L P,Savostin L A.Geodynamics of the Baikal rift zone and plate, tectonics of Asia[J].Tectonophysics,1981,76:1-45.
[37]刘卫华,魏东平.中国西部活动地块运动模型的建立及其运动学分析[J].地震2006,26(2)：45-53
[38]王琪,张培震,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场[J].地学前沿2002,9(2)：415-429.
[39]牛之俊,王敏,孙汉荣,孙建中等.中国大陆现今地壳运动速度场的最新观测结果[J].科学通报2005,50(8)839-840.
[40]张培震,王琪,马宗晋,中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前沿2002,9(2)430-441.
[41]丁国瑜,卢演俦.对我国现代板内运动状态的初步探讨[J].科学通报.1986,31(18)：1412-1413.
[42]甘卫军,沈正康,张培震.青藏高原地壳水平差异运动的GPS观测研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学2004：24(1).
[43]傅容珊,徐耀民,黄建华,李力刚.青藏高原挤压隆升过程的数值模拟[J].地球物理学报2000：43(3).
[44]王辉,张国民,石耀霖,张怀,刘杰.青藏活动地块区运动与变形特征的数值模拟[J].大地测量与地球动力学2006：26(2).
[45]傅容珊,黄建华,徐耀民.印度与欧亚板块碰撞的数值模拟和现代中国大陆形变[J].地震学报2000：22(1).
[2]王正涛.卫星跟踪卫星测量确定地球重力场的理论与方法(博士论文).武汉大学.2005.3.
[3]陈俊勇.重力卫星和测高卫星五年来的进展[J].测绘科学,2005.10.
[4]王正涛.卫星重力探测技术与最新进展.中国测绘科学研究院学术沙龙.2006.
[5]吴星,刘雁雨.多种超高阶次缔合勒让德函数计算方法的比较[J].测绘科学技术学报,2006,23(3)：188-191.
[6]吴星,张传定.一类球谐函数与三角函数乘积积分的计算[J].测绘科学,2004,28(6)：54-57
[7]张强,刘林.关于勒让德多项式的算法问题[J].紫金山天文台台刊,1996,15(4)：259-283
[8]Holmes S A, Featherstone W E.A unified approach to the Clenshaw summation and the recursive computation of very high degree and order normalized associated Legendre functions [J]. Journal of Geodesy,2002,76:279-299.
[9]Colombo O L. Numerical methods for harmonic analysis on the sphere[R]. Rep310, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio,1981.
[10]Wahr J, Molenaar M, Bryan F. JGR,1998,103(B12):30205
[11]郭俊义.物理大地测量学基础[M].武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1994.
[12]黄城,胡小工.GRACE重力计划在揭示地球系统质量重新分布中的应用[J].天文学进展2004,22(1)：35-43.
[13]周旭华,许厚泽.用GRACE卫星跟踪数据反演地球重力场.
[14]GRACE Gravity Modle EIGEN-GRACE02S. http://www-app2.gfz-potsdam.de/
[15]Han S-C, etal. Non-isotropic filtering of GRACE temporal gravity for geophysical signals enhancement [J]. Geophys J Int,2005,163:18-25.
[16]Shin-Chan Han and Shum C K. Crustal dilation observed by GRACE after the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake[J].sicence,2006,313:658-662.
[17]Srinivas Bettadpur. Level-2 Gravity Filed Product User Handbook. Center for Space Research, the University of Texas at Austin,2007.
[18]Wahr John, Molenaar.M, Bryan F,1998. Time variability of the Earth's gravity filed:hydrological and oceanic effects and the impossible detection using GRACE [J]. Geophys Res,103,30205-30229.
[19]吴利平,詹军,田军锋.基于GRACE卫星重力测量资料监测中国大陆及邻区陆地水储量变化.科技资讯2009(19)：6-8.
[20]肖荣健.地球重力场模型及其在隧道测量中的应用(硕士论文).西南交通大学,2007年3月.
[21]GRACE Mission,2002,http://isdc.gfz-potsdam.de/
[22]王锋堂.地球重力场模型EGM96三维可视化(硕士论文).首都师范大学2004：1-15.
[23]胡明成.现代大地测量学理论及应甩[M].测绘出版社,2003：295-298.
[24]陆仲连,吴晓平.人造地球卫星与地球重力场[M].测绘出版社,1994.
[25]胡明成,鲁福.现代大地测量学(上册)[M].测绘出版社,1993：392-493.
[26]王谦身.重力学[M].地震出版社,2003.
[27]徐煜坚,罗焕炎.华北北部地区地质模型与强震迁移[M].地震出版社,1985.
[28]赖锡安,黄立人,徐菊生等.中国大陆现今地壳运动[M].地震出版社2004.8.
[29]李祥根.中国新构造运动概论[M].地震出版社2003.
[30]丁国瑜,卢演俦.中国岩石圈动力学概论[M].北京：地震出版社,1991.142-153.
[31]国家地震局地质研究所,云南省地震局.滇西北地区活动断裂[M].地震出版社1990.
[32]王琪,中国大陆现今地壳运动研究[J].地震学报2003,25(5)453-464.
[33]陈小斌,中国陆地现今水平形变状况及其驱动机制[J].中国科学2007,37(8)：1056-1064.
[34]方剑,利用卫星重力数据计算地球内部密度异常[J].地球物理学报1994,9(3)：60-65
[35]Zorin Y,Cordell L.Crustal extension in the Baikal rift zone [J]. Tectonophysics,1991,198:117-121.
[36]Zonenshain L P,Savostin L A.Geodynamics of the Baikal rift zone and plate, tectonics of Asia[J].Tectonophysics,1981,76:1-45.
[37]刘卫华,魏东平.中国西部活动地块运动模型的建立及其运动学分析[J].地震2006,26(2)：45-53
[38]王琪,张培震,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场[J].地学前沿2002,9(2)：415-429.
[39]牛之俊,王敏,孙汉荣,孙建中等.中国大陆现今地壳运动速度场的最新观测结果[J].科学通报2005,50(8)839-840.
[40]张培震,王琪,马宗晋,中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前沿2002,9(2)430-441.
[41]丁国瑜,卢演俦.对我国现代板内运动状态的初步探讨[J].科学通报.1986,31(18)：1412-1413.
[42]甘卫军,沈正康,张培震.青藏高原地壳水平差异运动的GPS观测研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学2004：24(1).
[43]傅容珊,徐耀民,黄建华,李力刚.青藏高原挤压隆升过程的数值模拟[J].地球物理学报2000：43(3).
[44]王辉,张国民,石耀霖,张怀,刘杰.青藏活动地块区运动与变形特征的数值模拟[J].大地测量与地球动力学2006：26(2).
[45]傅容珊,黄建华,徐耀民.印度与欧亚板块碰撞的数值模拟和现代中国大陆形变[J].地震学报2000：22(1).