西部大学生经济价值观问卷的初步编制与实测
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摘要
经济价值观是指人们对与经济生活领域中的一些事物和所从事的经济行为及其结果相关所持有的一种价值观念、价值判断及价值评价的意识观念体系。本研究在文献综述和心理学、经济学专家访谈的基础上,结合对大学生经济价值观的开放式问卷调查、个别访谈等方法,提出了大学生经济价值观的理论维度构想,并编制了大学生经济价值观问卷,经过初测并修订最后形成正式问卷,并对其信效度进行了检验。本研究用正式的“大学生经济价值观问卷”对重庆市几所高校的648名在校大学生进行了调查研究,并对经济价值观在大学生的性别、专业分类、年级分类、生源地以及家庭月收入等因素上进行了分析,初步考察了西部大学生经济价值观的特点。
本研究结果表明:
(1)大学生经济价值观是一个多层次多维度的心理结构。我们从两个层次进行了探讨:第一层次是将大学生经济价值观划分为经济价值目标、经济价值手段和经济价值评价。第二层次是在经济价值目标下划分出三个维度:自我发展、物质追求和社会发展;在经济价值手段下划分为知行结合、内外条件和投机运气三个维度;在经济价值评价下划分出目标评价和手段评价两个维度。
(2)在理论构想的基础上编制出初测问卷,对350人进行了测量,对数据进行了项目分析、探索性分析得出正式问卷,并进行了信度、效度检验,各项指标都较好,说明该问卷可以作为测量大学生经济价值观的适宜工具。
(3)运用正式问卷在重庆市范围内选取了三所大学共648人进行调查。结果发现经济价值观的各个维度和分量表在性别、年级、生源地、专业、家庭月收入等社会人口学变量上存在不同程度的显著性差异。但总体来说大学生目前在经济价值观上呈现出如下特点:经济价值目标多元化、经济价值手段复合性以及经济价值评价积极性。
Economic values refers to the concept systems people have to help them estimating and judging when encountering the economy affairs. Based on an open-ended interviews, overviews of former studies, counseling of experts of economic and psychology, the author brought up a theoretical hypothesis about economic values. Economic values questionnaire are constructed according to the hypothesis. After the analysis and revise of the informal questionnaire, we develop the formal questionnaire and verify its reliability and validity. We use the formal questionnaire to investigate 648 undergraduates to find some characters of them and we test the structure of economic values by Structural Equation Model. The main results of this study are as follows:
1. The undergraduates' economic values are a multi-level and multi-dimensional model. We research it at two levels. At the first level economic values consist of values of economic goals, values of economic means and values of economic estimate. At the second level the values of economic goals includes the goals about self- development, Materialism and Social development inclination; the values of economic means consists of theory go into practice, add outside help to industrious, opportunistic; and the values of economic estimate includes two dimensions: estimate to goals and estimate to means.
2. On the base of the theoretical hypothesis, we form the elementary questionnaire and investigate 350 undergraduates. We develop the formal questionnaire by item analysis and factor analysis. The index of reliability and validity is good. All of above shows the undergraduates' economic values questionnaire is a scale suitable to measure the undergraduates' economic values.
3. We use the formal questionnaire to survey 648 undergraduates from 3 universities in Chongqing. Demo logical variables, such as gender, grade, origin, etc. The effect is statically significant in some dimensions. In the whole, the undergraduates' economic values shows the characteristics as follows: firstly, multiplicity of the values of economic goals ; secondly, compound of the values of entrepreneurship means; finally, optimism of the values of economic estimate.
本研究结果表明:
(1)大学生经济价值观是一个多层次多维度的心理结构。我们从两个层次进行了探讨:第一层次是将大学生经济价值观划分为经济价值目标、经济价值手段和经济价值评价。第二层次是在经济价值目标下划分出三个维度:自我发展、物质追求和社会发展;在经济价值手段下划分为知行结合、内外条件和投机运气三个维度;在经济价值评价下划分出目标评价和手段评价两个维度。
(2)在理论构想的基础上编制出初测问卷,对350人进行了测量,对数据进行了项目分析、探索性分析得出正式问卷,并进行了信度、效度检验,各项指标都较好,说明该问卷可以作为测量大学生经济价值观的适宜工具。
(3)运用正式问卷在重庆市范围内选取了三所大学共648人进行调查。结果发现经济价值观的各个维度和分量表在性别、年级、生源地、专业、家庭月收入等社会人口学变量上存在不同程度的显著性差异。但总体来说大学生目前在经济价值观上呈现出如下特点:经济价值目标多元化、经济价值手段复合性以及经济价值评价积极性。
Economic values refers to the concept systems people have to help them estimating and judging when encountering the economy affairs. Based on an open-ended interviews, overviews of former studies, counseling of experts of economic and psychology, the author brought up a theoretical hypothesis about economic values. Economic values questionnaire are constructed according to the hypothesis. After the analysis and revise of the informal questionnaire, we develop the formal questionnaire and verify its reliability and validity. We use the formal questionnaire to investigate 648 undergraduates to find some characters of them and we test the structure of economic values by Structural Equation Model. The main results of this study are as follows:
1. The undergraduates' economic values are a multi-level and multi-dimensional model. We research it at two levels. At the first level economic values consist of values of economic goals, values of economic means and values of economic estimate. At the second level the values of economic goals includes the goals about self- development, Materialism and Social development inclination; the values of economic means consists of theory go into practice, add outside help to industrious, opportunistic; and the values of economic estimate includes two dimensions: estimate to goals and estimate to means.
2. On the base of the theoretical hypothesis, we form the elementary questionnaire and investigate 350 undergraduates. We develop the formal questionnaire by item analysis and factor analysis. The index of reliability and validity is good. All of above shows the undergraduates' economic values questionnaire is a scale suitable to measure the undergraduates' economic values.
3. We use the formal questionnaire to survey 648 undergraduates from 3 universities in Chongqing. Demo logical variables, such as gender, grade, origin, etc. The effect is statically significant in some dimensions. In the whole, the undergraduates' economic values shows the characteristics as follows: firstly, multiplicity of the values of economic goals ; secondly, compound of the values of entrepreneurship means; finally, optimism of the values of economic estimate.
引文
[1]辞源.北京:商务印书馆.1988,7
[2]谭志惠 余世勇.新编政治经济学,科学技术文献出版社,2003年8月第一版,P1-P2
[3]张进辅.现代青年心理学,重庆出版社,P255
[4]张进辅 童琦 毕重增.生育价值观的理论构建及问卷的初步编制.心理学报.2005,37(5):665-673
[5]于海波 张大均 张进辅.高师生职业价值观研究的初步构想.西南大学学报(人文社会科学版).2001,27(2):61-66
[6]凌文辁 方俐洛 白利刚.我国大学生的职业价值观研究.心理学报.1999,31(3):342-348
[7]阴国恩 戴斌荣 金东贤.大学生职业选择和职业价值观的调查研究.心理发展与教育.2000,4:38-60
[8]金盛华 李雪.大学生职业价值观:手段与目的.心理学报.2005,37(5):650-657
[9]葛缨 张进辅 冯春.五个不同行业从业者的职业人际价值观.中国临床康复.2005,16(9):70-72
[10]余华 黄希庭.大学生与内地企业员工职业价值观的比较研究.心理科学.2000,23(6),739-740
[11]周莉.国内经济价值观研究述评.理论月刊.2005,12:158-160
[12]宫敬才.论经济价值观.学海.2000,1:44-50
[13]张启春.大学生经济价值观与人生价值观的相互作用与影响.黑龙江高等教育.2000:86-88
[14]李霞.中国当代大学生的经济价值观研究综述.山西财经大学学报.2006,28(1):188
[15]李祚山.大学生经济自我的理论与实证研究.博士学位论文.重庆:西南大学,2007
[16]涂艳.当代大学生价值观矛盾现状透视.贵州社会主义学院学报.2007,1:60-62
[17]周虹 曾宪玉赵华朋.当代中国东西部大学生经济价值观比较研究.河北建筑科技学院学报(社科版).2005,22(1):127-129
[18]罗石.东西部大学生经济价值观比较分析.青年研究.2004,1:31-37
[19]杨桂华.市场经济与社会的价值观念.理论与现代化.2005,94(5):23-25
[20]顾爱华.论市场经济对大学生价值观的影响.辽宁行政学院学报.2004,6(6):123-124
[21]侯凤英.大连海事大学学报(社会科学版).2006,5(4):132-135
[22]卫雪.社会主义市场经济条件下青年知识分子价值观研究.硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2005
[23]石绍华 郑钢 高晶 唐洪 陈毅文 虞积生 张梅玲.北京中学生的消费价值观和消费行为.心理学报.2002,34(6):616-625
[24]史清敏 余继爱 罗威林 金盛华.深圳与北京中学生价值观特点比较研究.心理发展与教育.2002,47-51
[25]杜林致 乐国安.中国大学生金钱心理特征及其与自我价值关系研究.心理科学.2003,26(5):915-916
[26]Michael W.Allen,Sik Hung Ng,David Leiser.Adult economic model and values survey:Cross-national differences in economic beliefs.Journal of Economic Psychology.26(2005):159-185
[27]Adrian Furnham.The relationship between work and economic values.Journal of Economic Psychology.18(1997):1-14
[28]O'Brien,Mary Utne,Ingels,Steven J.The Development of the Economics Values Inventory.National Opinion Research Center,University of Chicago.
[29]Adrian Fumham.The relationship between work and economic values.Journal of Economic Psychology.18(1997):1-14
[30]刘庆龙,袁衡斌.凸现中的大学生经济价值观透视.青年研究.1995,7:26-34
[31]Edith Smit,Fred Bronner,Maarten Tolboom.Brand relationship quality and its value for personal contact.Journal of Business Research.60(2007):627-633
[32]Maurizio Pugno.Economics and the self:A formalisation of self-determination theory.The Journal of Socio-Economics.2007:1-19
[33]Stephen E.G.Lea,Paul Webley.In search of the economic self.The Journal of Socio-Economics 34(2005):585-604
[2]谭志惠 余世勇.新编政治经济学,科学技术文献出版社,2003年8月第一版,P1-P2
[3]张进辅.现代青年心理学,重庆出版社,P255
[4]张进辅 童琦 毕重增.生育价值观的理论构建及问卷的初步编制.心理学报.2005,37(5):665-673
[5]于海波 张大均 张进辅.高师生职业价值观研究的初步构想.西南大学学报(人文社会科学版).2001,27(2):61-66
[6]凌文辁 方俐洛 白利刚.我国大学生的职业价值观研究.心理学报.1999,31(3):342-348
[7]阴国恩 戴斌荣 金东贤.大学生职业选择和职业价值观的调查研究.心理发展与教育.2000,4:38-60
[8]金盛华 李雪.大学生职业价值观:手段与目的.心理学报.2005,37(5):650-657
[9]葛缨 张进辅 冯春.五个不同行业从业者的职业人际价值观.中国临床康复.2005,16(9):70-72
[10]余华 黄希庭.大学生与内地企业员工职业价值观的比较研究.心理科学.2000,23(6),739-740
[11]周莉.国内经济价值观研究述评.理论月刊.2005,12:158-160
[12]宫敬才.论经济价值观.学海.2000,1:44-50
[13]张启春.大学生经济价值观与人生价值观的相互作用与影响.黑龙江高等教育.2000:86-88
[14]李霞.中国当代大学生的经济价值观研究综述.山西财经大学学报.2006,28(1):188
[15]李祚山.大学生经济自我的理论与实证研究.博士学位论文.重庆:西南大学,2007
[16]涂艳.当代大学生价值观矛盾现状透视.贵州社会主义学院学报.2007,1:60-62
[17]周虹 曾宪玉赵华朋.当代中国东西部大学生经济价值观比较研究.河北建筑科技学院学报(社科版).2005,22(1):127-129
[18]罗石.东西部大学生经济价值观比较分析.青年研究.2004,1:31-37
[19]杨桂华.市场经济与社会的价值观念.理论与现代化.2005,94(5):23-25
[20]顾爱华.论市场经济对大学生价值观的影响.辽宁行政学院学报.2004,6(6):123-124
[21]侯凤英.大连海事大学学报(社会科学版).2006,5(4):132-135
[22]卫雪.社会主义市场经济条件下青年知识分子价值观研究.硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2005
[23]石绍华 郑钢 高晶 唐洪 陈毅文 虞积生 张梅玲.北京中学生的消费价值观和消费行为.心理学报.2002,34(6):616-625
[24]史清敏 余继爱 罗威林 金盛华.深圳与北京中学生价值观特点比较研究.心理发展与教育.2002,47-51
[25]杜林致 乐国安.中国大学生金钱心理特征及其与自我价值关系研究.心理科学.2003,26(5):915-916
[26]Michael W.Allen,Sik Hung Ng,David Leiser.Adult economic model and values survey:Cross-national differences in economic beliefs.Journal of Economic Psychology.26(2005):159-185
[27]Adrian Furnham.The relationship between work and economic values.Journal of Economic Psychology.18(1997):1-14
[28]O'Brien,Mary Utne,Ingels,Steven J.The Development of the Economics Values Inventory.National Opinion Research Center,University of Chicago.
[29]Adrian Fumham.The relationship between work and economic values.Journal of Economic Psychology.18(1997):1-14
[30]刘庆龙,袁衡斌.凸现中的大学生经济价值观透视.青年研究.1995,7:26-34
[31]Edith Smit,Fred Bronner,Maarten Tolboom.Brand relationship quality and its value for personal contact.Journal of Business Research.60(2007):627-633
[32]Maurizio Pugno.Economics and the self:A formalisation of self-determination theory.The Journal of Socio-Economics.2007:1-19
[33]Stephen E.G.Lea,Paul Webley.In search of the economic self.The Journal of Socio-Economics 34(2005):585-604