油墨配色理论与实验研究
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摘要
随着信息社会的发展,人们对高档精美包装产品的需求越来越大。包装产品外观颜色和企业形象标志颜色的独有品牌效应,吸引了众多的消费者。尽管目前国内外很多专家对计算机配色进行了大量的科研研究,取得了不少成果,但是算法存在造价高、颜色色差大两个主要问题。本课题以配色算法为主要研究对象,目的在于针对上述难题,开发出一种成本低、色差小的配色算法软件,为配色应用提供理论和技术依据。应用该成果可保证包装专色颜色的一致性,达到统一企业品牌形象的效果,增强企业在市场经济中的竞争力。
运用色度学和油墨的相关理论,从二维颜色空间入手,分析了计算机配色算法设计的合理性;通过实验验证,获得基本数据库的组成特点。用IGT印刷适性仪印刷色样模拟传统胶印,进行配色实验。最后运用相关系数分析法、非线性回归分析法、样条插值法计算配方,用主客观评价相结合的综合评价方式和同色异谱指数分析配方颜色。
对深色油墨的色相和主波长之间的相关关系进行了理论和实验分析,得到了两者之间的函数关系;在二维颜色空间中提出了一种新的计算机配色算法;将色度学理论与样条插值结合起来,采用Delphi编写了配色软件;实验验证实际采用配色的三原色油墨墨层厚度和实地密度之间的关系,确定关系式中的参数;进行配色实验,并对实验结果进行了综合评价。
主要结论:在二维颜色空间中实现了颜色匹配,配色软件基础数据量减少,配方计算一般历时12～500毫秒,降低了配色的时间成本。由色相和主波长的函数关系式可知,一个确定的颜色不止有一个光谱分布曲线,这与专色配色采用同色异谱匹配颜色的结论相吻合。确定了实际使用油墨墨层厚度和实地密度关系式中的参数。IGT打样得到的配方颜色最小色差为1.6211,比精细产品对色差的最低要求提高了46%,满足了高档精美包装产品对外观颜色的要求。
With the development of information society, people’s need of slap-up and high quality packaging products is more and more. Numerous consumers were attracted by the particular trademark effect of packaging products appearance color and enterprise image logo color. Nowadays, many internal and external experts have done much research on computer color matching and obtained many fruits. But there are two main problems which are high cost in algorithm and large color difference. The color matching algorithm was the main study object. Aimed at the two problems, the thesis’s purpose was to put forward a kind of color matching software with low cost and small color difference. This software can provide theory and technique foundation for color matching. The results would make the spot color of packaging products consistent, unify the enterprise trademark image and enhance the enterprise’s competing power.
The study methods: First, the design rationality of color matching algorithm was analyzed with colorimetry and ink theory in plane color space. Then, the database characteristic was acquired from experiment. Furthermore, color matching experiment was finished by IGT simulating traditional offset. Lastly, the formula color was analyzed with metamerism index and subjective and impersonal method after the formula was got by coefficient analysis, non-linear regression analysis and Spline interpolation method.
The main works: (1)The function relation between pure ink color hue and domain wavelength was obtained by theoretic and experimental study, a kind of new computer color matching algorithm was brought forward. (2) The color matching software was programmed with Delphi by combining colorimetry theory with Spline interpolation method. (3) The relation between practical primary ink thickness and solid density was proved, the parameters have made certain. (4) After color mixing experiment was finished, the experimental result was evaluated by synthetical methods.
The conclusions: (1) Color matching was completed in plane color space which decreased the data quantity, reduced the color matching system time cost. Calculating formula needed 12～500ms. (2) One certain color was often corresponding with more than one spectral reflective curve from the function relation formula between hue and domain wavelength. The result coincided with the conclusion that metamerism was used to spot color matching. (3) The parameters were gained through the relation experiment of practical ink thickness and solid density. (4) The minimal color difference was 1.6211. The minimum has increased 46% comparing with the minimum of fine print product, which satisfying color appearance demands of high-quality packaging products.
运用色度学和油墨的相关理论,从二维颜色空间入手,分析了计算机配色算法设计的合理性;通过实验验证,获得基本数据库的组成特点。用IGT印刷适性仪印刷色样模拟传统胶印,进行配色实验。最后运用相关系数分析法、非线性回归分析法、样条插值法计算配方,用主客观评价相结合的综合评价方式和同色异谱指数分析配方颜色。
对深色油墨的色相和主波长之间的相关关系进行了理论和实验分析,得到了两者之间的函数关系;在二维颜色空间中提出了一种新的计算机配色算法;将色度学理论与样条插值结合起来,采用Delphi编写了配色软件;实验验证实际采用配色的三原色油墨墨层厚度和实地密度之间的关系,确定关系式中的参数;进行配色实验,并对实验结果进行了综合评价。
主要结论:在二维颜色空间中实现了颜色匹配,配色软件基础数据量减少,配方计算一般历时12～500毫秒,降低了配色的时间成本。由色相和主波长的函数关系式可知,一个确定的颜色不止有一个光谱分布曲线,这与专色配色采用同色异谱匹配颜色的结论相吻合。确定了实际使用油墨墨层厚度和实地密度关系式中的参数。IGT打样得到的配方颜色最小色差为1.6211,比精细产品对色差的最低要求提高了46%,满足了高档精美包装产品对外观颜色的要求。
With the development of information society, people’s need of slap-up and high quality packaging products is more and more. Numerous consumers were attracted by the particular trademark effect of packaging products appearance color and enterprise image logo color. Nowadays, many internal and external experts have done much research on computer color matching and obtained many fruits. But there are two main problems which are high cost in algorithm and large color difference. The color matching algorithm was the main study object. Aimed at the two problems, the thesis’s purpose was to put forward a kind of color matching software with low cost and small color difference. This software can provide theory and technique foundation for color matching. The results would make the spot color of packaging products consistent, unify the enterprise trademark image and enhance the enterprise’s competing power.
The study methods: First, the design rationality of color matching algorithm was analyzed with colorimetry and ink theory in plane color space. Then, the database characteristic was acquired from experiment. Furthermore, color matching experiment was finished by IGT simulating traditional offset. Lastly, the formula color was analyzed with metamerism index and subjective and impersonal method after the formula was got by coefficient analysis, non-linear regression analysis and Spline interpolation method.
The main works: (1)The function relation between pure ink color hue and domain wavelength was obtained by theoretic and experimental study, a kind of new computer color matching algorithm was brought forward. (2) The color matching software was programmed with Delphi by combining colorimetry theory with Spline interpolation method. (3) The relation between practical primary ink thickness and solid density was proved, the parameters have made certain. (4) After color mixing experiment was finished, the experimental result was evaluated by synthetical methods.
The conclusions: (1) Color matching was completed in plane color space which decreased the data quantity, reduced the color matching system time cost. Calculating formula needed 12～500ms. (2) One certain color was often corresponding with more than one spectral reflective curve from the function relation formula between hue and domain wavelength. The result coincided with the conclusion that metamerism was used to spot color matching. (3) The parameters were gained through the relation experiment of practical ink thickness and solid density. (4) The minimal color difference was 1.6211. The minimum has increased 46% comparing with the minimum of fine print product, which satisfying color appearance demands of high-quality packaging products.
引文
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【2】 赵晨飞,刘昕.计算机油墨配色系统.印刷技术[J].2003(10)
【3】 金远同.电脑测色配色技术的回顾与进展.染料工业[J] .1999,36(5):32～36
【4】 Point S Software Company.CMYK2 Creates Process Color Tint Charts. Seybold Report on Desktop Publishing[R].1995,10 (4):32
【5】 Mark Shaw,Mark Fairchild. Evaluating the 1931CIE Color-Matching Functions[R]. Color Research and Application. 2002 (27):316～329
【6】 冯瑞乾.印刷原理与工艺[M].北京:印刷工业出版社.1999:85～102
【7】 Robert T .Marcus,Kenny Thomas,Kim Galloway. Computer Color Formulation and Batch Correction Software State-Of-The-Art. Color learning /Html. http://www.datacolor.com/color_experts_021006.sHtml.2004-11-3
【8】 Spectra match. Typical Color Formulation and Quality-Control Software Functions. Painting &Coatings Industry[J].1998,14(2):61～63
【9】 Jaime A. Gomez. The New Generation of Color Matching& Correction: Working Smarter with Today’s Software—Five Improvements in Color Formulation Technology for the Coating Industry.Painting& Coatings Industry[J].2002,18(9):88～91
【10】 Robert Marcus. Concentrate On Color-Matching, Not the Computer: Chromacalc's Auto formulates Feature. Color learning/ Html. http://www.datacolor.com/color_experts_030902.shtml.2004-12-5
【11】 Olmsted,Robert. Pro-palette--Advanced Color Formulation. Paint & Ink International[J].1997,10(4):4～8
【12】 薛朝华.颜色科学与计算机测色配色实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2004(1):2～4,54～58,109～120
【13】 X-Rite. Manage color with-xrite. Ink/Pdf. http://www.xrite.com/home.aspx.2004-11-8
【14】 DataColor. Revolutionary Color Matching. Products /Pdf. http://www.datacolor.com. 2004-11-8
【15】 Ciba. Ciba Colibri QuichMatch. Products /Pdf. http://www.cibasc.com/.2004-12-16
【16】 Barco. Textile products & systems.Products&Solutions/Html. http://www.barco.com.2004-12-16
【17】 Hunterlab. ColorQuest? XE and ColorQuest? XE-Touch Spectrophotometers The Cost Effective Color Measurement System. Products /Html.http://www.hunterlab.com.2004-11-8
【18】 Treepoint. PRISMA Dyestuff Recipe Caculation. Products /Pdf. http://www.treepoint.com.2004-10-20
【19】 GretagMacbeth. Color Products&Services /Html. http://www.gretagmacbeth.com.2004-12-7
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【21】 王汩.关于国产电子计算机测色配色软件研制的探讨.纺织学报[J].1994(7):19～22
【22】 思维士(SRICI)计算机测色配色系统.科技成果/Html. http://www.chinatech.com.cn/aspx/achieve/table.aspx?id=jwd0004000009.2004-12-15
【23】 许小文.印刷色彩配色理论研究与软件开发[D].西安:西安理工大学.1991
【24】 西安理工大学科技开发部.密度电脑配色系统.管理机构/Html. http://std.xaut.edu.cn/CX_tgxm.asp?NewsID=67#detalPoint.2004-11-20
【25】 刘昕.计算机反射光谱法配色的研究.印刷标准化[J].1997(2):15～18
【26】 赵晨飞.计算机配色的理论与实践研究[D].西安:西安理工大学.2004
【27】 祁永清.凹版印刷专色配色数学模型及应用的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学.2004
【28】 芦宁.色彩方程在印刷包装应用中的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学.2004
【29】 刘俊杰.胶版印刷专色油墨的计算机配色方法[D].西安:西安理工大学.2005
【30】 陈亚雄,金澜.一种基于分色测色的印刷油墨配色数学模型.北京印刷学院学报[J].1998,6(2):21～25
【31】 刘诗德,周炳俊.计算机屏幕颜色印刷色谱的研究与实现.测绘学院学报[J].2000,17(3):197～200
【32】 包学诚.国内外电脑配色仪的发展和应用.现代科学仪器[J].1995(3):38～40
【33】 中国纺织经济信息网.企业库/Html. http://www.ctei.gov.cn/cntex/business/pro_view.asp?h_prod_id=4855&dwmc=%B1%B1%BE%A9%CA%D0%D0%CB%B9%E2%B2%E2%C9%AB%D2%C7%C6%F7%B9%AB%CB%BE.2004-10-10
【34】 现代仿真工程检测研究中心.品管检验环保设备/Html. http://www.chivykarl.com.cn/Cepeise.htm.2004-10-11
【35】 华妍公司.http://www.hyan.org/ccmink/ccm.htm.2004-12-1
【36】 印刷工业技术研究中心.印研中心/Html. http://www.ptri.org.tw/Research/R930331.htm.2004-11-28
【37】 黄文.计算机测配色系统的屏幕颜色仿真技术.广西大学学报[J].1996(6):134～136
【38】 KMS 颜色科技有限公司.染化室设备/Html. http://www.kmscolor.com/CkmsLabCCM.htm.2004-10-30
【39】 李戎,潘玮,顾峰等.计算机测配色的历史与现状.北京纺织[J].1994,15(7):59～63
【40】 上海正裕色彩软件有限公司.YP 电脑配色系统/Html. http://www.ypcolor.com/ypdnps/yptd.htm.2004-11-16
【41】 刘昕.胶版印刷工艺原理[M].北京:印刷工业出版社.2000(9):161～170, 274~275
【42】 Technical Services Department Hunter Association Laboratory,Inc. XYZ-CIE Tri-stimulus Values. Application Note[J].1996,8(1)
【43】 胡成发.印刷色彩与色度学[M].北京:印刷工业出版社.1993(2):253～254
【44】 大中华印艺网.印艺书库/Html. http://www.cgan.net/book/books/print/packcolor/link/5-4-2.html.2004-11-29
【45】 邓建中.计算方法[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.2001(8):73～79
【46】 DataColor. Is metamerism undermining your color approvals? Search results for Metamerism.PRODUCTS:OTHER.http://www.datacolor.com/cgibin/texis.exe/webinator/datacolorsearch?cb=1142232227465&query=Metamerism.2004-11-6
【47】 全国印刷标准化技术委员会编.常用印刷标准解读[S].北京:印刷工业出版社.2005(6):13~27
【48】 UU 信息网.软件/Html. http://www.uuinfo.com/Soft/Intro/develop/Delphi/200412/120.html.2004-10-22
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【50】 游佳,何健鹰.Delphi 与 Matlab 接口以及脱离 Matlab 运行.计算机与数字工程[J].2004,32(6):21～23
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【52】 张清浦.色谱[M].北京:测绘出版社.1987
【2】 赵晨飞,刘昕.计算机油墨配色系统.印刷技术[J].2003(10)
【3】 金远同.电脑测色配色技术的回顾与进展.染料工业[J] .1999,36(5):32～36
【4】 Point S Software Company.CMYK2 Creates Process Color Tint Charts. Seybold Report on Desktop Publishing[R].1995,10 (4):32
【5】 Mark Shaw,Mark Fairchild. Evaluating the 1931CIE Color-Matching Functions[R]. Color Research and Application. 2002 (27):316～329
【6】 冯瑞乾.印刷原理与工艺[M].北京:印刷工业出版社.1999:85～102
【7】 Robert T .Marcus,Kenny Thomas,Kim Galloway. Computer Color Formulation and Batch Correction Software State-Of-The-Art. Color learning /Html. http://www.datacolor.com/color_experts_021006.sHtml.2004-11-3
【8】 Spectra match. Typical Color Formulation and Quality-Control Software Functions. Painting &Coatings Industry[J].1998,14(2):61～63
【9】 Jaime A. Gomez. The New Generation of Color Matching& Correction: Working Smarter with Today’s Software—Five Improvements in Color Formulation Technology for the Coating Industry.Painting& Coatings Industry[J].2002,18(9):88～91
【10】 Robert Marcus. Concentrate On Color-Matching, Not the Computer: Chromacalc's Auto formulates Feature. Color learning/ Html. http://www.datacolor.com/color_experts_030902.shtml.2004-12-5
【11】 Olmsted,Robert. Pro-palette--Advanced Color Formulation. Paint & Ink International[J].1997,10(4):4～8
【12】 薛朝华.颜色科学与计算机测色配色实用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2004(1):2～4,54～58,109～120
【13】 X-Rite. Manage color with-xrite. Ink/Pdf. http://www.xrite.com/home.aspx.2004-11-8
【14】 DataColor. Revolutionary Color Matching. Products /Pdf. http://www.datacolor.com. 2004-11-8
【15】 Ciba. Ciba Colibri QuichMatch. Products /Pdf. http://www.cibasc.com/.2004-12-16
【16】 Barco. Textile products & systems.Products&Solutions/Html. http://www.barco.com.2004-12-16
【17】 Hunterlab. ColorQuest? XE and ColorQuest? XE-Touch Spectrophotometers The Cost Effective Color Measurement System. Products /Html.http://www.hunterlab.com.2004-11-8
【18】 Treepoint. PRISMA Dyestuff Recipe Caculation. Products /Pdf. http://www.treepoint.com.2004-10-20
【19】 GretagMacbeth. Color Products&Services /Html. http://www.gretagmacbeth.com.2004-12-7
【20】 郑宝海.现代电脑测色配色技术的新进展.天津纺织工学院学报[J].1997,16(1):88～92
【21】 王汩.关于国产电子计算机测色配色软件研制的探讨.纺织学报[J].1994(7):19～22
【22】 思维士(SRICI)计算机测色配色系统.科技成果/Html. http://www.chinatech.com.cn/aspx/achieve/table.aspx?id=jwd0004000009.2004-12-15
【23】 许小文.印刷色彩配色理论研究与软件开发[D].西安:西安理工大学.1991
【24】 西安理工大学科技开发部.密度电脑配色系统.管理机构/Html. http://std.xaut.edu.cn/CX_tgxm.asp?NewsID=67#detalPoint.2004-11-20
【25】 刘昕.计算机反射光谱法配色的研究.印刷标准化[J].1997(2):15～18
【26】 赵晨飞.计算机配色的理论与实践研究[D].西安:西安理工大学.2004
【27】 祁永清.凹版印刷专色配色数学模型及应用的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学.2004
【28】 芦宁.色彩方程在印刷包装应用中的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学.2004
【29】 刘俊杰.胶版印刷专色油墨的计算机配色方法[D].西安:西安理工大学.2005
【30】 陈亚雄,金澜.一种基于分色测色的印刷油墨配色数学模型.北京印刷学院学报[J].1998,6(2):21～25
【31】 刘诗德,周炳俊.计算机屏幕颜色印刷色谱的研究与实现.测绘学院学报[J].2000,17(3):197～200
【32】 包学诚.国内外电脑配色仪的发展和应用.现代科学仪器[J].1995(3):38～40
【33】 中国纺织经济信息网.企业库/Html. http://www.ctei.gov.cn/cntex/business/pro_view.asp?h_prod_id=4855&dwmc=%B1%B1%BE%A9%CA%D0%D0%CB%B9%E2%B2%E2%C9%AB%D2%C7%C6%F7%B9%AB%CB%BE.2004-10-10
【34】 现代仿真工程检测研究中心.品管检验环保设备/Html. http://www.chivykarl.com.cn/Cepeise.htm.2004-10-11
【35】 华妍公司.http://www.hyan.org/ccmink/ccm.htm.2004-12-1
【36】 印刷工业技术研究中心.印研中心/Html. http://www.ptri.org.tw/Research/R930331.htm.2004-11-28
【37】 黄文.计算机测配色系统的屏幕颜色仿真技术.广西大学学报[J].1996(6):134～136
【38】 KMS 颜色科技有限公司.染化室设备/Html. http://www.kmscolor.com/CkmsLabCCM.htm.2004-10-30
【39】 李戎,潘玮,顾峰等.计算机测配色的历史与现状.北京纺织[J].1994,15(7):59～63
【40】 上海正裕色彩软件有限公司.YP 电脑配色系统/Html. http://www.ypcolor.com/ypdnps/yptd.htm.2004-11-16
【41】 刘昕.胶版印刷工艺原理[M].北京:印刷工业出版社.2000(9):161～170, 274~275
【42】 Technical Services Department Hunter Association Laboratory,Inc. XYZ-CIE Tri-stimulus Values. Application Note[J].1996,8(1)
【43】 胡成发.印刷色彩与色度学[M].北京:印刷工业出版社.1993(2):253～254
【44】 大中华印艺网.印艺书库/Html. http://www.cgan.net/book/books/print/packcolor/link/5-4-2.html.2004-11-29
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