银行印鉴识别系统
摘要
在现代社会中，印章是代表机关、团体、企业、事业单位的鉴证标志，往往代表着一个国家政党、团体、单位及公民的重要权益。
针对目前国内外伪造印章的经济、刑事犯罪现象日益突出的情况，传统的手工验印手段在防伪性能和效率上都难以控制高水平、跨地区的伪造印章犯罪，因此从银行结算电子化、网络化、实时化和提高防伪技术水平、防止犯罪等各个方面来说，均需发展印鉴识别自动检测技术。
通过银行印签识别系统的开发和使用，用计算机来指导生成标准的加密印章，主要是通过生成印鉴上的字及图案的纹理来进行加密。该纹理以曲线为基本组成元素，通过简单线和复杂线的组合形成纹理。根据组成纹理的曲线的特性给出特征值，做为以后印鉴识别的标准。
需要进行印鉴核对时，通过与计算机终端相连接的图像采集器件将印鉴以图形的形式输入到计算机，计算机将根据已经设定好的程序，快速调出预留的标准印鉴，自动完成印鉴的真伪鉴别。通过电脑对印鉴的自动判别和安全保管，实现了印鉴管理的电子化、智能化，使客户印鉴和帐户管理快速、简单、可靠。
In modern society, seal is the lesson certificate sign of representative office, organization, enterprise and institution , often represents a important rights of national political party, organization, unit and citizen.
According to the present economic crime condition with increasingly outstanding phenomenon of faking seal in domestic and international, traditional manually examine of seal is hard to control the faking seal crime which is on a high level and across area in defending fake performance and efficiency. Therefore it is need to develop seal identification automatic detective technology on bank settlement, electroniclize , network and timely to raise the defending fake technical level and prevent committing crimes.
Through the use and development of identification system of bank seal, computer is used to guide the standard encryption seal.It realizes mostly depending on decrypting texture of the letter or design in the seal . This texture is made up of curve, through the combination of the simple curve and complicated curve to form the texture. According to the requests of fake performance and interference immunity, the complicated curve is entered of the disturbing quantity. Depending on the character of the curve that make up of texture, it gives the eigenvalue as the standard of seal identification.
When there is a requirement of carrying out seal to check , the image collection ware which is linked to the computer terminal input the seal into the computer with the form of graph. Computer deals with the image on the basis of the programme has been set and moves out the standard seal and encrypt information.Then the computer distinguishes the seal automaticly. Through the automatic distinguish and safe storage to the seal with the computer, it comes true that the seal management is electronicalized and intellectualized, which makes the management of client's seal and account fast, simple and reliable.
针对目前国内外伪造印章的经济、刑事犯罪现象日益突出的情况，传统的手工验印手段在防伪性能和效率上都难以控制高水平、跨地区的伪造印章犯罪，因此从银行结算电子化、网络化、实时化和提高防伪技术水平、防止犯罪等各个方面来说，均需发展印鉴识别自动检测技术。
通过银行印签识别系统的开发和使用，用计算机来指导生成标准的加密印章，主要是通过生成印鉴上的字及图案的纹理来进行加密。该纹理以曲线为基本组成元素，通过简单线和复杂线的组合形成纹理。根据组成纹理的曲线的特性给出特征值，做为以后印鉴识别的标准。
需要进行印鉴核对时，通过与计算机终端相连接的图像采集器件将印鉴以图形的形式输入到计算机，计算机将根据已经设定好的程序，快速调出预留的标准印鉴，自动完成印鉴的真伪鉴别。通过电脑对印鉴的自动判别和安全保管，实现了印鉴管理的电子化、智能化，使客户印鉴和帐户管理快速、简单、可靠。
In modern society, seal is the lesson certificate sign of representative office, organization, enterprise and institution , often represents a important rights of national political party, organization, unit and citizen.
According to the present economic crime condition with increasingly outstanding phenomenon of faking seal in domestic and international, traditional manually examine of seal is hard to control the faking seal crime which is on a high level and across area in defending fake performance and efficiency. Therefore it is need to develop seal identification automatic detective technology on bank settlement, electroniclize , network and timely to raise the defending fake technical level and prevent committing crimes.
Through the use and development of identification system of bank seal, computer is used to guide the standard encryption seal.It realizes mostly depending on decrypting texture of the letter or design in the seal . This texture is made up of curve, through the combination of the simple curve and complicated curve to form the texture. According to the requests of fake performance and interference immunity, the complicated curve is entered of the disturbing quantity. Depending on the character of the curve that make up of texture, it gives the eigenvalue as the standard of seal identification.
When there is a requirement of carrying out seal to check , the image collection ware which is linked to the computer terminal input the seal into the computer with the form of graph. Computer deals with the image on the basis of the programme has been set and moves out the standard seal and encrypt information.Then the computer distinguishes the seal automaticly. Through the automatic distinguish and safe storage to the seal with the computer, it comes true that the seal management is electronicalized and intellectualized, which makes the management of client's seal and account fast, simple and reliable.
引文
[1]Ueda.K.Nakamura,Y..Automatic Verification of Seal-Impression Pattern,Proceedings of the 7 Int.Conf.On Pattern Recognition, 1984.pp 1019-1021.
[2]Fan,T.J.,Tsai W.S..Automatic Chinaese Seal Identification,Computer Vision,Graphics,and Image Processing, vol25.1984,pp311 -330.
[3]Chen,C.,Tsai,W.S. Automatic identification of Chinese seal with arbitrary or partial shapes.Computer Processing of Chinese & Oriental Languages,1986,2(4):216-233.
[4]Lee S.Kim J.H, Unconstrained seal imprint verification using stroke graph matching. Pattern Recognition, 1989,22(6):653-664.
[5]胡庆,杨静宇,张黔等.基于知识的印鉴鉴别方法. 自动化报, 1991, 17 (6): 696-704.
[6]Hu,Q.,Yang,J.,Zhang.Q.,et al.An automatic seal imprint verification approach,Pattern Recognition,28(8): 1251 -1266.
[7]Chen Y.S.,Automatic Identification for a Chinaese Seal Image.Pattern Recognition, vol29,no 11,1996,pp 1807-1820.
[8]R.L.Kashyap and P.M.Lapsa,Synthesis and Estimation of Random Fields Using Long-Correlation Models.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.Vol.PAMI-6.No.6,November 1984,pp800-809.
[9]Jesse Bennett and Alireza Khotanzad,Modeling Textured Images Using Generalized Long Correlation Models.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol.20,Nol2,December 1998,ppl365-1370.
[10]Rupert Paget and I.Dennis Longstaff.Texture Synthesis Via a Noncausal Nonparametric Multiscale Markov Random Field.IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Vol.7,No.6,June 1998,pp925-931.
[11]Joseph M.Francos.A.Zvi Meiri Boaz Porat.A Unified Texture Model Based on a 2-D Wold-Like Decomposition,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,Vol.41,No.8,August 1993,pp2665-2677.
[12]Surendra Ranganath and Anil K.Jain,Two-Dimensional Linear Prediction Models-Part 1:Spectral Factorization and Realization,IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing, Vol. ASSP-33,No. 1 .February 1985,pp280-298.
[13]Kie B.Eom,2-D Moving Average Models for Texture Synthesis and Analysis.IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,Vol.7,No.l2,December 1998 ppl741-1746.
[14] ANDRE GAGALOWICZ AND SONG DE MA.Sequential Synthesis of Natural Textures.Computer Vision.Graphic.and Image Processing 30,pp289-315,1985.
[15]R.Chellappa and R.L.Kashyap,Digital Image Restoration Using Spatial Interaction Models.IEEE Transactions on Acoustics.speech.and Signal Processing, Vol. ASSP-30,No.3, June 1982 pp461-472.
[16]R.L.Kashyap and Alireza Khotanzad,A Model-Based Model for Rotation Invariant Texture Classification,IEEE Transactions on Pattern Anlysis and Machine Intelligence,Vol.PAMI-8,No.4,July 1986,pp472-481.
[17]R.L.Kashyap and R.Chellappa, Decision Rules for Choice of Neighbors in Random Field Models of Images,Computer Graphics and Image Procedding 15,1981,pp301-318.
[18]R.L.Kashyap,and R.Chellappa, Estimaton and choice of Neighbors in Spatial-Interaction Models of Image,IEEE Transactions on Information Theoy, Vol.IT-29,No. 1.January 1983,pp60-72.
[19]张先萌，罗安玉等，用矩不变量实现印鉴自动识别，电子学报，1995，23(4)：100-103
[20]曾东武，刘重庆等，Fourier描述符的印鉴识别方法，上海交通大学学报，1998，32(9)：43-45．
[21]贾永红，计算机图像处理与分析，武汉：武汉大学出版社，2002．
[22]Seong whan Lee and Jin H.Kim,Unconstrained Seal Imprint Verification Using Attributed Stroke Graph Matching,Pattern Rocognition,Vol.22,No6,pp.653-644,1989.
[23]邹北骥，黄心渊，图形图像原理与三维动画实践，北京：高等教育出版社，2000．
[24]高文，董胜富等，基于边缘匹配的印鉴自动鉴别方法，模式识别与人工智能．1994，7(4)：338-342．
[25]廖闻剑&成瑜，银行印鉴的模糊识别方法，南京航空航天大学学报，1998，30(6)：663-667．
[26]Wen Gao,Shengfu Dong and Xilin Chen,A System for automatic Chinese Seal Imprint Verification.
[27]L Li,AJ Walker,Verification and Validation of the SEAl Software Assessment Tool,Proceedings of the 3rd International Software Engineering Standards Symposium(ISESS'97).
[28]Takahiko Horiuchi,Automatic Seal Verification by Evaluating Positive Cost.
[29]Ryoji haruki,Yakahiko Horiuchi,Hiromitsu Yamada and Kazuhiko Yamamoto.Automatic Seal Verification Using Three-Dimensional Reference Seals,Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Pattern Recognition(ICPR'96).
[30]Katsuhiko Ueda, Takeshi Mutoh and Kenichi Matsuo,Automatic Seal Verification System for Seal Imprints on Japanese Bank checks,Proceeding of the 3'rd ICDAR, pp665-668,1997.
[31]YUNG-SHENG CHEN,Automatic Identification for a Chinese Seal image,Pattern Recognition,Vol.29,No. 11,pp1807-1820,1996.
[32]杨新军，王肇析等，基于环投影模板匹配的印鉴鉴别法，光电子激光，2001，12(11)：1177-1181．
[33]Yiwu J.Chiang and RuiCing WANG, Seal Identification Using the Delamay Tessellation,Proc.Natl.Sel.Coune.ROC(A) Vol.22,No.6,1998.pp.751-757[17].
[34]R C Nelson. finding line segments by stick growing[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1994,15(5):519-523 J-W Lee,I-s Kweon. Extraction of line features in a noisy image[J]. Pattern Recognition. 1997,30(10):1651-1660.
[35]孙家广等．计算机图形学，北京：清华大学出版社，1998．[36]曹琳，杜世培，真实图形描绘中的纹理生成方法，贵州工业大学学报，2001，30(2)．
[37]李素昉，李金屏等，基于纹理分析的图像形貌特征提取，济南大学学报，2004，18(3)．
[38]郁道银，淡恒英，工程光学，北京：机械工业出版社，2002．
[39]吴强，郭光灿，光学，合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，2003．
[40]苏晓生，掌握MATLAB6.0及其工程应用，北京：科学出版社，2002．
[41]陈怀琛，MATLAB及其在理工课程中的应用指南，西安：西安电子科技大学，2000．
[42]赵伟，印鉴提取与识别技术研究：[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学机械工程系，2004．
[43]杨峰，周洪利，印鉴自动识别系统中模式识别方法的研究，现代计算机，2003，15．
[2]Fan,T.J.,Tsai W.S..Automatic Chinaese Seal Identification,Computer Vision,Graphics,and Image Processing, vol25.1984,pp311 -330.
[3]Chen,C.,Tsai,W.S. Automatic identification of Chinese seal with arbitrary or partial shapes.Computer Processing of Chinese & Oriental Languages,1986,2(4):216-233.
[4]Lee S.Kim J.H, Unconstrained seal imprint verification using stroke graph matching. Pattern Recognition, 1989,22(6):653-664.
[5]胡庆,杨静宇,张黔等.基于知识的印鉴鉴别方法. 自动化报, 1991, 17 (6): 696-704.
[6]Hu,Q.,Yang,J.,Zhang.Q.,et al.An automatic seal imprint verification approach,Pattern Recognition,28(8): 1251 -1266.
[7]Chen Y.S.,Automatic Identification for a Chinaese Seal Image.Pattern Recognition, vol29,no 11,1996,pp 1807-1820.
[8]R.L.Kashyap and P.M.Lapsa,Synthesis and Estimation of Random Fields Using Long-Correlation Models.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.Vol.PAMI-6.No.6,November 1984,pp800-809.
[9]Jesse Bennett and Alireza Khotanzad,Modeling Textured Images Using Generalized Long Correlation Models.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol.20,Nol2,December 1998,ppl365-1370.
[10]Rupert Paget and I.Dennis Longstaff.Texture Synthesis Via a Noncausal Nonparametric Multiscale Markov Random Field.IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Vol.7,No.6,June 1998,pp925-931.
[11]Joseph M.Francos.A.Zvi Meiri Boaz Porat.A Unified Texture Model Based on a 2-D Wold-Like Decomposition,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,Vol.41,No.8,August 1993,pp2665-2677.
[12]Surendra Ranganath and Anil K.Jain,Two-Dimensional Linear Prediction Models-Part 1:Spectral Factorization and Realization,IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing, Vol. ASSP-33,No. 1 .February 1985,pp280-298.
[13]Kie B.Eom,2-D Moving Average Models for Texture Synthesis and Analysis.IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,Vol.7,No.l2,December 1998 ppl741-1746.
[14] ANDRE GAGALOWICZ AND SONG DE MA.Sequential Synthesis of Natural Textures.Computer Vision.Graphic.and Image Processing 30,pp289-315,1985.
[15]R.Chellappa and R.L.Kashyap,Digital Image Restoration Using Spatial Interaction Models.IEEE Transactions on Acoustics.speech.and Signal Processing, Vol. ASSP-30,No.3, June 1982 pp461-472.
[16]R.L.Kashyap and Alireza Khotanzad,A Model-Based Model for Rotation Invariant Texture Classification,IEEE Transactions on Pattern Anlysis and Machine Intelligence,Vol.PAMI-8,No.4,July 1986,pp472-481.
[17]R.L.Kashyap and R.Chellappa, Decision Rules for Choice of Neighbors in Random Field Models of Images,Computer Graphics and Image Procedding 15,1981,pp301-318.
[18]R.L.Kashyap,and R.Chellappa, Estimaton and choice of Neighbors in Spatial-Interaction Models of Image,IEEE Transactions on Information Theoy, Vol.IT-29,No. 1.January 1983,pp60-72.
[19]张先萌，罗安玉等，用矩不变量实现印鉴自动识别，电子学报，1995，23(4)：100-103
[20]曾东武，刘重庆等，Fourier描述符的印鉴识别方法，上海交通大学学报，1998，32(9)：43-45．
[21]贾永红，计算机图像处理与分析，武汉：武汉大学出版社，2002．
[22]Seong whan Lee and Jin H.Kim,Unconstrained Seal Imprint Verification Using Attributed Stroke Graph Matching,Pattern Rocognition,Vol.22,No6,pp.653-644,1989.
[23]邹北骥，黄心渊，图形图像原理与三维动画实践，北京：高等教育出版社，2000．
[24]高文，董胜富等，基于边缘匹配的印鉴自动鉴别方法，模式识别与人工智能．1994，7(4)：338-342．
[25]廖闻剑&成瑜，银行印鉴的模糊识别方法，南京航空航天大学学报，1998，30(6)：663-667．
[26]Wen Gao,Shengfu Dong and Xilin Chen,A System for automatic Chinese Seal Imprint Verification.
[27]L Li,AJ Walker,Verification and Validation of the SEAl Software Assessment Tool,Proceedings of the 3rd International Software Engineering Standards Symposium(ISESS'97).
[28]Takahiko Horiuchi,Automatic Seal Verification by Evaluating Positive Cost.
[29]Ryoji haruki,Yakahiko Horiuchi,Hiromitsu Yamada and Kazuhiko Yamamoto.Automatic Seal Verification Using Three-Dimensional Reference Seals,Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Pattern Recognition(ICPR'96).
[30]Katsuhiko Ueda, Takeshi Mutoh and Kenichi Matsuo,Automatic Seal Verification System for Seal Imprints on Japanese Bank checks,Proceeding of the 3'rd ICDAR, pp665-668,1997.
[31]YUNG-SHENG CHEN,Automatic Identification for a Chinese Seal image,Pattern Recognition,Vol.29,No. 11,pp1807-1820,1996.
[32]杨新军，王肇析等，基于环投影模板匹配的印鉴鉴别法，光电子激光，2001，12(11)：1177-1181．
[33]Yiwu J.Chiang and RuiCing WANG, Seal Identification Using the Delamay Tessellation,Proc.Natl.Sel.Coune.ROC(A) Vol.22,No.6,1998.pp.751-757[17].
[34]R C Nelson. finding line segments by stick growing[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1994,15(5):519-523 J-W Lee,I-s Kweon. Extraction of line features in a noisy image[J]. Pattern Recognition. 1997,30(10):1651-1660.
[35]孙家广等．计算机图形学，北京：清华大学出版社，1998．[36]曹琳，杜世培，真实图形描绘中的纹理生成方法，贵州工业大学学报，2001，30(2)．
[37]李素昉，李金屏等，基于纹理分析的图像形貌特征提取，济南大学学报，2004，18(3)．
[38]郁道银，淡恒英，工程光学，北京：机械工业出版社，2002．
[39]吴强，郭光灿，光学，合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，2003．
[40]苏晓生，掌握MATLAB6.0及其工程应用，北京：科学出版社，2002．
[41]陈怀琛，MATLAB及其在理工课程中的应用指南，西安：西安电子科技大学，2000．
[42]赵伟，印鉴提取与识别技术研究：[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学机械工程系，2004．
[43]杨峰，周洪利，印鉴自动识别系统中模式识别方法的研究，现代计算机，2003，15．