大同地区矿山地质环境综合评价研究
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摘要
采矿引起的一系列矿山环境问题不仅威胁到人们生命财产安全,而且严重影响和制约着经济的发展,也引发了一系列社会问题和矛盾。对矿山开发地质环境影响程度进行评估分区,可以为政府部门对进行矿山地质恢复治理工作及矿产资源合理开发利用规划提供科学依据,具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
本文以山西大同地区为研究区,通过对大同地区矿山进行实地调查,并结合矿山开发环境遥感解译,获得矿山开发地质环境背景、矿山开发现状及现有地质问题等第一手资料。在对获得的资料分析研究基础上,通过对该区煤矿采空区塌陷形成原因分析,指出其影响因素与煤层特征、埋深与煤层的开采厚度和岩层情况等相关,并得出大同地区最主要的矿山地质环境问题是以煤矿开采引发的煤矿区地面塌陷。
在评价方法上借鉴区域地质灾害评价体系,结合大同矿山开发实际情况,从区域地质环境背景、资源损毁和地质环境问题现状三个方面选取评价因子,建立评价指标体系,选用要素指标加权分值综合评价模型及层次分析法,对评价指标进行量化,并基于ARCGIS平台得出大同地区矿山地质环境影响评价分区。论文得出以下结论:
(1)大同矿产资源以煤炭资源为主,煤层埋藏较浅、可采煤层厚度大,开采条件优越,决定了该区矿山开发将以煤矿大规模、高强度开发为主的特点。
(2)大同矿山开发引起的地质环境问题有:①矿山开发占用及破坏土地资源,植被破坏严重,加剧水土流失②破坏地下水资源,加剧水资源矛盾③煤矿开采引起的地面塌陷等矿山地质灾害。其中以煤矿开采引起的地面塌陷尤为严重;
(3)矿山地质环境影响程度总体为中等。只要采取适当的工程对策措施,矿山开采是可行的。
(4)选取的评价体系和方法是可靠有效的,较符合实际情况。并对大同地区进行了矿山地质环境影响分区评述。
A series of mining-induced environmental problems threaten the lives and property of people, and seriously affect and constrain the development of economy. That dividing mining geo-environment can provide scientific basis for the government carry the case of protecting and treating mining geo-environment, and rational exploit mining resources, so the research is of great actual meaning and theory value.
On the basis of investigation on the Datong spot and research at the mine geological environment has got lots of first hand data for the paper such as mining geo-environment background, exploit method and mining develop current situation. By the fact that analysis to mining geo-environment background and mining geo-environment problem studies, finding out that the main mining geo-environment problem of Datong District is that coal mining land collapse. And its mainly influencing factor is the coal burying depth, coal thickness, coal mining method, and covering rock characteristic through analyzing forming mechanism of coal mining land collapse.
Unifies the Datong mine development actual situation, from the regional geology environment background, the resources damage and the geological environment question present situation three aspects selects the appraisal factor, carries on the quantification, establishes the appraisal model, has carried on Essential factor target weighting minute value quality synthetic evaluation model to the Datong area mine geology environmental effect.
The paper draws following conclusion are as follows:
(1)Datong mineral resource by the coal resources primarily, the coal bed buries shallowly, may mine coal level thickness to be big, the mining condition will be superior, has decided this area mine development massively by the coal mine, the high strength development primarily characteristic.
(2)The Datong mine development causes the geological environment question includes:①The mine development takes and the destruction land resource table vegetation destruction is serious, aggravating soil erosion;②The destruction ground water resources, the aggravating water resources are contradictory;③Coal mine mining causes mine geology disasters and so on fall of ground,in which the fall of ground which causes by coal mine mining especially is serious;
(3)Mine mining geology environment influence overall for medium. So long as takes the suitable project countermeasure measure, mine mining is feasible.
(4)The selection appraisal system and the method are reliable effective, which conforms to the actual situation, and has carried on the mine geology environmental effect district narration to the Datong area.
本文以山西大同地区为研究区,通过对大同地区矿山进行实地调查,并结合矿山开发环境遥感解译,获得矿山开发地质环境背景、矿山开发现状及现有地质问题等第一手资料。在对获得的资料分析研究基础上,通过对该区煤矿采空区塌陷形成原因分析,指出其影响因素与煤层特征、埋深与煤层的开采厚度和岩层情况等相关,并得出大同地区最主要的矿山地质环境问题是以煤矿开采引发的煤矿区地面塌陷。
在评价方法上借鉴区域地质灾害评价体系,结合大同矿山开发实际情况,从区域地质环境背景、资源损毁和地质环境问题现状三个方面选取评价因子,建立评价指标体系,选用要素指标加权分值综合评价模型及层次分析法,对评价指标进行量化,并基于ARCGIS平台得出大同地区矿山地质环境影响评价分区。论文得出以下结论:
(1)大同矿产资源以煤炭资源为主,煤层埋藏较浅、可采煤层厚度大,开采条件优越,决定了该区矿山开发将以煤矿大规模、高强度开发为主的特点。
(2)大同矿山开发引起的地质环境问题有:①矿山开发占用及破坏土地资源,植被破坏严重,加剧水土流失②破坏地下水资源,加剧水资源矛盾③煤矿开采引起的地面塌陷等矿山地质灾害。其中以煤矿开采引起的地面塌陷尤为严重;
(3)矿山地质环境影响程度总体为中等。只要采取适当的工程对策措施,矿山开采是可行的。
(4)选取的评价体系和方法是可靠有效的,较符合实际情况。并对大同地区进行了矿山地质环境影响分区评述。
A series of mining-induced environmental problems threaten the lives and property of people, and seriously affect and constrain the development of economy. That dividing mining geo-environment can provide scientific basis for the government carry the case of protecting and treating mining geo-environment, and rational exploit mining resources, so the research is of great actual meaning and theory value.
On the basis of investigation on the Datong spot and research at the mine geological environment has got lots of first hand data for the paper such as mining geo-environment background, exploit method and mining develop current situation. By the fact that analysis to mining geo-environment background and mining geo-environment problem studies, finding out that the main mining geo-environment problem of Datong District is that coal mining land collapse. And its mainly influencing factor is the coal burying depth, coal thickness, coal mining method, and covering rock characteristic through analyzing forming mechanism of coal mining land collapse.
Unifies the Datong mine development actual situation, from the regional geology environment background, the resources damage and the geological environment question present situation three aspects selects the appraisal factor, carries on the quantification, establishes the appraisal model, has carried on Essential factor target weighting minute value quality synthetic evaluation model to the Datong area mine geology environmental effect.
The paper draws following conclusion are as follows:
(1)Datong mineral resource by the coal resources primarily, the coal bed buries shallowly, may mine coal level thickness to be big, the mining condition will be superior, has decided this area mine development massively by the coal mine, the high strength development primarily characteristic.
(2)The Datong mine development causes the geological environment question includes:①The mine development takes and the destruction land resource table vegetation destruction is serious, aggravating soil erosion;②The destruction ground water resources, the aggravating water resources are contradictory;③Coal mine mining causes mine geology disasters and so on fall of ground,in which the fall of ground which causes by coal mine mining especially is serious;
(3)Mine mining geology environment influence overall for medium. So long as takes the suitable project countermeasure measure, mine mining is feasible.
(4)The selection appraisal system and the method are reliable effective, which conforms to the actual situation, and has carried on the mine geology environmental effect district narration to the Datong area.
引文
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[2]杨毅.神木县矿山地质环境影响评价研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2008.
[3]地质环境信息网.二十一世纪初的地质环境监测工作.http://www.cgp.gov.cn/,2004.4
[4]武强,刘伏昌,李铎.矿山环境研究理论与实践[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.
[5] Mario Mejia-navarro, Postdoctoral Fellow.1996.Natural hazard and risk assessment using decision support systems, application: Glenwood Springs ,Colorado. Environmental and Engineering Geosicence,1996,II:299～324.
[6] Cross, Martin, Landslide susceptibility mapping using the matrix assessment approach Derbyshire case study,1998.
[7] Tiwary R K. Environmental Impact of Coal Mining On water Regime and Its Management [J].Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 2001,24(1):21～23.
[8]张业成.中国地质灾害危险性分析与灾变区划[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1995,Vo1.15,No3:55～67.
[9]张梁,张建军.地质灾害风险区划理论与方法[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2000.12,Vol.11(4):323-328.
[10]范文,刘雪梅,高德彬.主成分分析法在地质灾害危险性综合评价中的应用.西安工程学院学报,2001.12,Vol.23(4):53-57.
[11]林孝松.基于GIS的重庆市地质灾害信息管理系统.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2001.6,Vol.12(2):71～79.
[12]钟荫乾.地质灾害易发性评价.湖北地矿,2002.10,Vol.16(4):81-84
[13]柳源.中国地质灾害(以崩、滑、流为主)风险性分析与区划.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003.3,Vol.14(1):95-99.
[14]刘红梅,刘钦甫.山西大同煤田太原组高岭岩地质特征[J].北京工业职业技术学院学报,2008,7(3):4-8.
[15]易锦俊.山西地堑系活动断裂与地震_地裂缝灾害研究[D].西安:长安大学,2008.
[16]谢先军,大同盆地浅层地下水环境中砷的来源与迁移转化规律研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2008.
[17]赵慧玲.大同煤田岩溶地下水的水文地质特征分析[J].中国煤田地质,2004,16(1):26～28.
[18]冯蕊.矿区总体规划的环境影响评价——以大同矿区总体规划环境影响评价为例[J].科技情报开发与经济,2008,18(22):91～92.
[19]煤矿开采对大同矿区水资源的影响[J].山西煤炭管理干部学院学报,2004(1):56～57.
[20]梁立国.采煤引起的地质灾害问题探讨[J].科技情报开发与经济,2009,19(14):197～198.
[21]张卫东.大同市矿山地质灾害的现状及防治对策[J].科技情报开发与经济,2008,18(1):220～221.
[22] DZ 0238—2004,地质灾害分类分级[S].
[23]汪宝山.地质灾害特征及影响[J].地质灾害特征及影响,2003,(4):11～13.
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