尾矿库危险源分析及安全评价导则建议方案研究
|
摘要
尾矿库是矿山生产设施的重要组成部分,它实质上可视为一种人造的具有高势能的泥石流形成区。尾矿中还含有各种有毒有害物质,对周围生态环境和居民的身心健康构成极大威胁,直接引起重特大的尾矿库事故并不鲜见。
随着工业发展,尾矿坝数量越来越多,坝体堆积越来越高,因此,尾矿坝的安全问题极为重要,作为一种特殊的建筑物,尾矿坝的安全稳定性关系到下游人民的生命和财产安全。国家安全生产监督管理局颁布《尾矿库安全技术规程》和《尾矿库安全监督管理规定》,并且对尾矿库进行安全评价,但是对尾矿库安全评价的规范性导则仍没有建立。
论文通过对尾矿库库容和堆积坝筑坝工艺进行分析,利用极限平衡法,根据尾矿坝的物理特征、浸润线对尾矿坝的稳定性影响进行分析,得出尾矿坝稳定的关键因素。通过尾矿库安全的内在机理分析,对尾矿库各单元危险因素进行辨识及尾矿库事故的诱发原因进行定性分析,确定各单元危害因素和可能存在的事故隐患及其后果;建立危险源分级模型,对辨识出的危险源进行分级,编制尾矿库预先危险性分析表,并且对相关单元的危险有害因素提出相应的治理措施。找出尾矿库溃坝的基本事件,编制出尾矿库溃坝的事故树,通过事故树分析,指出尾矿库安全管理的重点对象。针对尾矿库的安全评价,划分评价单元,编制尾矿库的安全检查内容分析图,编制出尾矿库危险性分析及检查表。论文上述分析为尾矿库的安全评价导则的建立提供理论依据,在此基础上给出一个“尾矿库安全评价导则”的建议方案。
Tailings Pond was an important component of mine production facilities, which can be considered as a man-made mud-rock flow formation with high potential energy essentially. Tailings have many kinds of toxic materials, which is a big threat to the ecological environment around and inhabitant's health of body and mind, it is not rare that tailings pond's great accident happened
With the development of industry, there were more and more Tailings Dam, the height of Tailings Dam is higher and higher, therefore, the safety of Tailings Dam is vital, the safe stability of Tailings Dam relates to the safety of lives and estate of downstream's people, GRF promulgated the < Tailings Dam safety technique rules> and < Tailings Dam safety supervising administration rules >, and made safety assessment to Tailings Pond, but regular guide of safety assessment of Tailings Dam is not constructed yet.
This paper got the critical factor of Tailings Pond's stability through analyzing Tailings Pond's storage capacity and the technique of constructing Tailings Pond, by limit-balance method, analyzing the stability of Tailings Dam according to physical characters of Tailings Dam, soaking line. Through the analysis of inner mechanism of Tailings Pond's safety, this paper identified hazardous factors of each unit and analyzed quantified the inducement of Tailings Pond's accidents, determined the hazardous factors of each unit , possible accident peril and effect, constructed the hazardous sources model and ranked the hazardous sources, draw up Tailings Pond PHA(Preliminary Hazard Analysis)table, put forward management measures according to the hazardous factors of each unit, found the elemental event of Tailings Pond's break, draw up FTA of Tailings Pond's break, pointed out the safety administration object and factor through FTA. According to safety assessment of Tailings Pond, divided the assessment units, draw up the SCL, and quantified each of the investigated units. The analysis above supplied basis to the construction of safety assessment rule on Tailings Pond and put forward a suggestive plan of safety assessment rule based on the analysis above.
随着工业发展,尾矿坝数量越来越多,坝体堆积越来越高,因此,尾矿坝的安全问题极为重要,作为一种特殊的建筑物,尾矿坝的安全稳定性关系到下游人民的生命和财产安全。国家安全生产监督管理局颁布《尾矿库安全技术规程》和《尾矿库安全监督管理规定》,并且对尾矿库进行安全评价,但是对尾矿库安全评价的规范性导则仍没有建立。
论文通过对尾矿库库容和堆积坝筑坝工艺进行分析,利用极限平衡法,根据尾矿坝的物理特征、浸润线对尾矿坝的稳定性影响进行分析,得出尾矿坝稳定的关键因素。通过尾矿库安全的内在机理分析,对尾矿库各单元危险因素进行辨识及尾矿库事故的诱发原因进行定性分析,确定各单元危害因素和可能存在的事故隐患及其后果;建立危险源分级模型,对辨识出的危险源进行分级,编制尾矿库预先危险性分析表,并且对相关单元的危险有害因素提出相应的治理措施。找出尾矿库溃坝的基本事件,编制出尾矿库溃坝的事故树,通过事故树分析,指出尾矿库安全管理的重点对象。针对尾矿库的安全评价,划分评价单元,编制尾矿库的安全检查内容分析图,编制出尾矿库危险性分析及检查表。论文上述分析为尾矿库的安全评价导则的建立提供理论依据,在此基础上给出一个“尾矿库安全评价导则”的建议方案。
Tailings Pond was an important component of mine production facilities, which can be considered as a man-made mud-rock flow formation with high potential energy essentially. Tailings have many kinds of toxic materials, which is a big threat to the ecological environment around and inhabitant's health of body and mind, it is not rare that tailings pond's great accident happened
With the development of industry, there were more and more Tailings Dam, the height of Tailings Dam is higher and higher, therefore, the safety of Tailings Dam is vital, the safe stability of Tailings Dam relates to the safety of lives and estate of downstream's people, GRF promulgated the < Tailings Dam safety technique rules> and < Tailings Dam safety supervising administration rules >, and made safety assessment to Tailings Pond, but regular guide of safety assessment of Tailings Dam is not constructed yet.
This paper got the critical factor of Tailings Pond's stability through analyzing Tailings Pond's storage capacity and the technique of constructing Tailings Pond, by limit-balance method, analyzing the stability of Tailings Dam according to physical characters of Tailings Dam, soaking line. Through the analysis of inner mechanism of Tailings Pond's safety, this paper identified hazardous factors of each unit and analyzed quantified the inducement of Tailings Pond's accidents, determined the hazardous factors of each unit , possible accident peril and effect, constructed the hazardous sources model and ranked the hazardous sources, draw up Tailings Pond PHA(Preliminary Hazard Analysis)table, put forward management measures according to the hazardous factors of each unit, found the elemental event of Tailings Pond's break, draw up FTA of Tailings Pond's break, pointed out the safety administration object and factor through FTA. According to safety assessment of Tailings Pond, divided the assessment units, draw up the SCL, and quantified each of the investigated units. The analysis above supplied basis to the construction of safety assessment rule on Tailings Pond and put forward a suggestive plan of safety assessment rule based on the analysis above.
引文
[1]Anon A review of tailings dam failures International Water Power and Dam Construction,2001,53(5):40-42
[2]李作章.徐日升.穆鲁生等.尾矿库安全技术.北京:航空工业出版社,1996
[3]http://www.zgmt,com.cn/00O2/ddka2002/ddkg9/DJCH9wkk.htm
[4]欧自强,金属矿山尾矿坝的溃坝事故及其它有关情况介绍[J]勘察科学技术,1989(2):30-34.
[5]http://www.zgmt.com.cn/2002/ddka2002/ddkg9/DJCH9wkk.htm
[6]http://www.acca21.org.cn/pc5-4.html
[7]《尾矿库安全技术规程》(AQ 2006-2005)国家安全生产监督管理总局
[8]徐宏达我国尾矿库病害事故统计分析[M].工业建筑,2001(31).69-7
[9]《尾矿库安全监督管理规定》(2006年06号)国家安全生产监督管理总局
[10]吴宗之,高进东,魏立军.危险评价方法及其应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001
[11]M E Coleman,H M Marks Qualitative and quantitative risk assessment[M].US Department of Agriculture,Food Safety& Inspection Service,1400 In dependence Avenue,SW,Rm.3718 FCB,Washington D.C.USA,October 1998
[12]冯肇瑞,等主编.安全系统工程(第二版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1993
[13]国家安全生产监督管理局.安全评价[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2002
[14]RJ Chandler and G.Tosatti,The Stava tailings dams failure.Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Geotechnical Engineering,1995(11)67-79
[15]Anon Are view of tailings dam failures.International Water Power and Dam Construction,2001,53(5):40-42
[16]祝玉学.关于尾矿库工程中几个问题的讨论.金属矿山,1998,(10):7-10
[17]Harper TG,Mcleod HN,Davies MP.Seismic assessment of tailings dams.Civil Engineering,1992,62(12):64-66
[18]Scott MD,LoR C.Optimal tailings management at Highland Valley Copper.CIM Bulletin,1992,85(962):85-88
[19]祝玉学,戚国庆.尾矿库工程分析与管理.北京:冶金工业出版社,1999
[20]黄志全.边坡演化的非线性机制及滑坡预测预报研究:〔博士学位论文〕.北京:中国科学院地质研究所,1999
[21]黄志全,张长存,姜彤等.滑坡预报的协同一分岔模型及其应用,岩石力学与工程学 报,2002,21(4):498-501
[22]Darve F,Laouafa F.Instabilities in granular materials and application to landslides.Mechanics of Cohesive-Frictional Materials,2000,5(8):627-652
[23]Chao K P.Landslides modeled as bifurcations of creeping slopes with nonlinear friction law.International Journal of Solids and Structures,1995,32(23):3451-3464
[24]刘军,秦四清,张倬元.边坡岩体系统的非线性演化和分岔研究.成都理工学院学报,2000,27(4):379-382
[25]孙树林,侯玉宾.边坡水平卸荷裂隙的突变理论模型.河海大学学报,1997,25(6):4-7
[26]Qin s,Jiao J J,Wang s,et al.A nonlinear catastrophe model of instability of planar-slip slope and chaotic dynamical mechanisms of its evolutionary process.International Journal of Solids and Structures,2001,38(44-45):8093-8109
[27]Qin S,Jiao J J,Wang S.A cusp catastrophe model of instability of slip-buckling slope.Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2001,34(2):119-134
[28]许强.广义系统科学理论及其工程地质应用研究:(博士学位论文).成都:成都理工学院,1997
[29]曾开华、陆兆漆.边坡变形破坏预测的混沌与分形研究.河海大学学报,1995,27(3):9-13
[30]Lombardi G.On the limits of structural analysis of dams.International journal on Hydropower & Dams,1996,3(5):50-56
[31]Krinitzsky EL.Earthquake probability in engineering.Engineering Geology,1993,36(1-2):1-52
[32]吴中如,潘卫平分形几何理论在岩土边坡稳定性分析中的应用.水利学报,1996,(4):78-82
[33]李亮,傅鹤林.岩体节理裂惊特征的分形研究.铁道学报,2000,22(2):77-81
[34]Pelletier JD,Malamud BD,Blodgett T,etal.Scale-invariance of soil moisture variability and its implications for the frequency-size distribution of land slides.Engineering Geology,1 997,48(3-4):255-268
[35]Seidel J P,Haberfield C M.Laboratory testing of concrete-rack joints in constant normal stiffness direct shear.Geotechnical Testing Journal,2002,25(4):391-404
[36]Xiao Y X,Lee C F,Wang S J.Particle-size distribution of interlayer shear zone material and its implications in geological processes-A case study in China.Engineering Geology,2002,66(3-4):221-232
[37]吴中如,潘卫平.应用Lyapunov指数研究岩土边坡的稳定判据.岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(3).-217-223
[38]陈益峰,吕金虎,周创兵.基于Lyapunov指数改进算法的边坡位移预测.2001,20(5):671-675
[39]刘小丽,周德培.岩土边坡系统稳定性评价初探.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(9):1378-1382
[40]李建林,哈秋舫.岩土工程中的系统工程问题.三峡大学学报,2002,24(3):198-201
[41]陈有亮.岩体高边坡滑移与失稳的力学分析.煤炭学报,2000,25(6):598-601
[42]Ercanoglu M,Gokceoglu C.Assessment of landslide susceptibility for a landslide-prone area (north of Yenice,NW Turkey)by fuzzy approach.Environmental Geology,2002,41(6):720-730
[43]Liu X L,Wang S G,Zhang X B.Influence of geologic factors on landslides in Zhaotong,Yunnan Province,China.Environmental Geology and Water Sciences,1992,19(1):17-20
[44]黄铭,葛修润,王浩.灰色模型在岩体线法变形测量中的应用.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(2):235-238
[45]姜树海.大坝防洪安全的评估和校核.水利学报,1998(1):18-24
[46]姜树海.防洪设计标准和大坝的防洪安全.水利学报,1999(5):19-25
[47]Cheng S T,Yen B C,Tang W H.Stochastic risk modeling of dam overtopping.Reliability and Uncertainty Analyses in Hydraulic Design,1993:123-132
[48]Zhang Q.New approximate method to calculate the time-specific unreliability of a repairable system.Reliability Engineering&System Safety,1991,31(1):39-56
[49]Hasebe M,Nagayama Y.Reservoir operation using the neural network and fuzzy systems for dam control and operation support.Advances in Engineering Software,2002,33(5):245-260
[50]年国际大坝委员会,联合国环境计划署:尾矿坝:发生危险的可能性及从实践经验中吸取的教训.2001
[51]郦能惠.关于《尾矿坝面临的挑战》国际学术会议的报告.国际大坝委员会网站.2003http://www.icold-eigb.org.cn/icoid2OOO/y030821-05.htm
[52]蒋卫东,李夕兵.模糊灰色综合评价方法及在尾矿库安全管理中的应用.湘潭矿业学院学报.2002.(2).17-20
[53]张电吉,雷向进.龙形寨尾矿坝稳定性评价与综合治理研究.岩土力学.2003.24.(4).670-672
[54]腾志国.关于尾矿坝地震稳定性的分析及评价.河北冶金.2003.(1).16-17
[55]李夕兵,蒋卫东.汛期尾矿坝溃坝事故树分析.安全与环境学报.2001.(5).45-48
[56]李培良.上游式尾矿库沉积规律及扩容研究:〔博士学位论文〕.北京:北京科技大学,2005
[57]中华人民共和国建设部.选矿厂尾矿设施设计规范[S].1990
[58](美)Yang H.Huang,包承纲等译.土坡稳定分析〔M].北京:清华大学出版,1988
[59]速宝玉,赵坚,张祝添等.正置模型在尾矿坝空间渗流场电模拟试验中的应用金属矿山,1994,(3):27-29
[60]尚全夫,王少军.尾矿坝用沟或井列降低浸润线时的渗流计算.金属矿山,1989,(4):50-54
[61]潘惠芬,奕永超.上游法筑坝时放矿水对浸润线位置的影响.工业建筑,1990,(9):36-40
[62]速宝玉,赵坚.影响上游法尾矿坝渗流场的诸因素分析.河海大学学报,1991,19(6):57-63
[63]段其福,毛卫东,罗德洲等.尾矿坝浸润线降深自流排渗技术及应用.金属矿山,1997,(8):14-16
[64]沈献林.水平排渗技术在钟山铁矿尾矿坝上的应用.金属矿山,1998,(12):38-39
[65]刘辉,朱易春.冶金矿山危险源辨识与应急预案[J].南方金属.2004,(10):5-9
[66]吴穹,许开立.安全管理学[M].煤炭工业出版社,2002.181-193;
[67]鲍爱华.论金属矿山安全隐患的辨识与监控[J].采矿技术,2003,3(2),23-25.
[68]高进东,吴宗之.论我国重大危险源辨识标准.中国安全科学学报[J].1999,12(6):1-5
[69]中华人民共和国冶金部,中国有色金属工业总公司.冶金矿山尾矿设施管理规程.1990
[70]国家经贸委安全科学技术研究中心等.重大危险源辨识[S].2000
[71]李夕兵,蒋卫东等.汛期尾矿坝溃坝事故树分析.安全与环境学报[J].2001,(5):45-48
[72]赵晖.尾矿工程[M].冶金工业部长春黄金设计院.1986
[73]中国有色金属工业总公司.尾矿设施施工及验收规程[S].1995
[74]林善元,杨海明.实行分级管理法控制危险源[J].地质勘察安全.1997,(3):7-8
[75]Appendix.F.Solid Waste Management[M].EPA and Hardrock Mining.2003
[76]徐宏达.我国尾矿库病害事故统计分析[J].工业建筑.2001,(31):69-71
[77]田文旗.政府和企业对尾矿库安全管理的重点[J].劳动保护.2003,(9):2-4
[78]祝玉学.关于尾矿库工程中几个问题的讨论[J].金属矿山.1998,(10):7-11
[79]Anon.A review of tailings dam failures.International Water Power and Dam Construction,2001,53(5):40-42
[80]Dobry R,Alvaze L.Seismic Failures of Chilean Tailings Dams.Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation,1967,93(4):237-260
[81]Oksua S,Anma S.Slope Failures and Tailing Dams Damage in the1978 Izu-Oshima-Kinkai Earthquake.Engineering Geology,1980:195-224
[82]Fourie A B,B light G E,Papa Georgiou G.Static liquefaction as a possible explanation for the Merriespruit tailings dam failure.Canadian Geoteehnicai Journa 1,2001,38(4):707-719
[83]Vick S G.Tailings dam failure at Omai in Guyana.Mining Engineering,1996,48(11):34-37
[84]Harder L F J,Stewart J P.Failure of Tapo Canyon railings dam.Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,1996,10(3):109-114
[85]Marcus W A,Meyer G A,Nimmo D R.Geomorphie control of persistent mine impacts in a Yellowstone Park stream and implications for the recovery of fluvial systems. Geology,2001,29(4):355-358
[86]Harper T G,Mcleod H N,Davies M P.Seismic assessment of railings dams.Civil Engineering,1992,62(12):64-66
[87]林友.黄德镛.FTA在某露天矿边坡安全评价中的应用.昆明理工大学学报:理工版.2005(3)
[88]张景林,崔国璋.安全系统工程[M].煤炭工业出版社.2002
[89]丁军明,黄德镛等.尾矿库危险源辨识及事故预防.矿业快报.2006(7)
[90]汪元辉.安全系统工程.天津:天津大学出版社,1999
[91]《水工建筑物抗震设计规范》SL203-97.中华人民共和国水利部
[92]《运筹学》教材编写组.运筹学.北京:清华大学出版社
[92]钟甫宁,孙江明.农业科技示范园区评价指标体系的设立.现代农业.2007(1)
[2]李作章.徐日升.穆鲁生等.尾矿库安全技术.北京:航空工业出版社,1996
[3]http://www.zgmt,com.cn/00O2/ddka2002/ddkg9/DJCH9wkk.htm
[4]欧自强,金属矿山尾矿坝的溃坝事故及其它有关情况介绍[J]勘察科学技术,1989(2):30-34.
[5]http://www.zgmt.com.cn/2002/ddka2002/ddkg9/DJCH9wkk.htm
[6]http://www.acca21.org.cn/pc5-4.html
[7]《尾矿库安全技术规程》(AQ 2006-2005)国家安全生产监督管理总局
[8]徐宏达我国尾矿库病害事故统计分析[M].工业建筑,2001(31).69-7
[9]《尾矿库安全监督管理规定》(2006年06号)国家安全生产监督管理总局
[10]吴宗之,高进东,魏立军.危险评价方法及其应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001
[11]M E Coleman,H M Marks Qualitative and quantitative risk assessment[M].US Department of Agriculture,Food Safety& Inspection Service,1400 In dependence Avenue,SW,Rm.3718 FCB,Washington D.C.USA,October 1998
[12]冯肇瑞,等主编.安全系统工程(第二版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1993
[13]国家安全生产监督管理局.安全评价[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2002
[14]RJ Chandler and G.Tosatti,The Stava tailings dams failure.Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Geotechnical Engineering,1995(11)67-79
[15]Anon Are view of tailings dam failures.International Water Power and Dam Construction,2001,53(5):40-42
[16]祝玉学.关于尾矿库工程中几个问题的讨论.金属矿山,1998,(10):7-10
[17]Harper TG,Mcleod HN,Davies MP.Seismic assessment of tailings dams.Civil Engineering,1992,62(12):64-66
[18]Scott MD,LoR C.Optimal tailings management at Highland Valley Copper.CIM Bulletin,1992,85(962):85-88
[19]祝玉学,戚国庆.尾矿库工程分析与管理.北京:冶金工业出版社,1999
[20]黄志全.边坡演化的非线性机制及滑坡预测预报研究:〔博士学位论文〕.北京:中国科学院地质研究所,1999
[21]黄志全,张长存,姜彤等.滑坡预报的协同一分岔模型及其应用,岩石力学与工程学 报,2002,21(4):498-501
[22]Darve F,Laouafa F.Instabilities in granular materials and application to landslides.Mechanics of Cohesive-Frictional Materials,2000,5(8):627-652
[23]Chao K P.Landslides modeled as bifurcations of creeping slopes with nonlinear friction law.International Journal of Solids and Structures,1995,32(23):3451-3464
[24]刘军,秦四清,张倬元.边坡岩体系统的非线性演化和分岔研究.成都理工学院学报,2000,27(4):379-382
[25]孙树林,侯玉宾.边坡水平卸荷裂隙的突变理论模型.河海大学学报,1997,25(6):4-7
[26]Qin s,Jiao J J,Wang s,et al.A nonlinear catastrophe model of instability of planar-slip slope and chaotic dynamical mechanisms of its evolutionary process.International Journal of Solids and Structures,2001,38(44-45):8093-8109
[27]Qin S,Jiao J J,Wang S.A cusp catastrophe model of instability of slip-buckling slope.Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2001,34(2):119-134
[28]许强.广义系统科学理论及其工程地质应用研究:(博士学位论文).成都:成都理工学院,1997
[29]曾开华、陆兆漆.边坡变形破坏预测的混沌与分形研究.河海大学学报,1995,27(3):9-13
[30]Lombardi G.On the limits of structural analysis of dams.International journal on Hydropower & Dams,1996,3(5):50-56
[31]Krinitzsky EL.Earthquake probability in engineering.Engineering Geology,1993,36(1-2):1-52
[32]吴中如,潘卫平分形几何理论在岩土边坡稳定性分析中的应用.水利学报,1996,(4):78-82
[33]李亮,傅鹤林.岩体节理裂惊特征的分形研究.铁道学报,2000,22(2):77-81
[34]Pelletier JD,Malamud BD,Blodgett T,etal.Scale-invariance of soil moisture variability and its implications for the frequency-size distribution of land slides.Engineering Geology,1 997,48(3-4):255-268
[35]Seidel J P,Haberfield C M.Laboratory testing of concrete-rack joints in constant normal stiffness direct shear.Geotechnical Testing Journal,2002,25(4):391-404
[36]Xiao Y X,Lee C F,Wang S J.Particle-size distribution of interlayer shear zone material and its implications in geological processes-A case study in China.Engineering Geology,2002,66(3-4):221-232
[37]吴中如,潘卫平.应用Lyapunov指数研究岩土边坡的稳定判据.岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(3).-217-223
[38]陈益峰,吕金虎,周创兵.基于Lyapunov指数改进算法的边坡位移预测.2001,20(5):671-675
[39]刘小丽,周德培.岩土边坡系统稳定性评价初探.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(9):1378-1382
[40]李建林,哈秋舫.岩土工程中的系统工程问题.三峡大学学报,2002,24(3):198-201
[41]陈有亮.岩体高边坡滑移与失稳的力学分析.煤炭学报,2000,25(6):598-601
[42]Ercanoglu M,Gokceoglu C.Assessment of landslide susceptibility for a landslide-prone area (north of Yenice,NW Turkey)by fuzzy approach.Environmental Geology,2002,41(6):720-730
[43]Liu X L,Wang S G,Zhang X B.Influence of geologic factors on landslides in Zhaotong,Yunnan Province,China.Environmental Geology and Water Sciences,1992,19(1):17-20
[44]黄铭,葛修润,王浩.灰色模型在岩体线法变形测量中的应用.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(2):235-238
[45]姜树海.大坝防洪安全的评估和校核.水利学报,1998(1):18-24
[46]姜树海.防洪设计标准和大坝的防洪安全.水利学报,1999(5):19-25
[47]Cheng S T,Yen B C,Tang W H.Stochastic risk modeling of dam overtopping.Reliability and Uncertainty Analyses in Hydraulic Design,1993:123-132
[48]Zhang Q.New approximate method to calculate the time-specific unreliability of a repairable system.Reliability Engineering&System Safety,1991,31(1):39-56
[49]Hasebe M,Nagayama Y.Reservoir operation using the neural network and fuzzy systems for dam control and operation support.Advances in Engineering Software,2002,33(5):245-260
[50]年国际大坝委员会,联合国环境计划署:尾矿坝:发生危险的可能性及从实践经验中吸取的教训.2001
[51]郦能惠.关于《尾矿坝面临的挑战》国际学术会议的报告.国际大坝委员会网站.2003http://www.icold-eigb.org.cn/icoid2OOO/y030821-05.htm
[52]蒋卫东,李夕兵.模糊灰色综合评价方法及在尾矿库安全管理中的应用.湘潭矿业学院学报.2002.(2).17-20
[53]张电吉,雷向进.龙形寨尾矿坝稳定性评价与综合治理研究.岩土力学.2003.24.(4).670-672
[54]腾志国.关于尾矿坝地震稳定性的分析及评价.河北冶金.2003.(1).16-17
[55]李夕兵,蒋卫东.汛期尾矿坝溃坝事故树分析.安全与环境学报.2001.(5).45-48
[56]李培良.上游式尾矿库沉积规律及扩容研究:〔博士学位论文〕.北京:北京科技大学,2005
[57]中华人民共和国建设部.选矿厂尾矿设施设计规范[S].1990
[58](美)Yang H.Huang,包承纲等译.土坡稳定分析〔M].北京:清华大学出版,1988
[59]速宝玉,赵坚,张祝添等.正置模型在尾矿坝空间渗流场电模拟试验中的应用金属矿山,1994,(3):27-29
[60]尚全夫,王少军.尾矿坝用沟或井列降低浸润线时的渗流计算.金属矿山,1989,(4):50-54
[61]潘惠芬,奕永超.上游法筑坝时放矿水对浸润线位置的影响.工业建筑,1990,(9):36-40
[62]速宝玉,赵坚.影响上游法尾矿坝渗流场的诸因素分析.河海大学学报,1991,19(6):57-63
[63]段其福,毛卫东,罗德洲等.尾矿坝浸润线降深自流排渗技术及应用.金属矿山,1997,(8):14-16
[64]沈献林.水平排渗技术在钟山铁矿尾矿坝上的应用.金属矿山,1998,(12):38-39
[65]刘辉,朱易春.冶金矿山危险源辨识与应急预案[J].南方金属.2004,(10):5-9
[66]吴穹,许开立.安全管理学[M].煤炭工业出版社,2002.181-193;
[67]鲍爱华.论金属矿山安全隐患的辨识与监控[J].采矿技术,2003,3(2),23-25.
[68]高进东,吴宗之.论我国重大危险源辨识标准.中国安全科学学报[J].1999,12(6):1-5
[69]中华人民共和国冶金部,中国有色金属工业总公司.冶金矿山尾矿设施管理规程.1990
[70]国家经贸委安全科学技术研究中心等.重大危险源辨识[S].2000
[71]李夕兵,蒋卫东等.汛期尾矿坝溃坝事故树分析.安全与环境学报[J].2001,(5):45-48
[72]赵晖.尾矿工程[M].冶金工业部长春黄金设计院.1986
[73]中国有色金属工业总公司.尾矿设施施工及验收规程[S].1995
[74]林善元,杨海明.实行分级管理法控制危险源[J].地质勘察安全.1997,(3):7-8
[75]Appendix.F.Solid Waste Management[M].EPA and Hardrock Mining.2003
[76]徐宏达.我国尾矿库病害事故统计分析[J].工业建筑.2001,(31):69-71
[77]田文旗.政府和企业对尾矿库安全管理的重点[J].劳动保护.2003,(9):2-4
[78]祝玉学.关于尾矿库工程中几个问题的讨论[J].金属矿山.1998,(10):7-11
[79]Anon.A review of tailings dam failures.International Water Power and Dam Construction,2001,53(5):40-42
[80]Dobry R,Alvaze L.Seismic Failures of Chilean Tailings Dams.Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation,1967,93(4):237-260
[81]Oksua S,Anma S.Slope Failures and Tailing Dams Damage in the1978 Izu-Oshima-Kinkai Earthquake.Engineering Geology,1980:195-224
[82]Fourie A B,B light G E,Papa Georgiou G.Static liquefaction as a possible explanation for the Merriespruit tailings dam failure.Canadian Geoteehnicai Journa 1,2001,38(4):707-719
[83]Vick S G.Tailings dam failure at Omai in Guyana.Mining Engineering,1996,48(11):34-37
[84]Harder L F J,Stewart J P.Failure of Tapo Canyon railings dam.Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,1996,10(3):109-114
[85]Marcus W A,Meyer G A,Nimmo D R.Geomorphie control of persistent mine impacts in a Yellowstone Park stream and implications for the recovery of fluvial systems. Geology,2001,29(4):355-358
[86]Harper T G,Mcleod H N,Davies M P.Seismic assessment of railings dams.Civil Engineering,1992,62(12):64-66
[87]林友.黄德镛.FTA在某露天矿边坡安全评价中的应用.昆明理工大学学报:理工版.2005(3)
[88]张景林,崔国璋.安全系统工程[M].煤炭工业出版社.2002
[89]丁军明,黄德镛等.尾矿库危险源辨识及事故预防.矿业快报.2006(7)
[90]汪元辉.安全系统工程.天津:天津大学出版社,1999
[91]《水工建筑物抗震设计规范》SL203-97.中华人民共和国水利部
[92]《运筹学》教材编写组.运筹学.北京:清华大学出版社
[92]钟甫宁,孙江明.农业科技示范园区评价指标体系的设立.现代农业.2007(1)