20t龙门起重机箱形主梁力学分析及优化设计
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摘要
本文阐述了国内外起重机行业的发展状况、发展动态及起重机械在现代制造业中的重要作用。通过对龙门起重机现状的研究,针对国内龙门起重机箱形主梁存在的偏重,耗材多,成本高等缺点,对主梁进行了力学分析和优化设计。
作者以甘肃省定西起重机厂生产的20t龙门起重机为对象进行了研究,在掌握大量实际生产应用的基础之上,用APDL语言以及参数化技术建立了龙门起重机结构的有限元参数化模型。这种建模方法在有限元分析过程中方便、快捷,特别是对模型的修改以及再次计算,不容易出错。
本文研究了20t龙门起重机结构的静态和动态力学特性。通过静力学分析,确定了载荷位于梁中、梁端两种位置的危险点,并对主梁的强度和刚度进行了校核;结合有限元参数化模型,对主梁进行了模态分析,提取了前10阶固有频率、主振型及振型图,对其结果进行了分析。在模态分析的基础上,通过谐响应分析,得出龙门起重机在受外界激励作用下各阶危险频率的变形情况,为设计提供了依据。
本文还对20t龙门起重机突然起吊的动载情况进行了瞬态分析。以主梁跨中满载时的轮轨接触点为基点,进行衰减振动分析,获得了龙门起重机突然起吊的瞬态动力响应,包括主梁垂直位移、垂直速度、垂直加速度与时间的响应曲线,得出衰减时间值,符合设汁规范的衰减时域。
用有限元软件ANSYS为工具,对主梁做了受力分析和优化设计,优化后的主梁截面尺寸更加合理。经过优化的设计,减少主梁材料为12.4%,从而可以使主梁重量得以减轻,降低了制造成本。
This thesis elaborated the situation, dynamic state and the direction of the development of the logistics equipment domestic and abroad currently, and the important function of logistics equipment in modern manufacturing industry. The paper also studies the present condition of gantry home and abroad, and researches mechanical analysis and optimization design of the main box girder. According to the shortcomings that the main girder of the portal gantry with box girder is over-weighted, needs more material and the cost is too higher.
The author goes into a deeply research on the 20t gantry crane that produced by DingXi crane factory. After studying masses of the data in the production application and comparing fully, builds a portal structure's parameterized FEM model using ANSYS internal command—APDL and parameterized method, which can modify and recalculate the model in FEM analyzing conveniently and quickly .
This paper studies the structure of 20t gantry cranes static and dynamic mechanical properties. According to the static analysis, determines the danger points when the load at beam and the beam end position, and then checks the strength and stiffness of the girder; at the same time, Combing of the finite element parametric model, researches the modal analysis of the girder, gain the first 10 former natural frequency and mode shapes, and finally analyze the results. According to the modal analysis, the harmonic response analysis, ensures the deformation of the frequency bands dangerous situation, which provides the basis for the design.
This article also studies the transient analysis of the 20t gantry crane when it lifting suddenly. Regard the contacting point which produced on the middle girder at the full load as basic point, analyses the vibration attenuation, gains the transient dynamic response which includes beam vertical displacement, vertical speed, vertical acceleration and time response curves, decay time. From the results, we can know that it meets the design specifications.
The thesis researches mechanical analysis and optimization design of the main box girder based on the senior applied technique of ANSYS. From the results, we can see that the structure of the main box girder is more rational. After optimization. 12.4% material will be reduced, so if using the optimized result, can make to reduce the weight of the main girder, reducing the manufacturing costs.
作者以甘肃省定西起重机厂生产的20t龙门起重机为对象进行了研究,在掌握大量实际生产应用的基础之上,用APDL语言以及参数化技术建立了龙门起重机结构的有限元参数化模型。这种建模方法在有限元分析过程中方便、快捷,特别是对模型的修改以及再次计算,不容易出错。
本文研究了20t龙门起重机结构的静态和动态力学特性。通过静力学分析,确定了载荷位于梁中、梁端两种位置的危险点,并对主梁的强度和刚度进行了校核;结合有限元参数化模型,对主梁进行了模态分析,提取了前10阶固有频率、主振型及振型图,对其结果进行了分析。在模态分析的基础上,通过谐响应分析,得出龙门起重机在受外界激励作用下各阶危险频率的变形情况,为设计提供了依据。
本文还对20t龙门起重机突然起吊的动载情况进行了瞬态分析。以主梁跨中满载时的轮轨接触点为基点,进行衰减振动分析,获得了龙门起重机突然起吊的瞬态动力响应,包括主梁垂直位移、垂直速度、垂直加速度与时间的响应曲线,得出衰减时间值,符合设汁规范的衰减时域。
用有限元软件ANSYS为工具,对主梁做了受力分析和优化设计,优化后的主梁截面尺寸更加合理。经过优化的设计,减少主梁材料为12.4%,从而可以使主梁重量得以减轻,降低了制造成本。
This thesis elaborated the situation, dynamic state and the direction of the development of the logistics equipment domestic and abroad currently, and the important function of logistics equipment in modern manufacturing industry. The paper also studies the present condition of gantry home and abroad, and researches mechanical analysis and optimization design of the main box girder. According to the shortcomings that the main girder of the portal gantry with box girder is over-weighted, needs more material and the cost is too higher.
The author goes into a deeply research on the 20t gantry crane that produced by DingXi crane factory. After studying masses of the data in the production application and comparing fully, builds a portal structure's parameterized FEM model using ANSYS internal command—APDL and parameterized method, which can modify and recalculate the model in FEM analyzing conveniently and quickly .
This paper studies the structure of 20t gantry cranes static and dynamic mechanical properties. According to the static analysis, determines the danger points when the load at beam and the beam end position, and then checks the strength and stiffness of the girder; at the same time, Combing of the finite element parametric model, researches the modal analysis of the girder, gain the first 10 former natural frequency and mode shapes, and finally analyze the results. According to the modal analysis, the harmonic response analysis, ensures the deformation of the frequency bands dangerous situation, which provides the basis for the design.
This article also studies the transient analysis of the 20t gantry crane when it lifting suddenly. Regard the contacting point which produced on the middle girder at the full load as basic point, analyses the vibration attenuation, gains the transient dynamic response which includes beam vertical displacement, vertical speed, vertical acceleration and time response curves, decay time. From the results, we can know that it meets the design specifications.
The thesis researches mechanical analysis and optimization design of the main box girder based on the senior applied technique of ANSYS. From the results, we can see that the structure of the main box girder is more rational. After optimization. 12.4% material will be reduced, so if using the optimized result, can make to reduce the weight of the main girder, reducing the manufacturing costs.
引文
[1]黄大巍,李风,毛文杰等.现代起重运输机械[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006
[2]须雷.现代起重机的特征和发展趋势[J].起重运输机械,1997,10
[3]邱栋良.国内外起重机发展动态[J].起重运输机械,1997,8
[4]倪庆兴.起重机械[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1990
[5]西南交通大学起重运输机械教研室.龙门起重机[M].北京:人民铁道出版社,1978
[6]王金诺.起重运输机金属结构[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1983
[7]严大考.起重机械[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2003
[8]φ.K.伊万琴柯等.起重运输机械计算[M].沈静宝,陈国章,何玉章等译.北京:中国铁道出版社,1982
[9]《起重机设计手册》编写组.起重机设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1980
[10]王超峰.集装箱轨道龙门起重机及关键技术研究[D]:[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2002
[11]龚培康.汽车拖拉机有限元基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995,10:366-380
[12]朱伯芳.有限元法原理与应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998
[13]杨荣柏,谢月云,钟华珍.机械结构分析的有限元法[M].武汉:华中工学院出版社,1986
[14]刘涛.精通ANSYS[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002,9
[15]ANSYSInc.ANSYS8.0 Documentation[S].2006:1255-1340
[16]龙正国,浏云生.龙门起重机操作培训仿真系统建模问题研究[J].华中科技大学学报,2003,01
[17]刘宗法.单层球面网壳的优化设计[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2005,2
[18]梁光辉.港口机械静动态性能有限元分析和结构优化[D]:[同济大学硕士学位沦文].上海:同济大学,2001
[19]Dipankar Chakravorty,J.N.Bandyopadhyay,P.K.Sinha.Finite element free vibration analysis of conoidal shells[J].Computer&structures,1995
[20]Stefan Reh,Jean-Daniel Beley.Probabi listic finite element analysis using ANSYS[J].Structural Safety,2006,28
[21]Sun Z,Yang H.Development of a finite element simulation system for the tube axial compressive precision forming processed[J].International Journal of Machine Tools Manufl,2002,1:15-20
[22]Rao S S.The Finite Element Method in Structural Mechanics[M].Academic Press,1982
[23]R Anderl,RMendgen.Modeling with constration:theoretical foundation and application[J].Computer-Aide Design,1996,28(3)
[24]Elllot,WS.Computer-Aided Mechanical Engineering[J].Computer-Aided Design,1989,12
[25]刘延柱,陈文良,陈立群.振动力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[26]师汉民,吴雅.机械振动系统[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1992.11
[27]大久保信行.机械模态分析[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1985
[28]K.J巴斯.工程分析中的有限元法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1991
[29]长春影.门式起重机结构动态特性分析[D]:[大连理工大学硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2005
[30]GB3811-83.起重机设计规范[S].北京:国家标准局出版社,1983
[31]齐慧,杨屹,蒋玉明.基于ANSYS软件二次开发的铸造充型和凝固耦合过程数值模拟研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2001
[32]吴凤宇.岸边集装箱起重机起升与小车运行工况动力学仿真[D]:[同济大学硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2002
[33]雷庆秋.集装箱门式起重机结构选型与参数化分析软件研究[D]:[西南交通大学硕士学位论文].西安:西南交通大学,2003
[34]徐承军.港口起重机金属结构安全性评价方法[D]:[武汉交通科技大学颂士学位论文].武汉:武汉交通科技大学,1999
[35]杨为.复杂结构静、动态特性的若干关键问题研究[D]:[浙江大学博士后学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2003
[36]Sun Guangfu.Dynamic responses of hydraulic mobile crane with consideration of the drive system[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2002,12:1489-1580
[37]Demirsoy.M,Zeren.E.Stress analysis at the most critical cross sections on the main frames of a tower crane.Modelling[M].Measurement and Conrtol B,2005,23-40
[38]胡宗武,阎以诵.起重机动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1988
[39]Baz,A,Ruzzene,M.Dynamic stability of periodic shells with moving loads[J].Jounral of Sound and Vibration,2006,830-840
[40]Ma Cuixia,Meng Xiangxu.Parametric design method based on directed acyclic hypergraph and object oriented technology[J].IEEE,July 2000
[41]Wu.Jia-fang.Finite element analysis and vibration testing of a three-dimensional crane sturcture[J].Journal of the International Measurement Confederation,2006,740-749
[42]Choo.YS,Ju.F,Cui.RS.Dynamic response of tower crane induced by the pendulum motion of the payload.International[J].Journal of Solids and Sturctures,2006,376-389
[43]布劳德.机械可靠性和统计动力学[M].北京:中国铁道出版社
[44]胡如夫,吴南星,孙庆鸿.机械结构虚拟优化设计技术与应用研究[M].2004,6(10)
[45]魏丰登,刘海军.组合网架系统迭代优化设计方法[J].钢结构,2000(4),Vol.15.No.50
[46]简洪平.大跨度空间网架结构优化设计[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2001
[47]J.Romero,P.C.Mappa.Optimal truss design including plastic collapse constraints[J].Research paper,2004
[48]U.Kirsch,A unified reanlysis approach for structural analysis[J].design and optimization,Review article,stuct Multidisc Optim25,2003
[49]D.Wang and W.H.Zhang,Combined shape and sizing optimization of truss structures[J].Computational Mechanics,29(2002)
[50]IH Marshall and E.Demuts,optimum design of composite structures[J].London:Elsevier Applied Science,1990
[2]须雷.现代起重机的特征和发展趋势[J].起重运输机械,1997,10
[3]邱栋良.国内外起重机发展动态[J].起重运输机械,1997,8
[4]倪庆兴.起重机械[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1990
[5]西南交通大学起重运输机械教研室.龙门起重机[M].北京:人民铁道出版社,1978
[6]王金诺.起重运输机金属结构[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1983
[7]严大考.起重机械[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2003
[8]φ.K.伊万琴柯等.起重运输机械计算[M].沈静宝,陈国章,何玉章等译.北京:中国铁道出版社,1982
[9]《起重机设计手册》编写组.起重机设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1980
[10]王超峰.集装箱轨道龙门起重机及关键技术研究[D]:[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2002
[11]龚培康.汽车拖拉机有限元基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995,10:366-380
[12]朱伯芳.有限元法原理与应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998
[13]杨荣柏,谢月云,钟华珍.机械结构分析的有限元法[M].武汉:华中工学院出版社,1986
[14]刘涛.精通ANSYS[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002,9
[15]ANSYSInc.ANSYS8.0 Documentation[S].2006:1255-1340
[16]龙正国,浏云生.龙门起重机操作培训仿真系统建模问题研究[J].华中科技大学学报,2003,01
[17]刘宗法.单层球面网壳的优化设计[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2005,2
[18]梁光辉.港口机械静动态性能有限元分析和结构优化[D]:[同济大学硕士学位沦文].上海:同济大学,2001
[19]Dipankar Chakravorty,J.N.Bandyopadhyay,P.K.Sinha.Finite element free vibration analysis of conoidal shells[J].Computer&structures,1995
[20]Stefan Reh,Jean-Daniel Beley.Probabi listic finite element analysis using ANSYS[J].Structural Safety,2006,28
[21]Sun Z,Yang H.Development of a finite element simulation system for the tube axial compressive precision forming processed[J].International Journal of Machine Tools Manufl,2002,1:15-20
[22]Rao S S.The Finite Element Method in Structural Mechanics[M].Academic Press,1982
[23]R Anderl,RMendgen.Modeling with constration:theoretical foundation and application[J].Computer-Aide Design,1996,28(3)
[24]Elllot,WS.Computer-Aided Mechanical Engineering[J].Computer-Aided Design,1989,12
[25]刘延柱,陈文良,陈立群.振动力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[26]师汉民,吴雅.机械振动系统[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1992.11
[27]大久保信行.机械模态分析[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1985
[28]K.J巴斯.工程分析中的有限元法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1991
[29]长春影.门式起重机结构动态特性分析[D]:[大连理工大学硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2005
[30]GB3811-83.起重机设计规范[S].北京:国家标准局出版社,1983
[31]齐慧,杨屹,蒋玉明.基于ANSYS软件二次开发的铸造充型和凝固耦合过程数值模拟研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2001
[32]吴凤宇.岸边集装箱起重机起升与小车运行工况动力学仿真[D]:[同济大学硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2002
[33]雷庆秋.集装箱门式起重机结构选型与参数化分析软件研究[D]:[西南交通大学硕士学位论文].西安:西南交通大学,2003
[34]徐承军.港口起重机金属结构安全性评价方法[D]:[武汉交通科技大学颂士学位论文].武汉:武汉交通科技大学,1999
[35]杨为.复杂结构静、动态特性的若干关键问题研究[D]:[浙江大学博士后学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2003
[36]Sun Guangfu.Dynamic responses of hydraulic mobile crane with consideration of the drive system[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2002,12:1489-1580
[37]Demirsoy.M,Zeren.E.Stress analysis at the most critical cross sections on the main frames of a tower crane.Modelling[M].Measurement and Conrtol B,2005,23-40
[38]胡宗武,阎以诵.起重机动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1988
[39]Baz,A,Ruzzene,M.Dynamic stability of periodic shells with moving loads[J].Jounral of Sound and Vibration,2006,830-840
[40]Ma Cuixia,Meng Xiangxu.Parametric design method based on directed acyclic hypergraph and object oriented technology[J].IEEE,July 2000
[41]Wu.Jia-fang.Finite element analysis and vibration testing of a three-dimensional crane sturcture[J].Journal of the International Measurement Confederation,2006,740-749
[42]Choo.YS,Ju.F,Cui.RS.Dynamic response of tower crane induced by the pendulum motion of the payload.International[J].Journal of Solids and Sturctures,2006,376-389
[43]布劳德.机械可靠性和统计动力学[M].北京:中国铁道出版社
[44]胡如夫,吴南星,孙庆鸿.机械结构虚拟优化设计技术与应用研究[M].2004,6(10)
[45]魏丰登,刘海军.组合网架系统迭代优化设计方法[J].钢结构,2000(4),Vol.15.No.50
[46]简洪平.大跨度空间网架结构优化设计[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2001
[47]J.Romero,P.C.Mappa.Optimal truss design including plastic collapse constraints[J].Research paper,2004
[48]U.Kirsch,A unified reanlysis approach for structural analysis[J].design and optimization,Review article,stuct Multidisc Optim25,2003
[49]D.Wang and W.H.Zhang,Combined shape and sizing optimization of truss structures[J].Computational Mechanics,29(2002)
[50]IH Marshall and E.Demuts,optimum design of composite structures[J].London:Elsevier Applied Science,1990