晋县凹陷赵州桥油田古近系沉积微相及有利储层预测研究
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摘要
本文以沉积学理论为指导,以冀中坳陷晋县凹陷中南部赵州桥油田为研究区,古近系沙河街组沙三、沙四段为研究层位,综合钻井、测井、地震等资料进行沉积微相及有利储层预测研究。
在岩性、测井、地震相标志等分析的基础上,通过单井相分析和剖面对比,对赵州桥油田沙河街组沙三、沙四段的沉积特征、砂体展布规律及控制因素进行研究。研究结果表明,主要发育三角洲及滨浅湖滩坝两种沉积相类型。其中滩坝砂体存在两种类型:一种为风暴浪改造湖岸砂体而成的近岸滩坝;另一种为正常湖流、湖浪改造三角洲前缘砂体而成的三角洲侧缘滩坝。古构造背景、风暴浪作用、波浪作用的方向、充足的物源、古气候与古风向及古地形特征等是控制本区滩坝形成和分布的主要因素,在此基础上建立了三种滩坝成因模式。
赵州桥油田中南部沙四段沉积时期发育大量灰黑色泥岩与膏岩互层沉积,经沉积特征、古构造、古气候、古盐度等综合分析,认为其为深水间歇盐湖成因,晋县凹陷东部边缘及凹陷内剧烈活动的深大张性断裂和一系列同生正断层为沟通凹陷与地壳深部盐类物质的通道。
在岩心观察的基础上,结合区域构造背景研究,识别出赵州桥油田古近系与地震作用有关的软沉积物变形构造,主要类型有层内阶梯状断层、振动液化卷曲变形构造、负载构造等。震积岩主要发育在沙四段,而沙三段基本不发育,这说明沙四段沉积时期构造运动较沙三段强烈,从沉积学角度证明震积岩发育时期也正是中央背斜带的主要形成时期。另外地震作用使储层产生较多的微裂缝,提高了储层的渗透率,改善储集物性。
薄片分析发现赵州桥油田存在酸、碱两种类型的成岩环境,中南部储层以碱性成岩作用为主,石英颗粒及加大边溶蚀孔隙为主要储集空间类型;研究区北部1750m以上碎屑岩储层由于有机质成烃反应生成的酸性物质大量进入而使水介质条件呈酸性,此阶段碳酸盐矿物溶蚀极大的提高了储层储集物性。
综合上述研究,认为赵州桥油田主要发育3个次生孔隙带,分别对应沙三Ⅲ油组、沙四Ⅱ、Ⅳ油组,结合平面沉积微相分析发现三角洲前缘河口坝、水下分流河道、滨浅湖滩坝相储集物性最好,具有良好的油气储集条件,可作为赵州桥油田下一步勘探开发的重点。
The article has studied the sedimentary microfacies and favorable reservoir prediction in time of ES3-ES4 of Zhao Zhouqiao Oilfield which lies in the central south of Jinxian depression, by analyzing the relevant information such as drilling core description, well-log and seismic data with the direction of sedimentological theory.
Based on the analysis of lithologic character, well-log and seismic data, combining with the correlations of single well facies and profile facies, the systemic studies of sedimentary characterization, spacial spreads of sandbodies and controlling factors of ES3-ES4 of Zhao Zhouqiao Oilfield are done. The study indicates that inherited developing characteristic of the sandbodies are obviously, and the main sedimentary facies in the area are delta and beach-bar. There are two kinds of genetic types of the beach-bar: the one is nearshore-bar, which comes from lakeshore sandbodies reformed by strom wave; the other comes from belta which reformed by normal wave and sedimented beside the belta front. The palaeotectonic setting, effects of the wind-storm, the direction of the wave action, abundant provenance, palaeoclimate and palaeowind direction were the main factors which controll the forming and distribution of the bar. Three models can be builded on the base of that.
There are great quantities of interbedded deposits of greyblack mudstone and gypsum rock in Es4 in the middle and southern of Zhao Zhouqiao Oilfield. The origion is evaporating of episodic deepwater salt lake, studied by sedimentary feature, palaeotectonics, palaeoclimate and palaeosalinity. The aisles connecting Jinxian Depression with the salts in the deep of the earth's crust are the intense fracturing discordogenic faults and a series of growth normal faults in both the inner and the eastern edge of the sag.
On the basis of the drill core observation and the study of regional tectonic setting, soft sediment deformation structures related to earthquake of the paleogene period are recognized in Zhao Zhouqiao Oilfield, which include step faults inner the lay, liquefied curling deformation structures, load structures, and so on. The seismites were mainly developed in Es_4, but not occurred in Es_3. The fact reveals that the tectonic movement has been actived during Es4.The period of the seismites develped just fits the period of the central anticlinal zone. A great amount of micro-fractures formed and connected with original pore when the earthquake was active. The permeability and physical property of reservoirs can be improved obviously. Seismites are potential reservoirs and will become new exploration aims in the near future.
There are both acidic and alkali diagenetic environments in Zhao Zhouqiao Oilfield. Alkali diagenism environment is the main type in Middle-Southern part of the oilfield. The pores of quartz grain and the overgrowth are the main types of the storage.In the Northern part of the research field, the aqueous medium condition is acidic by the incursion of the acidic mass which was from the process of the organic material changed into hydrocarbon in the clastic reservoir above 1750m. During this period, the corrosion of the carbonate rock highly improved the capacity of the storage.
Three zones of secondary pore are developed in Zhaozhouqiao oilfield, including III oil layer in Member 3, II and IV oil layer in Member 4 of Shahejie Formation. Delta front mouth bar, distributary channel under water and offmeare bar have good capacity as the reservoir through analysing the distribution of the microface in the plane. These microfaces can be treated as the point of the exploratory development in the future.
在岩性、测井、地震相标志等分析的基础上,通过单井相分析和剖面对比,对赵州桥油田沙河街组沙三、沙四段的沉积特征、砂体展布规律及控制因素进行研究。研究结果表明,主要发育三角洲及滨浅湖滩坝两种沉积相类型。其中滩坝砂体存在两种类型:一种为风暴浪改造湖岸砂体而成的近岸滩坝;另一种为正常湖流、湖浪改造三角洲前缘砂体而成的三角洲侧缘滩坝。古构造背景、风暴浪作用、波浪作用的方向、充足的物源、古气候与古风向及古地形特征等是控制本区滩坝形成和分布的主要因素,在此基础上建立了三种滩坝成因模式。
赵州桥油田中南部沙四段沉积时期发育大量灰黑色泥岩与膏岩互层沉积,经沉积特征、古构造、古气候、古盐度等综合分析,认为其为深水间歇盐湖成因,晋县凹陷东部边缘及凹陷内剧烈活动的深大张性断裂和一系列同生正断层为沟通凹陷与地壳深部盐类物质的通道。
在岩心观察的基础上,结合区域构造背景研究,识别出赵州桥油田古近系与地震作用有关的软沉积物变形构造,主要类型有层内阶梯状断层、振动液化卷曲变形构造、负载构造等。震积岩主要发育在沙四段,而沙三段基本不发育,这说明沙四段沉积时期构造运动较沙三段强烈,从沉积学角度证明震积岩发育时期也正是中央背斜带的主要形成时期。另外地震作用使储层产生较多的微裂缝,提高了储层的渗透率,改善储集物性。
薄片分析发现赵州桥油田存在酸、碱两种类型的成岩环境,中南部储层以碱性成岩作用为主,石英颗粒及加大边溶蚀孔隙为主要储集空间类型;研究区北部1750m以上碎屑岩储层由于有机质成烃反应生成的酸性物质大量进入而使水介质条件呈酸性,此阶段碳酸盐矿物溶蚀极大的提高了储层储集物性。
综合上述研究,认为赵州桥油田主要发育3个次生孔隙带,分别对应沙三Ⅲ油组、沙四Ⅱ、Ⅳ油组,结合平面沉积微相分析发现三角洲前缘河口坝、水下分流河道、滨浅湖滩坝相储集物性最好,具有良好的油气储集条件,可作为赵州桥油田下一步勘探开发的重点。
The article has studied the sedimentary microfacies and favorable reservoir prediction in time of ES3-ES4 of Zhao Zhouqiao Oilfield which lies in the central south of Jinxian depression, by analyzing the relevant information such as drilling core description, well-log and seismic data with the direction of sedimentological theory.
Based on the analysis of lithologic character, well-log and seismic data, combining with the correlations of single well facies and profile facies, the systemic studies of sedimentary characterization, spacial spreads of sandbodies and controlling factors of ES3-ES4 of Zhao Zhouqiao Oilfield are done. The study indicates that inherited developing characteristic of the sandbodies are obviously, and the main sedimentary facies in the area are delta and beach-bar. There are two kinds of genetic types of the beach-bar: the one is nearshore-bar, which comes from lakeshore sandbodies reformed by strom wave; the other comes from belta which reformed by normal wave and sedimented beside the belta front. The palaeotectonic setting, effects of the wind-storm, the direction of the wave action, abundant provenance, palaeoclimate and palaeowind direction were the main factors which controll the forming and distribution of the bar. Three models can be builded on the base of that.
There are great quantities of interbedded deposits of greyblack mudstone and gypsum rock in Es4 in the middle and southern of Zhao Zhouqiao Oilfield. The origion is evaporating of episodic deepwater salt lake, studied by sedimentary feature, palaeotectonics, palaeoclimate and palaeosalinity. The aisles connecting Jinxian Depression with the salts in the deep of the earth's crust are the intense fracturing discordogenic faults and a series of growth normal faults in both the inner and the eastern edge of the sag.
On the basis of the drill core observation and the study of regional tectonic setting, soft sediment deformation structures related to earthquake of the paleogene period are recognized in Zhao Zhouqiao Oilfield, which include step faults inner the lay, liquefied curling deformation structures, load structures, and so on. The seismites were mainly developed in Es_4, but not occurred in Es_3. The fact reveals that the tectonic movement has been actived during Es4.The period of the seismites develped just fits the period of the central anticlinal zone. A great amount of micro-fractures formed and connected with original pore when the earthquake was active. The permeability and physical property of reservoirs can be improved obviously. Seismites are potential reservoirs and will become new exploration aims in the near future.
There are both acidic and alkali diagenetic environments in Zhao Zhouqiao Oilfield. Alkali diagenism environment is the main type in Middle-Southern part of the oilfield. The pores of quartz grain and the overgrowth are the main types of the storage.In the Northern part of the research field, the aqueous medium condition is acidic by the incursion of the acidic mass which was from the process of the organic material changed into hydrocarbon in the clastic reservoir above 1750m. During this period, the corrosion of the carbonate rock highly improved the capacity of the storage.
Three zones of secondary pore are developed in Zhaozhouqiao oilfield, including III oil layer in Member 3, II and IV oil layer in Member 4 of Shahejie Formation. Delta front mouth bar, distributary channel under water and offmeare bar have good capacity as the reservoir through analysing the distribution of the microface in the plane. These microfaces can be treated as the point of the exploratory development in the future.
引文
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