急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层保护范围的研究
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摘要
随着矿井开采深度的增加,煤与瓦斯突出矿井的增多,开采保护层是在开采突出煤层群时一项重要局部防突安全措施。针对急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层开采的保护范围划定存在问题,以东林煤矿3-1区急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层开采为研究背景,通过理论分析、现场研究和数值模拟三者相结合,研究了急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层开采保护范围划定方法。
1)分析了东林煤矿3-1区选择下保护层开采的可行性。
2)确定了东林煤矿急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层开采上覆煤岩活动变形形态,其表现为上覆围岩移动形成“竖三带”和“横三带”;同时在开切眼和工作面煤壁附近出现压力集中,在采空区对应的中部则出现压力释放。
3)通过对东林煤矿急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层K6煤层开采后被保护层K4煤层瓦斯压力和瓦斯流量现场研究,得出了急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层开采导致被保护层瓦斯压力呈现“四带”分布以及瓦斯流量呈现“M”状态分布;确定了下保护层倾向下山方向的卸压保护角为86°和沿走向的卸压保护角范围为45°～72.47°。
4)通过东林煤矿急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层开采的三维数值模拟,确定了随着下保护层工作面的推进,被保护层应力和煤层变形规律;根据保护层开采后的应力卸压保护准则和煤层变形保护准则,确定了急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层K6开采后被保护层K4沿倾向上、下保护卸压角分别为82°和84.9°;而沿走向卸压角呈不规则分布,其范围为48.9°～73.6°,采空区对应的中部走向卸压角最大为73.6°,下部次之为54°,上部最小为48.9°。
5)通过数值模拟结果和现场研究结果对比分析,两种方法所得急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层K6开采后被保护层K4沿倾向下保护卸压角的相对误差为1.3%,沿走向卸压角相对误差为1.6%~7.9%。说明用数值分析方法模拟开采急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层具有可靠性。
东林煤矿下保护层保护范围的划定对下保护层K6开采后被保护层K4工作面的布置具有很强的指导意义。
As the mining depth increased in the mine, coal and gas outburst prone mine manifolded, mining protection seam became an important safe measure in local prevention and control when mining crop out seam group.Aimed at the existed problems to demarcation of protection scope of nether protective seam in exploiting steeply inclined seam. With the background of nether protective seam in exploiting steeply inclined seam in 3-1 Dong-Lin mining.Combining with theory analysis, on-site research and numerical simulation, studied the methods of demarcating protection scope of nether protective seam in exploiting steeply inclined seam mining.
1) Analyzed the feasibility of selecting nether protective seam mining from 3-1 Dong-Lin mining.
2) Identified the coal and rock deformation patterns of activity in Dong-lin coal mine while exploiting steeply inclined seam with under-protective Seam. Ambient moving rock formed“vertical three straps”and“horizontal three straps”; at the same time, the stress of the above rock has changed because of exploiting nether protective seam, the pressure has centralized near incision and working face, while the pressure has realized corresponding hollow area after exploitation.
3) Many holes were lie to observe the transformation of pressure and flux in the protective layer (K4) opposite the protecting layer (K6) while pushing working face. Analyzing the data, the“Four-zone”range of the gas pressure and the“M”range of the gas flux along with the mining down-protective layer were studied. Based on the transition of the gas pressure, the inclined protective layer has a pressure relief angle of 86°; while based on the transition of the gas pressure and the gas flux, the protective angle along the oblique working face of the protective layer is 45°～72.47°.
4) Through making use of 3D-software to simulate exploiting nether protective seam, observing changing process of stress field and deformation field of protected layer, the rule is defined that the pressure and strain of protected layer is changing as the working face is pushing. Based on the protection rule of the deformation and stress pressure-relief of protective layer mining, the inclined protected scope of protective layer K6 was demarcated,the up and down pressure-relief angles along inclined of steep-dipping lower protective layer is 82°～84.9°, the pressure-relief angle along the level of nether protective layer is anomaly, the range is 48.9°～73.6°; the pressure-relief angle corresponding hollow area after exploitation is the biggest, which is 73.6°; the down one is smaller, which is 54°; and the up is 48.9°.
5) By contrast with spot and numerical simulation results, after steeply inclined and pitching oblique lower protective seam (K6)in steeply inclined, the relative error of the lower protective pressure-relief angle of protected seam (K4 ) by incline between the two methods was 1.3%, and in strike was 1.6%~7.9%. This indicated that it was reliability to simulate mining pitching oblique lower protective seam by numerical analysis method.
The demarcation of nether protective seam in Dong-Lin mine can operate the disposal of the protected working face K4 in exploiting nether protective seam K6.
1)分析了东林煤矿3-1区选择下保护层开采的可行性。
2)确定了东林煤矿急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层开采上覆煤岩活动变形形态,其表现为上覆围岩移动形成“竖三带”和“横三带”;同时在开切眼和工作面煤壁附近出现压力集中,在采空区对应的中部则出现压力释放。
3)通过对东林煤矿急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层K6煤层开采后被保护层K4煤层瓦斯压力和瓦斯流量现场研究,得出了急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层开采导致被保护层瓦斯压力呈现“四带”分布以及瓦斯流量呈现“M”状态分布;确定了下保护层倾向下山方向的卸压保护角为86°和沿走向的卸压保护角范围为45°～72.47°。
4)通过东林煤矿急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层开采的三维数值模拟,确定了随着下保护层工作面的推进,被保护层应力和煤层变形规律;根据保护层开采后的应力卸压保护准则和煤层变形保护准则,确定了急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层K6开采后被保护层K4沿倾向上、下保护卸压角分别为82°和84.9°;而沿走向卸压角呈不规则分布,其范围为48.9°～73.6°,采空区对应的中部走向卸压角最大为73.6°,下部次之为54°,上部最小为48.9°。
5)通过数值模拟结果和现场研究结果对比分析,两种方法所得急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层K6开采后被保护层K4沿倾向下保护卸压角的相对误差为1.3%,沿走向卸压角相对误差为1.6%~7.9%。说明用数值分析方法模拟开采急倾斜俯伪斜下保护层具有可靠性。
东林煤矿下保护层保护范围的划定对下保护层K6开采后被保护层K4工作面的布置具有很强的指导意义。
As the mining depth increased in the mine, coal and gas outburst prone mine manifolded, mining protection seam became an important safe measure in local prevention and control when mining crop out seam group.Aimed at the existed problems to demarcation of protection scope of nether protective seam in exploiting steeply inclined seam. With the background of nether protective seam in exploiting steeply inclined seam in 3-1 Dong-Lin mining.Combining with theory analysis, on-site research and numerical simulation, studied the methods of demarcating protection scope of nether protective seam in exploiting steeply inclined seam mining.
1) Analyzed the feasibility of selecting nether protective seam mining from 3-1 Dong-Lin mining.
2) Identified the coal and rock deformation patterns of activity in Dong-lin coal mine while exploiting steeply inclined seam with under-protective Seam. Ambient moving rock formed“vertical three straps”and“horizontal three straps”; at the same time, the stress of the above rock has changed because of exploiting nether protective seam, the pressure has centralized near incision and working face, while the pressure has realized corresponding hollow area after exploitation.
3) Many holes were lie to observe the transformation of pressure and flux in the protective layer (K4) opposite the protecting layer (K6) while pushing working face. Analyzing the data, the“Four-zone”range of the gas pressure and the“M”range of the gas flux along with the mining down-protective layer were studied. Based on the transition of the gas pressure, the inclined protective layer has a pressure relief angle of 86°; while based on the transition of the gas pressure and the gas flux, the protective angle along the oblique working face of the protective layer is 45°～72.47°.
4) Through making use of 3D-software to simulate exploiting nether protective seam, observing changing process of stress field and deformation field of protected layer, the rule is defined that the pressure and strain of protected layer is changing as the working face is pushing. Based on the protection rule of the deformation and stress pressure-relief of protective layer mining, the inclined protected scope of protective layer K6 was demarcated,the up and down pressure-relief angles along inclined of steep-dipping lower protective layer is 82°～84.9°, the pressure-relief angle along the level of nether protective layer is anomaly, the range is 48.9°～73.6°; the pressure-relief angle corresponding hollow area after exploitation is the biggest, which is 73.6°; the down one is smaller, which is 54°; and the up is 48.9°.
5) By contrast with spot and numerical simulation results, after steeply inclined and pitching oblique lower protective seam (K6)in steeply inclined, the relative error of the lower protective pressure-relief angle of protected seam (K4 ) by incline between the two methods was 1.3%, and in strike was 1.6%~7.9%. This indicated that it was reliability to simulate mining pitching oblique lower protective seam by numerical analysis method.
The demarcation of nether protective seam in Dong-Lin mine can operate the disposal of the protected working face K4 in exploiting nether protective seam K6.
引文
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