东北城市历史性建筑广场景观整合设计研究
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摘要
随着中国经济的发展、振兴东北老工业基地战略的提出,东北城市的发展日新月异,现有的城市广场空间很难继续满足人们的生产生活需要,同时在中国的东北地区各城市,又各自拥有着不同的历史背景与深厚的历史文化资源,如何能够在城市发展的进程中,保持城市历史文脉的延续性、城市文化特色的完整性成为城市发展过程中必然出现的问题。
历史性建筑作为城市记忆、历史文脉的主要载体,对历史性建筑的保护已经越来越受到重视。而广场作为城市公共空间的重要形式之一,合理科学的历史性建筑广场设计将成为历史性建筑保护的重要手段,能够为城市历史文脉的延续发挥作用。因多数东北城市历史性建筑所在区域均为老城区,历史性建筑广场已经存在,更多的是需要对其进行景观的整合设计。
本文以东北城市历史性建筑广场为研究对象,旨对东北城市历史性建筑广场景观整合设计进行研究,对东北城市历史性建筑广场存在的问题进行分析,寻找可行的解决办法。通过对东北几个主要城市沈阳、长春、哈尔滨的历史性建筑广场进行现状调查,提出东北城市历史性建筑广场普遍存在的问题。在对东北城市历史性建筑广场的分类、影响因素及广场周围环境分别进行了阐释后,提出针对东北城市历史性建筑广场存在问题具有指导性的设计原则和在广场空间、功能、风格、物质要素等层面的具体设计手法。
东北城市历史性建筑广场景观整合设计除了要对现存的问题进行共性的整合,还要充分考虑到城市的地域性特色和历史文脉的保护,为整个东北城市的发展起到积极的作用。
Along with the development of Chinese economy, Revitalizing the old industrial bases in northeast China strategy proposed, development of the northeast city is very quickly, The space of city square is very difficult satisfy to people’s requirement of the production and living now, by the way, in the northeast area of China, Every one has the different historical background and deep in the past of culture, How can holding to continue the history of the city, the integrity of the city’s characteristic culture, n the development of the city, It has become an inescapable problem in the urban development process. Carries on the analysis to their main historical construction square landscape design.
The historical architecture is the main carrier for the memories of the Urban and history, the protect for the historical architecture, Already got recognition more and more. the square shi one of city public space, Reasonable and science historical architecture square design, will become the important artifice for protect historical architecture, will exert contiuable for city history.
This article is study about northeast city historical architecture square Landscape Design. The introduction, explanation the backdrop and meaning of the article, to construe about study actuality of the article, Meanwhile has limit to the conception, and educe study content and technique verdict of article, Through investigation, raised the problem, after analysis categories of square, impact,environment, Raised the principle and practices of the square landscape design.
Except the common, the design must attention: protection the city history, Play a positive role for the northeast of China.
历史性建筑作为城市记忆、历史文脉的主要载体,对历史性建筑的保护已经越来越受到重视。而广场作为城市公共空间的重要形式之一,合理科学的历史性建筑广场设计将成为历史性建筑保护的重要手段,能够为城市历史文脉的延续发挥作用。因多数东北城市历史性建筑所在区域均为老城区,历史性建筑广场已经存在,更多的是需要对其进行景观的整合设计。
本文以东北城市历史性建筑广场为研究对象,旨对东北城市历史性建筑广场景观整合设计进行研究,对东北城市历史性建筑广场存在的问题进行分析,寻找可行的解决办法。通过对东北几个主要城市沈阳、长春、哈尔滨的历史性建筑广场进行现状调查,提出东北城市历史性建筑广场普遍存在的问题。在对东北城市历史性建筑广场的分类、影响因素及广场周围环境分别进行了阐释后,提出针对东北城市历史性建筑广场存在问题具有指导性的设计原则和在广场空间、功能、风格、物质要素等层面的具体设计手法。
东北城市历史性建筑广场景观整合设计除了要对现存的问题进行共性的整合,还要充分考虑到城市的地域性特色和历史文脉的保护,为整个东北城市的发展起到积极的作用。
Along with the development of Chinese economy, Revitalizing the old industrial bases in northeast China strategy proposed, development of the northeast city is very quickly, The space of city square is very difficult satisfy to people’s requirement of the production and living now, by the way, in the northeast area of China, Every one has the different historical background and deep in the past of culture, How can holding to continue the history of the city, the integrity of the city’s characteristic culture, n the development of the city, It has become an inescapable problem in the urban development process. Carries on the analysis to their main historical construction square landscape design.
The historical architecture is the main carrier for the memories of the Urban and history, the protect for the historical architecture, Already got recognition more and more. the square shi one of city public space, Reasonable and science historical architecture square design, will become the important artifice for protect historical architecture, will exert contiuable for city history.
This article is study about northeast city historical architecture square Landscape Design. The introduction, explanation the backdrop and meaning of the article, to construe about study actuality of the article, Meanwhile has limit to the conception, and educe study content and technique verdict of article, Through investigation, raised the problem, after analysis categories of square, impact,environment, Raised the principle and practices of the square landscape design.
Except the common, the design must attention: protection the city history, Play a positive role for the northeast of China.
引文
1刘先觉.现代建筑理论.中国建筑工业出版社,1999
2张绮曼.环境艺术设计与理论.中国建筑工业出版社,2000
3杨公侠.视觉与视觉环境.第二版.同济大学出版社,2002
4刘少宗,龚理淑,檀馨,罗子厚.城市街道绿化设计.中国建筑工业出版社.1981
5吴梅,张蕾,王玲,李赛飞.景观设计(1).中国轻工业出版社,2002
6刘滨谊.现代景观规划设计.东南大学出版社,1999
7王建国.现代城市设计理论和方法.东南大学出版社,2001
8王蔚编.不同自然观下的建筑场所艺术——中西传统建筑文化比较.天津大学出版社,2004
9李其荣.城市规划与历史文化保护.东南大学出版社,2003
10王珂,夏健,杨新海.城市广场设计.东南大学出版社,1999
11崔世昌.现代建筑与民族文化.天津大学出版社,2000
12王其钧,谢燕.风格古建.中国水利水电出版社,2005
13沈玉麟.外国城市发展史.中国建筑工业出版社,1991
14黄文宪.景观设计.广西美术出版社,2004
15陈秉钊.当代城市规划导论.中国建筑工业出版社,2004
16白德懋.城市空间环境设计.中国建筑工业出版社,2002
17张斌,杨北帆.城市设计与环境艺术.天津大学出版社,2000:25
18文增著.城市广场设计.辽宁美术出版社,2001
19顾小玲.景观设计艺术.东南大学出版社,2002
20 [美]阿摩斯·拉普卜特.建成环境的意义——非言语表达方法.黄兰谷等译.中国建筑工业出版社,2003
21 [日]高原荣重.城市绿地规划.杨增志等译.中国建筑工业出版社,1983
22 [美]阿摩斯·拉普卜特.文化特性与建筑设计.常青,张昕,张鹏等译.中国建筑工业出版社,2004
23 [英]布莱恩·劳森.空间的语言.杨青娟,韩效,卢芳,李翔等译.中国建筑工业出版社,2003
24 [英]伊恩·本特利.建筑环境共鸣设计.纪晓海,高颖译.大连理工大学出版社,2002
25 [西班牙]切沃.城市街道与广场——世界景观设计.甘沛译.百通集团,2002
26 [英]克利夫·芒福汀.街道与广场.张永刚,陆卫东译.中国建筑工业出版社,2004
27 [美]克莱尔·库珀·马库斯,卡罗琳·弗朗西斯.人性场所.俞孔坚,孙鹏,王志芳等译.中国建筑工业出版社,2001:23～24
28 [美]柯林·罗,弗瑞森·科特.拼贴城市.童明译.中国建筑工业出版社,2003
29 [美]凯文·林奇.城市意象.方益萍,何晓军译.华夏出版社,2001
30柯里亚.转变与转化.世界建筑.清华大学出版社,1990年第6期
31柏春.城市设计的可持续发展.城市问题1999年第4期
32庞颖,孙伟斌.寒地城市气候与城市特色.低温建筑技术,2005年第5期
33吴松涛,贾梦宇.寒地城市设计对策简析.低温建筑技术,2001年第1期
34刘宛.旧城改造中城市设计的四个原则.世界建筑,2001年第6期
35 Moughtin, J. C. Urban Design: Street and Square, Oxford: Architectural Press,3rd edition, Chapter 7. 2003
36 Gleick, H. Faster: The Acceleration od Hust About Everything. London: Little, Brown and Commpany. 1999
37 Martinez, Marilyn. Mall rats: Unsitely teenagers on Third Street Promenade are targetedby policeand Santa Monica lawmakers [J] .Los Angeles Resder, July 19,6, 1996
38 Lomborg, B. The Skeptucal Environmentalist, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2001
39 Fillip, Janice. The managed street: A new way to creat community,revive downtown[J] .Western City, August 1991
40 Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The City Reader, London: Routledge, 1996
41 Lewis Mumford《The Culture of Cities》Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, NewYork, 1970
42 Scientific American. Science defends itself against the skeptical environmentalist, Scientific American, January.2002
43 Derk de Jonge.“Applied Hodology”[J]. Landscapel7, No.2 (1967-68): 10～1
44 Jarvis, R. K. Urban environment as visual art or as social setting. A review [J]. Town Planning Review, 1980
45 Glancey, Jonathan. Is this fit company for St Paul’s? In The Independent, 29 May, 1991
46 Gordon, D. L. A. Financing Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, APA Journal, Spring, 1997
47 Scoffham, E. R. Balancing Community and Commercial Interests in New-ark-on-Trent. In Urban Waterside Regeneration; Problems and Propects (eds K. N. White et al.), Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1993
48 Based on Drawings in Thorne, Streets Ahead, The Architectural Review, March, 1994
49 Vale, B. and Vale, R. Green Architecture, Thames and Hudson, London, 1991
50 Pawley, M. Final act of the Fawcett saga. In The Guardian, 5 Februuary 1990
51 Madanipour, A. Design of Urban Space, Wiley, Chichester, 1996
52 Owen, J. The Water’s Edge: The Space Between Buildings and Water. In Urban Waterside Regeneration: Problems and Prospects (K. N. White et al., eds), Ellis Horwood Ltd,Chichester,1993, pp. 15-21
53 Mac Pherson, T. Regenerating Industrial Riversides in the North East of England. In Urban Waterside Regeneration: Problems and Prospects (K. N. White et al., eds), Ellis Horwood Ltd,Chichester,1993, pp. 31-49
54 Ard University, MA. USA. 11 Yu, K-J. Security patterns and surface model and in landscape planning [J]. Landscape and Urban Plann. 1996. 36(5)1-17
55 Morris, D. The Naked Eye: Traveles in Search of the Human Species. London: Edbury Press. 2000
56孙亮.城市广场空间环境的意义之研究.华中科技大学,2005
57孙薇薇.城市广场人性化设计原则研究.华中科技大学,2005
58陈小辉.城市历史环境设计理论与方法.武汉大学,2005
59邱冰.城市历史地段景观设计研究.江南大学,2004
60闫立杰.寒地城市广场环境设计研究.东北林业大学,2005
61王更生.历史地段旧建筑改造再利用.天津大学,2003
62毛贺.论城市历史文化景观与周边环境关系的处理原则.苏州大学,2004
2张绮曼.环境艺术设计与理论.中国建筑工业出版社,2000
3杨公侠.视觉与视觉环境.第二版.同济大学出版社,2002
4刘少宗,龚理淑,檀馨,罗子厚.城市街道绿化设计.中国建筑工业出版社.1981
5吴梅,张蕾,王玲,李赛飞.景观设计(1).中国轻工业出版社,2002
6刘滨谊.现代景观规划设计.东南大学出版社,1999
7王建国.现代城市设计理论和方法.东南大学出版社,2001
8王蔚编.不同自然观下的建筑场所艺术——中西传统建筑文化比较.天津大学出版社,2004
9李其荣.城市规划与历史文化保护.东南大学出版社,2003
10王珂,夏健,杨新海.城市广场设计.东南大学出版社,1999
11崔世昌.现代建筑与民族文化.天津大学出版社,2000
12王其钧,谢燕.风格古建.中国水利水电出版社,2005
13沈玉麟.外国城市发展史.中国建筑工业出版社,1991
14黄文宪.景观设计.广西美术出版社,2004
15陈秉钊.当代城市规划导论.中国建筑工业出版社,2004
16白德懋.城市空间环境设计.中国建筑工业出版社,2002
17张斌,杨北帆.城市设计与环境艺术.天津大学出版社,2000:25
18文增著.城市广场设计.辽宁美术出版社,2001
19顾小玲.景观设计艺术.东南大学出版社,2002
20 [美]阿摩斯·拉普卜特.建成环境的意义——非言语表达方法.黄兰谷等译.中国建筑工业出版社,2003
21 [日]高原荣重.城市绿地规划.杨增志等译.中国建筑工业出版社,1983
22 [美]阿摩斯·拉普卜特.文化特性与建筑设计.常青,张昕,张鹏等译.中国建筑工业出版社,2004
23 [英]布莱恩·劳森.空间的语言.杨青娟,韩效,卢芳,李翔等译.中国建筑工业出版社,2003
24 [英]伊恩·本特利.建筑环境共鸣设计.纪晓海,高颖译.大连理工大学出版社,2002
25 [西班牙]切沃.城市街道与广场——世界景观设计.甘沛译.百通集团,2002
26 [英]克利夫·芒福汀.街道与广场.张永刚,陆卫东译.中国建筑工业出版社,2004
27 [美]克莱尔·库珀·马库斯,卡罗琳·弗朗西斯.人性场所.俞孔坚,孙鹏,王志芳等译.中国建筑工业出版社,2001:23～24
28 [美]柯林·罗,弗瑞森·科特.拼贴城市.童明译.中国建筑工业出版社,2003
29 [美]凯文·林奇.城市意象.方益萍,何晓军译.华夏出版社,2001
30柯里亚.转变与转化.世界建筑.清华大学出版社,1990年第6期
31柏春.城市设计的可持续发展.城市问题1999年第4期
32庞颖,孙伟斌.寒地城市气候与城市特色.低温建筑技术,2005年第5期
33吴松涛,贾梦宇.寒地城市设计对策简析.低温建筑技术,2001年第1期
34刘宛.旧城改造中城市设计的四个原则.世界建筑,2001年第6期
35 Moughtin, J. C. Urban Design: Street and Square, Oxford: Architectural Press,3rd edition, Chapter 7. 2003
36 Gleick, H. Faster: The Acceleration od Hust About Everything. London: Little, Brown and Commpany. 1999
37 Martinez, Marilyn. Mall rats: Unsitely teenagers on Third Street Promenade are targetedby policeand Santa Monica lawmakers [J] .Los Angeles Resder, July 19,6, 1996
38 Lomborg, B. The Skeptucal Environmentalist, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2001
39 Fillip, Janice. The managed street: A new way to creat community,revive downtown[J] .Western City, August 1991
40 Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The City Reader, London: Routledge, 1996
41 Lewis Mumford《The Culture of Cities》Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, NewYork, 1970
42 Scientific American. Science defends itself against the skeptical environmentalist, Scientific American, January.2002
43 Derk de Jonge.“Applied Hodology”[J]. Landscapel7, No.2 (1967-68): 10～1
44 Jarvis, R. K. Urban environment as visual art or as social setting. A review [J]. Town Planning Review, 1980
45 Glancey, Jonathan. Is this fit company for St Paul’s? In The Independent, 29 May, 1991
46 Gordon, D. L. A. Financing Urban Waterfront Redevelopment, APA Journal, Spring, 1997
47 Scoffham, E. R. Balancing Community and Commercial Interests in New-ark-on-Trent. In Urban Waterside Regeneration; Problems and Propects (eds K. N. White et al.), Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1993
48 Based on Drawings in Thorne, Streets Ahead, The Architectural Review, March, 1994
49 Vale, B. and Vale, R. Green Architecture, Thames and Hudson, London, 1991
50 Pawley, M. Final act of the Fawcett saga. In The Guardian, 5 Februuary 1990
51 Madanipour, A. Design of Urban Space, Wiley, Chichester, 1996
52 Owen, J. The Water’s Edge: The Space Between Buildings and Water. In Urban Waterside Regeneration: Problems and Prospects (K. N. White et al., eds), Ellis Horwood Ltd,Chichester,1993, pp. 15-21
53 Mac Pherson, T. Regenerating Industrial Riversides in the North East of England. In Urban Waterside Regeneration: Problems and Prospects (K. N. White et al., eds), Ellis Horwood Ltd,Chichester,1993, pp. 31-49
54 Ard University, MA. USA. 11 Yu, K-J. Security patterns and surface model and in landscape planning [J]. Landscape and Urban Plann. 1996. 36(5)1-17
55 Morris, D. The Naked Eye: Traveles in Search of the Human Species. London: Edbury Press. 2000
56孙亮.城市广场空间环境的意义之研究.华中科技大学,2005
57孙薇薇.城市广场人性化设计原则研究.华中科技大学,2005
58陈小辉.城市历史环境设计理论与方法.武汉大学,2005
59邱冰.城市历史地段景观设计研究.江南大学,2004
60闫立杰.寒地城市广场环境设计研究.东北林业大学,2005
61王更生.历史地段旧建筑改造再利用.天津大学,2003
62毛贺.论城市历史文化景观与周边环境关系的处理原则.苏州大学,2004